1.mystery引入
1)本学期学了计算机网络,对一些网络底层的东西还是不大了解
2)目前IP网络流行3种通信模式,分别是单播/广播与组播
3)根据Internet关于IP地址的规定,IP地址分为A/B/C/D/E共5类
4)A到C类地址是目前广泛应用的普通IP地址,E类地址保留为将来使用,D类地址即为组播地址,其网络号为固定的1110(前4位)
5)若在加入一个组播组,需要利用IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,其中最重要的数据结构是struct ip_mreq
6)IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP 该选项用来从某个组播中退出
7)服务器端:主要功能是通过指定一个多播地址,创建一个多播组
8)客户端:主要功能是通过指定多播地址,加入多播组,在程序结束时,退出多播组
9)调用setsockopt()函数,设置OP_DROP_MUMBERSHIP属性来退出一个多播。
2.实例操作
1)服务器端:
//multisocketserver.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
int server_socket;
struct sockaddr_in address;
server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (server_socket < 0)
{
perror("socket");
return 0;
}
memset(&address, 0, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("224.0.0.1");
address.sin_port = htons(5555);
while(1)
{
char buf[200];
printf("input your word:>");
scanf("%s",buf);
if(sendto(server_socket, buf,sizeof(buf), 0,(struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
return ;
}
}
}
2)
客户端:
//mutisocketclient.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
struct ip_mreq multiaddress;
int serveraddress_len;
int client_socket;
struct sockaddr_in serveraddress;
/*bzero(&serveraddress, sizeof(serveraddress));*/
memset(&serveraddress, 0, sizeof(serveraddress));
serveraddress.sin_family = AF_INET;
serveraddress.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serveraddress.sin_port = htons(5555);
if((client_socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
{
perror("socket");
return 0;
}
int opt = 1;
if(setsockopt(client_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,&opt, sizeof(opt)) < 0)
{
perror("setsockopt:SO_REUSEADDR");
return 0;
}
if(bind(client_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddress, sizeof(serveraddress)) < 0)
{
perror("bind");
return 0;
}
// 在同一个主机上进行广播设置套接口
multiaddress.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("224.0.0.1");
multiaddress.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
//加入广播组
if (setsockopt(client_socket,IPPROTO_IP,IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,&multiaddress, sizeof(multiaddress)) < 0)
{
perror("IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP");
return 0;
}
while(1)
{
char buf[200];
serveraddress_len = sizeof(serveraddress);
if(recvfrom(client_socket, buf, 200, 0,(struct sockaddr *)&serveraddress, &serveraddress_len) < 0)
{
perror("recvfrom");
}
printf("msg from server: %s\n", buf);
if(strcmp(buf,"quit") == 0)
{
if(setsockopt(client_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP,&multiaddress, sizeof(multiaddress)) < 0)
{
perror("setsockopt:IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP");
}
close(client_socket);
return 0;
}
}
}
3.mystery注解
1)效果图
2)由上图可见,程序依然没有达到目的,在组播组内的成员依然没有收到组播消息
3)查看源代码并没有找到相应的错误,需要单步调试对程序进行跟踪
4)多播底层实现如源代码所示,类似于QQ里面的群消息