ORACLE实例RENAME,DB_LINK同步(Materialized View,Snapshot)

1.修改数据库名
1.查看oracle实例名
2.shutdown immediate
3.lsnrctl stop $ORACLE_SID#----------windows下关闭使用oracle服务
4.修改 /etc/oratab 的$ORACLE_SID#------------windows没有
5.修改用户环境变量.bashprofile  #------------windows没有
6.linux下$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 修改有关$ORACLE_SID的文件名
  windows下$ORACLE_HOME/database 修改有关$ORACLE_SID的文件名
7.重新生成密码文件,启动数据库
liunx:orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=5 force=y
windows:
在一个cmd运行oracle %ORACLE_ORCL%
在另一个cmd运行
set ORACLE_HOME=E:\app\cswggod\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database
set ORACLE_ORCL=orcl
orapwd file=%ORACLE_HOME%/ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw%ORACLE_SID% password=oracle entries=5 force=y
startup

#-------------------1.选择orcl实例
[oracle@h1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Nov 12 03:07:58 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
#-------------2.查看实例
SQL> select * from v$thread
 

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
 
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl
#-----------------3.关机 
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
#-------------4.关闭监听
[oracle@h1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop orcl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-NOV-2012 03:20:11
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.5.130)(PORT=1522)))
The command completed successfully
#--------------5.修改/etc/oratab
[oracle@h1 ~]$ su root
Password:
[root@h1 oracle]# vi /etc/oratab
#------------orcl 修改为bitc
bitc:/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2:N
test:/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2:N
"/etc/oratab" 24L, 764C written
[root@h1 oracle]#
#-----------------6.修改.bash_profile并生效
[root@h1 oracle]# su oracle
[oracle@h1 ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@h1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2
export ORACLE_SID=bitc
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.:$PATH
".bash_profile" 16L, 323C written                            
[oracle@h1 ~]$ . .bash_profile
[oracle@h1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
bitc
#---------------------7.修改配置文件名
[oracle@h1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ ls -al
total 56
drwxr-xr-x.  2 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 12 03:18 .
drwxr-xr-x. 76 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 10 00:52 ..
-rw-rw----.  1 oracle oinstall 1544 Nov 10 00:40 hc_DBUA0.dat
-rw-rw----.  1 oracle oinstall 1544 Nov 12 03:18 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-rw----.  1 oracle oinstall 1544 Nov 12 03:03 hc_test.dat
-rw-r--r--.  1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall 1906 Nov  9 23:35 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall   24 Nov  3 07:13 lkORCL
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall   24 Nov 10 00:45 lkTEST
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall 1536 Nov 10 06:40 orapworcl
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall 1536 Nov 10 04:23 orapwtest
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall 2560 Nov 12 03:04 spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall 2560 Nov  9 23:05 spfileorcl.ora.bak
-rw-r-----.  1 oracle oinstall 3584 Nov 12 03:03 spfiletest.ora
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ chmod 777 *
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_bitc.dat
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkBITC
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwbitc
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfilebitc.ora
[oracle@h1 dbs]$
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ ls
hc_bitc.dat   init.ora      lkTEST     spfilebitc.ora
hc_DBUA0.dat  initorcl.ora  orapwbitc  spfileorcl.ora.bak
hc_test.dat   lkBITC        orapwtest  spfiletest.ora
#-----------------8.生成密码文件
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=5 force=y
#---------------9.启动数据库
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
bitc
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Nov 12 03:35:11 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  501059584 bytes
Fixed Size                  2214736 bytes
Variable Size             318768304 bytes
Database Buffers          176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers                3915776 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
2.数据库更名后,配置静态监听
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ netmgr
#-------------------1.配置监听文件
image

image

配置远程namespace:
image
验证:
image
#----------------2.修改静态监听参数
SQL> show parameter listener;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks                    string
local_listener                       string      BITC
remote_listener                      string
SQL> alter system set local_listener="BITC";
System altered.
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
#----------------------------3.启动实例监听
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ lsnrctl start BITC
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-NOV-2012 05:01:08
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
TNS-01106: Listener using listener name orcl has already been started
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ lsnrctl status BITC
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-NOV-2012 05:01:16
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.5.130)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     orcl
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                12-NOV-2012 04:48:54 #启动日期 
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 22 sec #正常运行时间
Trace Level               off                                         #跟踪级别
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication #安全性
SNMP                      OFF                              
Listener Parameter File   /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/network/admin/listener.ora #监听程序参数文件
Listener Log File         /app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/h1/orcl/alert/log.xml #监听程序日志文件
Listening Endpoints Summary... #监听端点摘要
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.5.130)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...                     #服务摘要
Service "bitc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "bitc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "bitc", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "bitc", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

#-----------------------------------------------#
动态监听默认1521,多个实例只能共享这个端口;
在netmgr中配置namespace,所有实例的主机名和端口必须完全一致,否则一实例可能堵塞其他实例监听
注在64位oracle配置32位oracle的远程listener可能因为版本问题失败
3.Materialized View同步
#---------------------------------------在TEST上
select * from dba_db_links;
image

#---------------------host 已变成BITC,不是ORCL,db_link失效
SQL> alter public database link conn_orcl connect to u01 identified by abc;
alter public database link conn_orcl connect to u01 identified by abc
ORA-32598: user names cannot be changed in ALTER DATABASE LINK command
SQL> drop public database link conn_orcl;
Database link dropped
SQL> create public database link CONN_BITC connect to u01 identified by abc using 'BITC';
 
Database link created
#---------------------------------------在BITC上
SQL> conn system/manager
Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0
Connected as system
 
SQL> grant dba to u01;
 
Grant succeeded
 
SQL> conn  u01/abc
Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0
Connected as u01

SQL> create table t1(id int primary key,name varchar(30));
 
Table created
 
SQL> create materialized view log on t1;
 
Materialized view log created
  #---------------------------------------在TEST上,建立物化视图,由于ORCL数据未录入,
#------------t1_mv无数据
SQL>  select * from U01.t1@CONN_BITC;
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
#-----------------按主键建同步
 
SQL> create materialized view t1_mv refresh fast start with sysdate next sysdate+1/1440
  2   with primary key as select * from u01.t1@conn_bitc;

 
Materialized view created
SQL> select * from t1_mv;
ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
#---------------------------------------在BITC上,插入数据提交
SQL> insert into t1 values(1,'chal');
 
1 row inserted
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
#---------------------------------------在TEST上,每一分钟同步,t1_mv未到同步时间,数据未同步
SQL> select * from t1_mv;
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
#---------------------------------------在TEST上,经过每一分钟,t1_mv到同步时间,数据由ORCL同步到TEST
 
SQL> select * from t1_mv;
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
                                      1 chal
 
#--------------------------------------------#
#---------------------------------------在BITC上

SQL> show user
User is "u01"
SQL> create table stu (id int,name varchar(30));
 
Table created
#------------------log日志建立必须有主键
SQL> create materialized view log on stu;
 
create materialized view log on stu
 
ORA-12014: table 'STU' does not contain a primary key constraint
#---------------------------------------在TEST上
#-----------------按ROWID建同步
SQL> create materialized view stu_mv refresh force start with sysdate next
  2   sysdate+1/1440 with rowid as select * from u01.stu@CONN_BITC;

 
Materialized view created
#---------------------------------------在BITC上
SQL> insert into stu values(1,'TOM');
 
1 row inserted
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
#---------------------------------------在TEST上
SQL> select * from stu_mv;
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
                                      1 TOM
#---------------------4.快照同步
#------------------------------------------有主键----------------------------------------------#
#---------------------------------------在BITC上
SQL> show user
User is "u01"
 
SQL> create table test1(id int primary key,name varchar(30));
 
Table created
 
SQL> create snapshot log on test1;
 
Materialized view log created
 
SQL> insert all into test1 values(1,'egg') into test1 values(2,'apple')
  2  select * from dual;
 
2 rows inserted
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
 
SQL>
#---------------------------------------在TEST上
SQL> create snapshot sn_test1 as select * from u01.test1@CONN_BITC;
 
Materialized view created
 
SQL> alter snapshot sn_test1 refresh fast start with sysdate next sysdate+1/1440
  2   with primary key;

 
Materialized view altered
  #--------------拥有主键,复制是增量的
SQL> select * from sn_test1;
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
                                      1 egg
                                      2 apple
 
SQL>
#---------------------------------------在BITC上
SQL> insert into test1 values(3,'fish');
 
1 row inserted
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
#---------------------------------------在TEST上
SQL> select * from sn_test1;
ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
1 egg
2 apple
SQL> /
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
                                      1 egg
                                      2 apple
 
SQL> /
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
                                      1 egg
                                      2 apple
                                      3 fish

#------------------------------------------无主键----------------------------------------------#
#---------------------------------------在BITC上
SQL> create table test2(id int,name varchar(30));
 
Table created
 
SQL> insert into test2 values(1,'beef');
 
1 row inserted
 
SQL> commit;
 
Commit complete
#---------------------------------------在TEST上
SQL> create snapshot sn_test2 refresh complete start with sysdate
  2  next sysdate+1/1440 with rowid as select * from u01.test2@conn_bitc;
 
Materialized view created
#-------------------complete,无增量刷新
SQL> select * from sn_test2;
 
                                     ID NAME
--------------------------------------- ------------------------------
                                      1 beef
 
#------------snapshot与备份区别------------------------#
热备份
热备份是在数据库运行的情况下,采用archivelog mode方式备份数据库的方法。所以,如果你有昨天夜里的一个冷备份而且又有今天的热备份文件,在发生问题时,就可以利用这些资料恢复更多的信息。热备份要求数据库在Archivelog方式下操作,并需要大量的档案空间。一旦数据库运行在archivelog状态下,就可以做备份了。热备份的命令文件由三部分组成:
1.数据文件一个表空间一个表空间的备份:
(1)设置表空间为备份状态;
(2)备份表空间的数据文件;
(3)回复表空间为正常状态。
2.备份归档log文件:
(1)临时停止归档进程;
(2)log下那些在archive rede log目标目录中的文件;
(3)重新启动archive进程;
(4)备份归档的redo log文件。
3.用alter database bachup controlfile命令来备份控制文件:
热备份的优点是:
1.可在表空间或数据库文件级备份,备份的时间短。
2.备份时数据库仍可使用。
3.可达到秒级恢复(恢复到某一时间点上)。
4.可对几乎所有数据库实体做恢复。
5.恢复是快速的,在大多数情况下爱数据库仍工作时恢复。
热备份的不足是:
1.不能出错,否则后果严重;
2. 若热备份不成功,所得结果不可用于时间点的恢复;
3. 因难于维护,所以要特别仔细小心,不允许“以失败告终”。

5.全局数据库名,数据库服务名
#-------------1.数据库名DB_NAME
方法一:select name from v$database;
方法二:show parameter db
方法三:查看参数文件
#-------------2.数据库实例名
实例名也被写入参数文件中,该参数为instance_name,在winnt平台中,实例名同时也被写入注册表。
在一般情况下,数据库名和实例名是一对一的关系,但如果在oracle并行服务器架构(即oracle实时应用集群)中,数据库名和实例名是一对多的关系(HA)。
方法一:select instance_name from v$instance;
方法二:show parameter instance
方法三:在参数文件中查询。
数据库实例名与ORACLE_SID
虽然两者都表是oracle实例,但两者是有区别的。instance_name是oracle数据库参数。而ORACLE_SID是操作系统的环境变量。ORACLD_SID用于与操作系统交互,也就是说,从操作系统的角度访问实例名,必须通过ORACLE_SID。在winnt不台,ORACLE_SID还需存在于注册表中。
 
但ORACLE_SID必须与instance_name的值一致,否则,你将会收到一个错误,在unix平台,是“ORACLE not available”,在winnt平台,是“TNS:协议适配器错误”。数据库实例名与网络连接
数据库实例名 除了与操作系统交互外,还用于网络连接的oracle服务器标识。当你配置oracle主机连接串的时候,就需要指定实例名。当然8i以后版本的网络组件要求使用的是服务名SERVICE_NAME。
#-------------3.数据库域名
数据库域名在存在于参数文件中,他的参数是db_domain.查询数据库域名
方法一:select value from v$parameter where name = 'db_domain';
方法二:show parameter domain
方法三:在参数文件中查询
#-------------4.数据库服务名
从oracle9i版本开始,引入了一个新的参数,即数据库服务名。参数名是SERVICE_NAME。
如果数据库有域名,则数据库服务名就是全局数据库名;否则,数据库服务名与数据库名相同。查询数据库服务名
方法一:select value from v$parameter where name = 'service_name';
方法二:show parameter service_name
#-------------5.全局数据库名=数据库名+数据库域名

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