RHEL5 kickstart 安装小结

RHEL5 kickstart 安装小结

环境简介

系统版本:RHEL5 32

内核版本:2.6.18-8.el5 i686

系统所需服务:tftpdhcpftpyum

创建ftp

[root@rhel5-1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep vsftp

vsftpd-2.0.5-10.el5

如上面所示安装好vsftp后可以做下面工作。

搭建YUM

这里使用创建本地yum源,并且yum源所在根目录为ftp默认目录

[root@rhel5-1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@rhel5-1 ~]# cp -Rap /mnt/* /var/ftp/pub/

[root@rhel5-1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel5.repo

[Server]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug

baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[VT]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug

baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/VT

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[Cluster]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug

baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/Cluster

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[ClusterStorage]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug

baseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/ClusterStorage

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# yum clean all

Loading "rhnplugin" plugin

Loading "installonlyn" plugin

Repository 'Cluster' is missing name in configuration, using id

Repository 'ClusterStorage' is missing name in configuration, using id

Repository 'VT' is missing name in configuration, using id

Repository 'Server' is missing name in configuration, using id

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Cleaning up Everything

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#cd /var/ftp/pub

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# createrepo .

2045/2208 - Server/jakarta-commons-collections-testframework-javadoc-3.1-6jpp.1.2208/2208 - VT/Virtualization-ko-KR-5.0.0-7.noarch.rpm

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

 

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# yum update

Loading "rhnplugin" plugin

Loading "installonlyn" plugin

Repository 'Cluster' is missing name in configuration, using id

Repository 'ClusterStorage' is missing name in configuration, using id

Repository 'VT' is missing name in configuration, using id

Repository 'Server' is missing name in configuration, using id

This system is not registered with RHN.

RHN support will be disabled.

Setting up Update Process

Setting up repositories

Cluster                   100% |=========================| 1.3 kB    00:00

ClusterStorage            100% |=========================| 1.3 kB    00:00

VT                        100% |=========================| 1.3 kB    00:00

Server                    100% |=========================| 1.3 kB    00:00

Reading repository metadata in from local files

primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================| 6.4 kB    00:00

################################################## 32/32

primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================| 4.2 kB    00:00

################################################## 32/32

primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================| 6.0 kB    00:00

################################################## 31/31

primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================| 663 kB    00:00

################################################## 2113/2113

No Packages marked for Update/Obsoletion

 

利用YUM安装服务

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# yum install tftp

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# yum install tftp-server

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# yum install dhcp

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# yum install system-config-kickstart

配置服务

配置tftp

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

        socket_type             = dgram

        protocol                = udp

        wait                    = yes

        user                    = root

        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

        server_args             = -s /tftpboot

        disable                 = no

        per_source              = 11

        cps                     = 100 2

        flags                   = IPv4

}

配置PXE启动

[root@rhel5-1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#cp/usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#cd /tftpboot/

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#mkdir/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#cp/mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#cp/mnt/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /tftpboot/

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#cp/mnt/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /tftpboot/

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#chmodu+w/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default //文件默认只读

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default linux

prompt 1

timeout 100                        #超时原来为600s,这里配置100s

display boot.msg

F1 boot.msg

F2 options.msg

F3 general.msg

F4 param.msg

F5 rescue.msg

label linux

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img ks=ftp://192.168.10.50/pub/ks.cfg #指向ks.cfg的配置文件。

label text

  kernel vmlinuz

  append initrd=initrd.img text

label ks

  kernel vmlinuz

  append ks initrd=initrd.img

label local

  localboot 1

label memtest86

  kernel memtest

  append -

配置DHCP

[root@rhel5-1 pub]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style none;

ignore client-updates;

 

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

        filename                        "pxelinux.0";

        next-server                     192.168.10.50;#next-serverPXE服务器

# --- default gateway

        option routers                  192.168.10.254;

        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;

#       option nis-domain               "domain.org";

#       option domain-name              "domain.org";

#       option domain-name-servers      192.168.1.1;

 

        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

#       option ntp-servers              192.168.1.1;

#       option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.1;

#       option netbios-node-type 2;

 

        range dynamic-bootp 192.168.10.200 192.168.10.202;#地址池

        default-lease-time 21600;

        max-lease-time 43200;

配置ftp

FTP默认不用配置,将yum本地源配置在/var/ftp/pub后,启动FTP服务即可。

配置kickstart

在图形界面的终端里输入:system-config-kickstart后,kickstart会以图形界面的形式出现,根据要求配置后会生成一个ks.cfgkickstart的配置引导文件,将此文件复制到/var/ftp/pub下。ks.cfg的内容如下:

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

# System authorization information

auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --linux --initlabel

# Use graphical install

graphical

# Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --disable

key --skip

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang en_US

# Installation logging level

logging --level=info

# Use network installation

url --url=ftp://192.168.10.50/pub

# Network information

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

# Reboot after installation

reboot

#Root password

rootpw  123456

 

# SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

# System timezone

timezone  Asia/Urumqi

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# X Window System configuration information

xconfig  --defaultdesktop=GNOME --depth=8 --resolution=640x480 --startxonboot

# Disk partitioning information

part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=1028

part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=2048

part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --size=1

%packages

@admin-tools

@base

@chinese-support

@core

@development-libs

@development-tools

@dialup

@editors

@ftp-server

@gnome-desktop

@gnome-software-development

@java

@java-development

@legacy-software-development

@legacy-software-support

@ruby

@system-tools

@text-internet

@x-software-development

@base-x

kexec-tools

device-mapper-multipath

imake

emacs

audit

mesa-libGLU-devel

xorg-x11-utils

xorg-x11-server-Xnest

xorg-x11-server-Xvfb

启动服务

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#service dhcpd start

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#service vsftpd start

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#service xinetd start

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#chkconfig dhcpd on

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#chkconfig vsftpd on

[root@rhel5-1 pub]#chkconfig xinetd on

注意在配置过程要关闭防火墙和selinux

测试客户端

将客户端服务器通过pxe启动后,如果配置正确所有安装均会无人职守化安装。

 

问题备注:

问题1:

在kickstart安装过程中常会遇到各种错误,现在将我在配置中所遇到的错误进行注解。

 

如上错误是显示关于在安装过程中无法找到镜像文件的库信息和安装目录树,在这里要明确注意,如果你的YUM和发布的安装源文件都是一个目录文件,那么就会造成如图上面的问题,原因是在搭建YUM过程中要重新的生成其库安装索引,这个会与安装源文件的MD5校验产生冲突,所以会显示YUM可以使用,但是在kickstart安装过程中会产生各种蹊跷的问题。

解决办法

为了解决这个问题最好YUM源和安装文件源使用两个不同的文件目录,并且将对应修改的内容添加至ks.cfg文件。在安装文件的发布我使用原来光盘镜像挂载的方法,这样就可以减少对安装源文件的修改,从而避免错误的发生。

 

问题2:

在真实的安装环境当中,很多服务器都是双网卡,如果在按照上面配置去做,不能真正实现kicksart无人值守化安装,在多网卡环境当中,虽然安装时只接入一块网卡,但是在anaconda安装执行时会自动监测到系统存在双网卡,安装过程会让手动选择从哪个网卡启动,在RHEL6中也有同样问题存在。虽然在ks文件中写明了eth0网卡用dhcp获得地址,但是还会有问题存在,如下所示:

network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

上面说明了eth0网卡用dhcp获得地址,但是在安装过程中,anaconda安装执行时会自动监测到系统存在双网卡,安装过程会让手动选择从哪个网卡启动,所以上面配置无法解决现有的问题。

若有很多服务器同时安装那么选择网卡也是很麻烦的问题。在REDhat kickstart中,这个问题可以在tftp服务器引导文件照中解决,在default 中添加一个ksdevice参数,如下所示:

label linux
  kernel vmlinuz
  append ksdevice=eth0 initrd=initrd.img ks=ftp://192.168.2.1/pub/ks.cfg

ksdevice=eth0,即从第一块网卡启动,这样就制定了启动网卡,而anaconda也会从eth0网卡执行安装程序。

 

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