系统运维自动化---cobbler安装

Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 安装,自动化安装系统

 

安装环境
Centos 6.0 + VMware
Cobler服务器地址:192.168.32.80

1、CentOS 6网络基本配置

命令配置 重启后会还原
ip地址、子网掩码
ifconfig eth0 192.168.32.80 netmask 255.255.255.0
网关
route add default gw 192.168.32.1 dev eth0
主机名
hostname centos

1、IP 静态配置
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
static 静态 dhcp 动态获取
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.32.80
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.32.0
ONBOOT=yes
2、网关配置
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=cobbler
GATEWAY=192.168.32.1
3、DNS配置
vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8
4、重启网卡
service network restart

2、安装EPEL 

适用于Centos 5&Red Hat5
rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

适用与系统Centos 6&Red Hat 6
rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

更新缓存
yum makecache

 也可以在安装一个网易163的源 http://mirrors.163.com/

3、安装cobbler 及依赖包

yum -y install PyYAML cobbler tftp-server httpd dhcp yum-utils cman xinetd pykickstart

4、修改cobbler 配置文件

Wiki: ​http://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki

vi /etc/cobbler/settings
cobbler服务器地址
server: 192.168.32.250
设置PXE server的IP地址
next_server: 192.168.32.250
开启管理DHCP服务
manage_dhcp: 1
设置默认的kickstart配置文件（无需改动）
default_kickstart: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks
注意：cobbler启动使用的kickstart文件是/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks

5、修改tftp、rsync、dhcp

开启 tftp
vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable                 = no
开启 rsync
vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
disable = no

DHCP 修改
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.32.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.32.1; 路由
     option domain-name-servers 202.96.209.133,8.8.8.8; DNS
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0; 子网掩码
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.32.100 192.168.32.254;分发范围
     filename                   "/pxelinux.0";
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
}

6、关闭iptables、SElinux

iptables
service iptables stop
chkconfig --level 35 iptables off
SElinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

7、启动服务并设置为开机启动

service xinetd start
service httpd start
service cobblerd start
设置开机启动
chkconfig --level 345 httpd on
chkconfig --level 345 xinetd on
chkconfig --level 345 cobblerd on
最好reboot 系统下

 8、cobbler检查

cobbler check

 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost,or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
 3 : you need to set some SELinux content rules to ensure cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment, run the following: /usr/sbin/semanage fcontext -a -t public_content_t "/tftpboot/.*" && \ /usr/sbin/semanage fcontext -a -t public_content_t "/var/www/cobbler/images/.*"
 4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
 5 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
 6 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
 7 : since iptables may be running, ensure 69, 80, and 25151 are unblocked
 8 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
 9 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines  (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one   Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
10 : service dhcpd is not running

1、编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 server选项，修改为适当的ip地址，本实例配置ip为：192.168.10.1
2、编辑/etc/cobbler/settings文件，找到 next_server选项，修改为适当的ip地址，本实例配置ip为：192.168.10.1
3、SELinux的设置。如果上面已经关闭了SELinux就不用管了
4、执行 cobbler get-loaders，系统将自动下载loader程序，完成提示4的修复工作。
5、编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件，将文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改为no
6、编辑/etc/xinetd.d/rsync文件，将文件中的disable字段的配置由yes改为no
7、在iptables中将69，80，25151端口打开。如果仅仅只是在内部环境中使用，建议直接将防火墙关掉
8、提示说debmirror没安装。如果不是安装 debian之类的系统，此提示可以忽略，如果需要安装，下载地址为：
http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=debmirrorCentOS 6使用RHEL 5的包就可以。
9、修改cobbler用户的默认密码，可以使用如下命令生成密码，并使用生成后的密码替换/etc/cobbler/settings中 default_password_crypted 的密码。生成密码命令：
#openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' '[任意密码]'
10、DHCP不用理会

完成后 重启cobbler

service cobblerd restart

9、cobbler导入 Centos 光盘ISO 文件,可以光驱挂载,也可FTP上传ISO

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=centos6-00
提示：task started: 2012-12-30_235021_import
提示：task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Dec 30 23:50:21 2012)
（等待导入完成）
出现 *** TASK COMPLETE ***  表示完成
查看
cobbler list

创建profile  KS文件指向centos01.ks
cobbler profile add --name=centos02 --distro=centos6-00-i386 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos02.ks
cobbler sync
service cobblerd restart
已经全部准备就绪,启动客户机进行测试(下面的07-20可稍后再看)
修改profile
cobbler profile rename --name=centos02 --newname=centos03
删除profile
cobbler profile remove --name=centos03
删除distro
cobbler distro remove --name=centos6-00-i386
查看信息
cobbler list （distros,profiles）
cobbler distro list
cobbler distro（显示更多可使用查询命令）
cobbler profile list
cobbler profile（显示更多可使用查询命令）
cobbler profile report  （详细信息KS文件指定路径）
cobbler sync  (更改任何内容最好都要执行下)
自动安装过程中的规定规则是配置kickstart ,cobbler 默认使用的是 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks 

10、客户端测试（调整为network启动）

选择需要的  Enter 就不需要管了（当然要是KS文件书写错误了,就需要修改下喽）

11、cobbler web
文件路径 /var/www/cobbler
http://IP/cobbler/