C#数据导出Excel详细介绍
概要：
excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。
Excel知识点。
一、添加引用和命名空间
添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll
代码中添加引用using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
二、Excel类的简单介绍
此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为：
ApplicationClass - 就是我们的excel应用程序。
Workbook - 就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件，经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。
Worksheet - 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。
Worksheet.Cells[row, column] - 就是某行某列的单元格，注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的，跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。
知道了上述基本知识后，利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。
三、Excel的操作
任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序，首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例，并在最后将此实例释放。
1. 打开现有的Excel文件ApplicationClass xlsApp = new ApplicationClass(); // 1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例，相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。
if (xlsApp == null )
{
// 对此实例进行验证，如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel
}
2.复制sheet页Workbook workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
Worksheet mySheet = workbook.Sheets[ 1 ] as Worksheet; // 第一个sheet页
mySheet.Name = " testsheet " ; // 这里修改sheet名称
注意 这里Copy方法的两个参数，指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面，上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[ 1 ]); // 复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页，复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2)，这里就是testsheet(2)，复制完后，Worksheet的数量增加一个
3.删除sheet页
4.选中sheet页xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false ; // 如果想删除某个sheet页，首先要将此项设为fasle。
(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[ 1 ] as Worksheet).Delete();
5.另存excel文件(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[ 1 ] as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing); // 选中某个sheet页
6.释放excel资源workbook.Saved = true ;
workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath);
一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码workbook.Close( true , Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
workbook = null ;
xlsApp.Quit();
xlsApp = null ;
如果要在excel中插入图片，我们需要把代码加入一行即可，如下所示/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dt"></param>
protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt)
{
if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0 ) return ;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
if (xlApp == null )
{
return ;
}
System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( " en-US " );
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[ 1 ];
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;
long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;
long rowRead = 0 ;
float percent = 0 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ )
{
worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ];
range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15 ;
range.Font.Bold = true ;
}
for ( int r = 0 ; r < dt.Rows.Count; r ++ )
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ )
{
worksheet.Cells[r + 2 , i + 1 ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
}
rowRead ++ ;
percent = (( float )( 100 * rowRead)) / totalCount;
}
xlApp.Visible = true ;
}
我们调用如下:protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt)
{
if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0 ) return ;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
if (xlApp == null )
{
return ;
}
System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( " en-US " );
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[ 1 ];
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;
long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;
long rowRead = 0 ;
float percent = 0 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ )
{
worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ];
range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15 ;
}
for ( int r = 0 ; r < dt.Rows.Count; r ++ )
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ )
{
try
{
worksheet.Cells[r + 2 , i + 1 ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();
}
catch
{
worksheet.Cells[r + 2 , i + 1 ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace( " = " , "" );
}
}
rowRead ++ ;
percent = (( float )( 100 * rowRead)) / totalCount;
}
worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( " C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif " , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100 , 200 , 200 , 300 );
worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, " 123456 " , " Red " , 15 , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150 , 200 );
xlApp.Visible = true ;
}
public void GenerateExcel()
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add( " Name " , typeof ( string ));
dt.Columns.Add( " Age " , typeof ( string ));
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr[ " Name " ] = " spring " ;
dr[ " Age " ] = " 20 " ;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
dt.AcceptChanges();
ExportExcel(dt);
}
运行结果如下所示:
其中如下代码的作用是
在Excel的指定位置加入图片worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( " C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif " , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100 , 200 , 200 , 300 );
worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, " 123456 " , " Red " , 15 , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150 , 200 );
在Excel的指定位置加入文本框，和里面的内容.
我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:
先创建一个ExcelBE.cs：
接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:public class ExcelBE
{
private int _row = 0 ;
private int _col = 0 ;
private string _text = string .Empty;
private string _startCell = string .Empty;
private string _endCell = string .Empty;
private string _interiorColor = string .Empty;
private bool _isMerge = false ;
private int _size = 0 ;
private string _fontColor = string .Empty;
private string _format = string .Empty;
public ExcelBE( int row, int col, string text, string startCell, string endCell, string interiorColor, bool isMerge, int size, string fontColor, string format)
{
_row = row;
_col = col;
_text = text;
_startCell = startCell;
_endCell = endCell;
_interiorColor = interiorColor;
_isMerge = isMerge;
_size = size;
_fontColor = fontColor;
_format = format;
}
public ExcelBE()
{ }
public int Row
{
get { return _row; }
set { _row = value; }
}
public int Col
{
get { return _col; }
set { _col = value; }
}
public string Text
{
get { return _text; }
set { _text = value; }
}
public string StartCell
{
get { return _startCell; }
set { _startCell = value; }
}
public string EndCell
{
get { return _endCell; }
set { _endCell = value; }
}
public string InteriorColor
{
get { return _interiorColor; }
set { _interiorColor = value; }
}
public bool IsMerge
{
get { return _isMerge; }
set { _isMerge = value; }
}
public int Size
{
get { return _size; }
set { _size = value; }
}
public string FontColor
{
get { return _fontColor; }
set { _fontColor = value; }
}
public string Formart
{
get { return _format; }
set { _format = value; }
}
}
调用的代码如下:public class ExcelBase
{
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = null ;
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null ;
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null ;
private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range = null ;
public ExcelBase()
{
createDoc();
}
public void createDoc()
{
try
{
app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
app.Visible = true ;
workbook = app.Workbooks.Add( 1 );
worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[ 1 ];
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.Write( " Error " );
}
finally
{
}
}
public void InsertData(ExcelBE be)
{
worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col] = be.Text;
workSheet_range = worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell);
workSheet_range.MergeCells = be.IsMerge;
workSheet_range.Interior.Color = GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor);
workSheet_range.Borders.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
workSheet_range.ColumnWidth = be.Size;
workSheet_range.Font.Color = string .IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor) ? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();
workSheet_range.NumberFormat = be.Formart;
}
private int GetColorValue( string interiorColor)
{
switch (interiorColor)
{
case " YELLOW " :
return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
case " GRAY " :
return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb();
case " GAINSBORO " :
return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb();
case " Turquoise " :
return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb();
case " PeachPuff " :
return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb();
default :
return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb();
}
}
}
private void btnRun_Click( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ExcelBase excel = new ExcelBase();
// creates the main header
ExcelBE be = null ;
be = new ExcelBE ( 5 , 2 , " Total of Products " , " B5 " , " D5 " , " YELLOW " , true , 10 , " n " , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
// creates subheaders
be = new ExcelBE ( 6 , 2 , " Sold Product " , " B6 " , " B6 " , " GRAY " , true , 10 , "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
be = new ExcelBE( 6 , 3 , "" , " C6 " , " C6 " , " GRAY " , true , 10 , "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
be = new ExcelBE ( 6 , 4 , " Initial Total " , " D6 " , " D6 " , " GRAY " , true , 10 , "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
// add Data to cells
be = new ExcelBE ( 7 , 2 , " 114287 " , " B7 " , " B7 " , null , false , 10 , "" , " #,##0 " );
excel.InsertData(be);
be = new ExcelBE ( 7 , 3 , "" , " C7 " , " C7 " , null , false , 10 , "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
be = new ExcelBE( 7 , 4 , " 129121 " , " D7 " , " D7 " , null , false , 10 , "" , " #,##0 " );
excel.InsertData(be);
// add percentage row
be = new ExcelBE( 8 , 2 , "" , " B8 " , " B8 " , null , false , 10 , "" , "" );
excel.InsertData(be);
be = new ExcelBE( 8 , 3 , " =B7/D7 " , " C8 " , " C8 " , null , false , 10 , "" , " 0.0% " );
excel.InsertData(be);
be = new ExcelBE( 8 , 4 , "" , " D8 " , " D8 " , null , false , 10 , "" , "" );
excel.InsertData(be);
// add empty divider
be = new ExcelBE( 9 , 2 , "" , " B9 " , " D9 " , " GAINSBORO " , true , 10 , "" , null );
excel.InsertData(be);
}
结果如下图所示：
