CCNP-11 OSPF试验7(BSCI)

CCNP-11 OSPF试验7

实验拓扑:

试验要求: R1 R2 R3 R4 按照拓扑上连好, R1 R2 R4 OSPF R3 RIPv2 ,首先把 AREA 1 设置为普通区域,并且配置 R1 重分布 RIPv2 路由到 OSPF ,观察 R4 上的 LSDB 的类型,然后再把 AREA 1 配置成为 STUB 区域,观察 R4 LSDB 有什么变化。
试验目的:掌握 OSPF STUB 的配置方法,并且能够分析 LSDB 的变化。

实验配置:
R1
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s1/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 199.99.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shu
 
R2
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int s1/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 199.99.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#exit
 
R3
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 199.99.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shu
R3(config-if)#exit
 
R4
R4(config)#int s1/0
R4(config-if)#ip add 199.99.3.2 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shu
R4(config-if)#exit
 
OK ,基本的链路层配置完毕,然后用 ping 测试连通性,这里略,然后在 R1 R2 R4 上配置 OSPF R3 R1 上配置 RIP ,并在 R1 上重分布 RIP 路由到 OSPF 中,都起 loopback 口:
R1(config)#int loop0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1 .1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#network 199.99.1.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#network 199.99.2.0
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router ospf 100
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
R1(config-router)#exit
 
R2(config)#int loop0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2 .2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#network 199.99.1.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 199.99.3.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
 
R3(config)#int loop 0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3 .3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shu
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#version 2
R3(config-router)#network 199.99.2.0
R3(config-router)#network 3.3.3 .0
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary
R3(config-router)#end
 
R4(config)#int loop0
R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4 .4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
R4(config-if)#exit
R4(config)#router ospf 100
R4(config-router)#network 199.99.3.0 0.0.0 .255 area 1
 
好了,注意每台路由器和不同路由协议所通告的网段,下面我们在 R1 R2 R4 show ip route 查看一下路由表:
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     1.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1 .0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     3.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R       3.3.3 .0 [120/1] via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:07, Serial1/1
O IA 199.99.3.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.1.2, 00:01:12, Serial1/0
C    199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     2.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2 .0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     3.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    3.3.3 .0 [110/20] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0
C    199.99.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O E2 199.99.2.0/24 [110/20] via 199.99.1.1, 00:00:08, Serial1/0
C    199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
 
R4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     3.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    3.3.3 .0 [110/20] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:08, Serial1/0
     4.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       4.4.4 .0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    199.99.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O E2 199.99.2.0/24 [110/20] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:09, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.1.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:35, Serial1/0
 
我们在 R2 R4 的路由表里发现了 O E2 O IA 路由, O E2 表示从自治系统外部学到的路由, O IA 表示从相同自治系统中不同区域学到的路由,下面我们 show ip ospf database 查看一下 LSDB 表:
R1#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID ( 1.1.1 .1) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1 .1         6           0x80000003 0x 0046F 0 2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2 .2         29          0x80000004 0x00E051 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.3.0      2.2.2 .2         28          0x80000001 0x00E0E5
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
199.99.2.0      1.1.1 .1         5           0x80000001 0x00E589 0
 
以上为 R1 LSDB ,发现里面有 LSA TYPE-1 and 3 and 5 ,由此我们可以知道 R1 ASBR
 
R2#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID ( 2.2.2 .2) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1 .1         1.1.1 .1         15          0x80000003 0x 0046F 0 2
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2 .2         36          0x80000004 0x00E051 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.3.0      2.2.2 .2         35          0x80000001 0x00E0E5
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2 .2         40          0x80000001 0x 0083A 2 2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4 .4         40          0x80000002 0x00AF6D 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      2.2.2 .2         40          0x80000001 0x 00F 6D1
 
                Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1 .1         2.2.2 .2         9           0x80000001 0x 00935C
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
3.3.3 .0         1.1.1 .1         4           0x80000001 0x005D36 0
199.99.2.0      1.1.1 .1         15          0x80000001 0x00E589 0
 
以上为 R2 LSDB ,发现它包含了两个区域的 LSDB ,说明它是一台 ABR ,同样我们可以看到 LSA TYPE-1 and 3 and 5
 
R4#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID ( 4.4.4 .4) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2 .2         47          0x80000001 0x 0083A 2 2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4 .4         46          0x80000002 0x00AF6D 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      2.2.2 .2         47          0x80000001 0x 00F 6D1
 
                Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1 .1         2.2.2 .2         16          0x80000001 0x 00935C
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
3.3.3 .0         1.1.1 .1         12          0x80000001 0x005D36 0
199.99.2.0      1.1.1 .1         22          0x80000001 0x00E589 0
 
以上为 R4 LSDB ,包含了 LSA TYPE-1 and 3 and 4 and 5
 
接下来我们把 AREA 1 配置成为 STUB 区域,看看 LSDB 有什么变化:
R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#area 1 stub
 
R4(config)#router ospf 100
R4(config-router)#area 1 stub
注意: area xx stub 这条命令要在 STUB 区域内的每台 OSPF 路由器上配置,否则无法成功建立邻居关系!然后我们在 R4 clear ip route * ,再 show ip route 查看,看看是否有什么变化?
R4#show ip route     
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is 199.99.3.1 to network 0.0.0 .0
 
     4.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       4.4.4 .0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    199.99.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.1.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:07, Serial1/0
O*I A 0.0.0 .0/0 [110/65] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:07, Serial1/0
 
R4#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     3.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2    3.3.3 .0 [110/20] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:08, Serial1/0
     4.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       4.4.4 .0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    199.99.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O E2 199.99.2.0/24 [110/20] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:09, Serial1/0
O IA 199.99.1.0/24 [110/128] via 199.99.3.1, 00:00:35, Serial1/0

  发现了吗?原来的 O E2 路由没有了,变成了 O*IA 路由了,下一跳地址为 ABR 的接口地址, show ip ospf database 查看一下 LSDB 的变化:
R4#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID ( 4.4.4 .4) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2 .2         22          0x80000003 0x009D88 2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4 .4         20          0x80000004 0x 00C 953 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
0.0.0 .0         2.2.2 .2         27          0x80000001 0x 0075C 0
199.99.1.0      2.2.2 .2         27          0x80000002 0x0013B6
 
R4#show ip ospf database
 
            OSPF Router with ID ( 4.4.4 .4) (Process ID 100)
 
                Router Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
2.2.2 .2         2.2.2 .2         47          0x80000001 0x 0083A 2 2
4.4.4 .4         4.4.4 .4         46          0x80000002 0x00AF6D 2
 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
199.99.1.0      2.2.2 .2         47          0x80000001 0x 00F 6D1
 
                Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
1.1.1 .1         2.2.2 .2         16          0x80000001 0x 00935C
 
                Type-5 AS External Link States
 
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
3.3.3 .0         1.1.1 .1         12          0x80000001 0x005D36 0
199.99.2.0      1.1.1 .1         22          0x80000001 0x00E589 0

  原来的 LSA TYPE-4 and 5 LSA 没有了,多了一条三类的默认路由,由此我们可以判断出 STUB 区域中的 ABR 将外部来的 5 LSA 转变为默认 3 LSA 后,再向区域内泛洪。这样配置后 LSDB 的体积明显小多了。

实验总结:掌握 OSPF 的特殊区域 STUB 区域的配置方法,理解 STUB 区域的作用,理解 STUB 区域的 ABR 将阻止外部传来的 4 5 LSA 洪泛到 STUB 区域内,并且将 5 LSA 转变为一条默认的 3 LSA 后,再向 STUB 区域内洪泛。


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