kickstart+nfs+tftp+dhcp无人值守安装rhel5.5

一、       设置本地光盘为YUM源

[root@server ~]# ll /dev |grep cdrom

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root           3 May 31 00:52 cdrom -> hdc

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root           3 May 31 00:52 cdrom-hdc -> hdc

查看得知光盘对应设备为：/dev/hdc

 

[root@server ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom       #建立光盘挂载目录

[root@server ~]# echo "/dev/hdc     /mnt/cdrom      iso9660      defaults    0 0" >> /etc/fstab

#在/etc/fstab下追加光盘自动挂载信息

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/fstab

LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2

LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

LABEL=SWAP-sda5         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

/dev/hdc     /mnt/cdrom      iso9660      defaults    0 0

 

[root@server ~]# mount –a    #执行挂载命令

[root@server ~]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda3 on /home type ext3 (rw)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/hdc on /mnt/cdrom type iso9660 (ro)

 

[root@server ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo

#拷贝一份yum配置模板server.repo

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo

[core]   #设置名称为core，后面配置sytem-config-kickstart时才能看到软件包的选取界面

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server

enabled=1     #启用yum源

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[root@server ~]# yum list    #查看yum源可用配置成功

二、       设置nfs共享

[root@server ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux

/dev/sda2              14         854     6755332+  83  Linux

/dev/sda3             855         985     1052257+  83  Linux

/dev/sda4             986        1305     2570400    5  Extended

/dev/sda5             986        1050      522081   82  Linux swap / Solaris

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes      #查看到本地还有一块硬盘/dev/sdb

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

 

[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb    #利用fdisk命令对sdb硬盘进行分区

Command (m for help): n         #新建分区

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p                             #新建一个主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-652, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652): + 4000m    #新建 4G 左右分区

 

Command (m for help): w          #保存配置

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@server ~]# partprobe         #激活分区

Warning: Unable to open /dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/hdc has been opened read-only.

[root@server ~]#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1         487     3911796   83  Linux

#fdisk –l查看到新建分区为/dev/sdb1

[root@server ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1   #格式化分区

[root@server ~]# mkdir /kickstart      #建立新分区的挂载目录

[root@server ~]# echo "/dev/sdb1      /kickstart        ext3      defaults    0 0" >> /etc/fstab

[root@server ~]# mount -a

[root@server ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2             6.3G   2.7G   3.4G   44% /

/dev/sda3             996M    34M   911M    4% /home

/dev/sda1              99M    12M    83M   12% /boot

tmpfs                 125M      0  125M    0% /dev/shm

/dev/hdc              2.9G   2.9G      0 100% /mnt/cdrom

/dev/sdb1             3.7G    72M   3.5G    3% /kickstart     #看到已经成功挂载新分区/dev/sdb1

[root@server ~]# ls /kickstart/

lost+found

 

[root@server ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom/

[root@server cdrom]# cp -r ./* /kickstart    #拷贝/mnt/cdrom下所有文件到/kickstart

 

[root@server cdrom]# echo "/kickstart  *(rw,sync)" > /etc/exports   #设置nfs共享

[root@server cdrom]# service portmap restart                    #启动portmap服务

Stopping portmap:                                          [  OK  ]

Starting portmap:                                          [  OK  ]

[root@server cdrom]# service nfs start                          #启动nfs服务

Starting NFS services:                                     [  OK  ]

Starting NFS quotas:                                       [  OK  ]

Starting NFS daemon:                                       [  OK  ]

Starting NFS mountd:                                       [  OK  ]

[root@server cdrom]# chkconfig portmap on

[root@server cdrom]# chkconfig nfs on

[root@server cdrom]# showmount –e                          #查看nfs共享

Export list for server:

/kickstart *

 

三、安装相应程序

[root@server ~]# yum -y install tftp dhcp system-config-kickstart

#yum安装tftp、dhcp、kickstart程序

 

 

 

四、拷贝无人职守安装系统所需文件

[root@server ~]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/vmlinuz /tftpboot/     #拷贝光盘中vmlinuz到/tftpboot下

[root@server ~]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/initrd.img /tftpboot/    #拷贝光盘中initrd.img到/tftpboot下

[root@server ~]# cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/       #拷贝本地pxelinux.0到/tftpboot下

[root@server ~]# mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

[root@server ~]# cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

#拷贝光盘中isolinux.cfg到/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg目录下的default文件

 

五、配置tftp

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp     #tfpt配置文件

# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

        socket_type             = dgram

        protocol                = udp

        wait                    = yes

        user                    = root

        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

        server_args             = -s /tftpboot

        disable                 = no      #将此处的yes改为no即可

        per_source              = 11

        cps                     = 100 2

        flags                   = IPv4

}

[root@server ~]# service xinetd restart          #启动xinetd服务

Stopping xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]

[root@server ~]# chkconfig xinetd on

 

六、配置dhcp

[root@server ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp- 3.0.5 /dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

#拷贝dhcp配置文件模板到/etc下

 

 

 

 

 

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;

ignore client-updates;

 

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {             #修改网段为本机所在的网段

 

filename "/pxelinux.0";                              #新添加内容

next-server 192.168.1.20;                            #新添加内容，指定dhcp服务器

 

# --- default gateway

        option routers                  192.168.1.20;   #ip改dhcp服务器ip

        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;

 

        option nis-domain               "domain.org";

        option domain-name              "domain.org";

        option domain-name-servers      192.168.1.20;   #ip改dhcp服务器ip

 

        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

#       option ntp-servers              192.168.1.1;

#       option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.1;

# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless

# -- you understand Netbios very well

#       option netbios-node-type 2;

 

        range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.200;   #设定dhcp地址池

        default-lease-time 21600;

        max-lease-time 43200;

 

        # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address

        host ns {

                next-server marvin.redhat.com;

                hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;

                fixed-address 207.175.42.254;

        }

}

[root@server ~]# service dhcpd start                      #启动dhcpd服务

Starting dhcpd:                                            [  OK  ]

[root@server ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on

 

七、配置default文件和生成ks.cfg文件

[root@server ~]# vim /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default linux

prompt 1

timeout 6              #更改超时时间

display boot.msg

F1 boot.msg

F2 options.msg

F3 general.msg

F4 param.msg

F5 rescue.msg

label linux

  kernel vmlinuz

  append ks=nfs:192.168.1.20:/kickstart/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img    #添加ks.cfg文件位置

label text

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img text

label ks

  kernel vmlinuz

  append ks initrd=initrd.img

label local

  localboot 1

label memtest86

  kernel memtest

  append -

 

[root@server ~]#system-config-kickstart          #生成ks.cfg文件

设置时区语言等：

 

设置安装方式：

 

 

进行分区设置，一定要选择“clear master boot record”和“remove all existing partitions”两项，要不安装时会出现提示，这样就不是无人职守安装了

 

 

设置网卡eth0为dhcp

 

 

禁用防火墙，保留selinux

 

 

设置x window信息

 

 

选择要安装的软件包，在前面yum设置时server.repo里yum名称要写成

core要不此处不会有包选择显示

 

 

点击file进行保存即可，ks.cfg保存到/root下

 

 

[root@server ~]# vim ks.cfg

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

# System authorization information

auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5

key –-skip                     #打开ks.cfg后添加此行，跳过key，不然安装时会有输入key的提示

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

# Use graphical install

graphical

# Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --disable

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang zh_CN

# Installation logging level

logging --level=info

# Use NFS installation media

nfs --server=192.168.1.20 --dir=/kickstart

# Network information

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

# Reboot after installation

reboot

#Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$xEOa51li$LzKNsjIC87B4gDbnOZykg0

 

# SELinux configuration

selinux --enforcing

# System timezone

timezone  Asia/Shanghai

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# X Window System configuration information

xconfig  --defaultdesktop=GNOME --depth=32 --resolution=800x600 --startxonboot

# Disk partitioning information

part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=200

part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=512

part /home --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=1024

part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=6000

 

%packages

@gnome-software-development

@base-x

@gnome-desktop

@development-libs

@development-tools

@x-software-development

@admin-tools

@legacy-software-development

@system-tools

@server-cfg

@ruby

@chinese-support

@printing

@java-development

@text-internet

@graphical-internet

@editors

@java

[root@server ~]# cp ks.cfg /kickstart/       #将ks.cfg文件拷贝到nfs共享目录中即/kickstart

 

kickstart+nfs+tftp+dhcp无人值守安装rhel5.5.doc

http://down.51cto.com/data/223652