oracle手动建库
[root@aa ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@aa ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl
[oracle@aa ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=axlin
[oracle@aa ~]$ cd /oracle/admin/
[oracle@aa admin]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@aa admin]$ mkdir -pv axlin/{a,b,c,d,u}dump
mkdir: 已创建目录 “axlin”
mkdir: 已创建目录 “axlin/adump”
mkdir: 已创建目录 “axlin/bdump”
mkdir: 已创建目录 “axlin/cdump”
mkdir: 已创建目录 “axlin/ddump”
mkdir: 已创建目录 “axlin/udump”
[oracle@aa admin]$ cd ..
[oracle@aa oracle]$ cd oradata/
[oracle@aa oradata]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@aa oradata]$ mkdir axlin
[oracle@aa oradata]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@aa dbs]$ orapwd
Usage: orapwd file=<fname> password=<password> entries=<users> force=<y/n>
where
file - name of password file (mand),
password - password for SYS (mand),
entries - maximum number of distinct DBA and force - whether to overwrite existing file (opt),
OPERs (opt),
There are no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.
[oracle@aa dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwaxlin password=oracle
[oracle@aa dbs]$ ls
hc_orcl.dat init.ora lkORCL orapworcl
initdw.ora initorcl.ora orapwaxlin spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@aa dbs]$ cp init.ora init.ora.bak
[oracle@aa dbs]$ grep -v ^# init.ora.bak|sed '/^$/d'>init.ora
[oracle@aa dbs]$ vim init.ora
db_name=axlin
db_block_size=8192
db_files = 80 # SMALL
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 # SMALL
db_block_buffers = 100 # SMALL
shared_pool_size = 3500000 # SMALL
log_checkpoint_interval = 10000
processes = 50 # SMALL
parallel_max_servers = 5 # SMALL
log_buffer = 32768 # SMALL
max_dump_file_size = 10240 # limit trace file size to 5 Meg each
global_names = TRUE
control_files = ('ora_control1','/oracle/ora_control2')
[oracle@aa dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jun 22 14:27:38 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/oracle/db_1/dbs/init.ora'
ORA-00371: not enough shared pool memory, should be atleast 62198988 bytes
vim /oracle/db_1/dbs/init.ora
db_name=axlin
db_block_size=8192
db_files = 80 # SMALL
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 # SMALL
db_block_buffers = 100 # SMALL
shared_pool_size = 70000000 这个值必须大于62198988 # SMALL
log_checkpoint_interval = 10000
processes = 50 # SMALL
parallel_max_servers = 5 # SMALL
log_buffer = 32768 # SMALL
max_dump_file_size = 10240 # limit trace file size to 5 Meg each
global_names = TRUE
control_files = ('/oracle/ora_control1','/oracle/ora_control2')
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/oracle/db_1/dbs/init.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 109051904 bytes
Fixed Size 1217932 bytes
Variable Size 96471668 bytes
Database Buffers 8388608 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/oracle/db_1/dbs/init.ora';
File created.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 109051904 bytes
Fixed Size 1217932 bytes
Variable Size 96471668 bytes
Database Buffers 8388608 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL> alter system set undo_management=auto scope=spfile; 可以先在PFILE中加上undo_management=auto，再create spfile from pfile
System altered.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 109051904 bytes
Fixed Size 1217932 bytes
Variable Size 96471668 bytes
Database Buffers 8388608 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL>CREATE DATABASE axlin
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oracle/oradata/axlin/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/oracle/oradata/axlin/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/oracle/oradata/axlin/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/axlin/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/axlin/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
--DEFAULT TABLESPACE tbs_1
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/axlin/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/axlin/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
SQL>CREATE TABLESPACE users LOGGING
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/axlin/users01.dbf'
SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
SQL>@？/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL>@？/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
========================================================================================================================
========================================================================================================================
====================================================================================================================================
*****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
====================================================================================================================================
$ORACLE_BASE=/oracle $ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/db
建立pfile ,
vim /oracle/db/dbs/initBILL.ora
compatible=10.2.0.1
db_name=bill
INSTANCE_NAME=BILL
sga_max_size=500m
sga_target=300m
undo_management=AUTO
undo_tablespace=undo1
job_queue_processes=10
background_dump_dest=/oracle/admin/BILL/bdump
core_dump_dest=/oracle/admin/BILL/cdump
user_dump_dest=/oracle/admin/BILL/udump
control_files='/oracle/admin/BILL/control01.ctl','/oracle/admin/BILL/control02.ctl'
建立在参数文件中相应的目录
$mkdir /oracle/admin/BILL
$mkdir /oracle/admin/BILL/{a,b,c,d,u}dump
$export ORACLE_SID=BILL
[oracle@aa ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jun 23 19:27:05 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/oracle/db/dbs/initBILL.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes
Fixed Size 1220384 bytes
Variable Size 306184416 bytes
Database Buffers 209715200 bytes
Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes
SQL> select * from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME
--------------- ----------------
HOST_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------
VERSION STARTUP_T STATUS PAR THREAD# ARCHIVE LOG_SWITCH_WAIT
----------------- --------- ------------ --- ---------- ------- ---------------
LOGINS SHU DATABASE_STATUS INSTANCE_ROLE ACTIVE_ST BLO
---------- --- ----------------- ------------------ --------- ---
1 BILL
aa.ly.com
10.2.0.1.0 23-JUN-11 STARTED NO 0 STOPPED
ALLOWED NO ACTIVE UNKNOWN NORMAL NO
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/oracle/db/dbs/initBILL.ora';
File created.
[oracle@aa dbs]$ ls
hc_BILL.dat initBILL.ora init.ora orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
hc_orcl.dat initdw.ora lkORCL spfileBILL.ora
SQL> startup force nomount
SQL> ho vim createdb.sql
create database bill
maxinstances 2
maxdatafiles 200
maxlogfiles 32
maxlogmembers 5
maxloghistory 290
user sys identified by admin123
user system identified by admin123
character set utf8
national character set al16utf16
datafile '/oracle/oradata/bill/system01.dbf' size 200m
sysaux datafile '/oracle/oradata/bill/sysaux01.dbf' size 200m
undo tablespace undo1 datafile '/oracle/oradata/bill/undo01.dbf' size 100m
default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '/oracle/oradata/bill/temp01.dbf' size 100m
logfile
group 1 '/oracle/oradata/bill/redo101.log' size 100m,
group 2 '/oracle/oradata/bill/redo102.log' size 100m;
[oracle@aa ~]$ mkdir /oracle/oradata/bill
SQL> @ createdb.sql
Database created.
SQL> ho vim sql.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
conn system/admin123
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
SQL> @ sql.sql
====================================================================================================================================================
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
1 row selected.
SQL> alter database mount;
alter database mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01100: database already mounted
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01531: a database already open by the instance
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL>
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
==================================================================================================================================================
[oracle@aa ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
BILL
[oracle@aa ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jun 23 20:03:19 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes
Fixed Size 1220384 bytes
Variable Size 310378720 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance
2 ;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
BILL
SQL> select name from v$databases;
select name from v$databases
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
BILL
==========================================================================================================================================================
[oracle@aa ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@aa ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID=orcl
orcl=orcl
[oracle@aa ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jun 23 20:06:36 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 603979776 bytes
Fixed Size 1220796 bytes
Variable Size 171970372 bytes
Database Buffers 423624704 bytes
Redo Buffers 7163904 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
ORCL