要在linux上实现网页服务器需要Apache这个服务器软件,但Apache仅能实现静态网站数据而已,想要实现动态就要php和mysql的支持,所以将会以(Linux + Apache + Mysql + PHP)作为安装与设置的介绍。
LAMP需要下面几个软件:httpd、mysql、mysql-server、php、php-devel、php-mysql
httpd-2.4.4需要较新版本的apr和apr-util,因此需要事先对其进行升级。升级方式有两种,一种是通过源代码编译安装,一种是直接升级rpm包。这里选择使用编译源代码的方式进行,
要想连接apache与mysql,需要应用程序,所以用到php,安装php
首先,我们需要准备好安装环境,”Development Libraries“ ”Development Tools“,还有记得关闭selinux
1.编译安装apr,首先需要下载源码,(www.apache.org 自行下载apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2)
(1) 进行编译安装apr
# tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
# cd apr-1.4.6
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr (指定被安装的位置)
# make && make install
(2)编译安装apr-util
# tar xf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2
# cd apr-util-1.5.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr(所依赖的工具包的位置)
# make && make install
2.编译安装httpd-2.4.4,需要自行下载
(1)编译安装httpd-2.4.4
# tar xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.4.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpm-shared=all --with-mpm=event
<注:因为这个编译依赖于pcre软件包,需要事先安装pcre.i386 、pcre-devel.i386软件包)
# make && make install
(2)修改httpd的配置文件,设置pid文件的路径:(可方便Apache软件管理)
#vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf 添加如下行:
PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
(3)为httpd提供服务脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=$?
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
记得赋予执行权限,
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
加入到服务列表之中
#chkconfig --add httpd
#chkconfig httpd on
#chkconfig --list httpd 这一步是进行查看,是否增加到服务列表及开机自启
可以启动服务进行测试了;
3.编译安装mysql,首先下载平台对应的mysql版本至本地,其源码名字为mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz
(1)准备存放数据的文件系统,因为数据随着时间的增长会不断的扩大,所以这里建议用逻辑卷,方便以后增加硬盘方便
假设逻辑卷为/mydata/data作为mysql的存放位置
对磁盘进行再次分区,建立逻辑卷,并格式化为ext3文件系统,
# pvcreate /dev/sda5
# vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5
# lvcreate -l 4000 -n lv1 myvg(-l后面的数字代表的是pe的个数,可以使用vgdisplay进行查看)
建立/mydata/data目录,把逻辑分区挂载于所建目录下
编辑/etc/fstab文件,使其开机自行挂载
(2)新建用户以安全方式运行程序
# groupadd -r mysql
# useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /mydata/data mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data
(3)安装mysql-5.5.28,进行初始化
# tar xf mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local
# cd /usr/local/
# ln -sv mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686 mysql
# cd mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql .(初始化安装得是mysql用户,mysql组)
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
# chown -R root .
(4)配置mysql的主配置文件
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
修改文件thread_concurrency = 2,还需要添加mysql数据的指定的存放文件datadir= /mydata/data
(5)为mysql提供服务脚本
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
这样就可以启动服务了;
*注:安装步骤可查看如下文档
# vim INSTALL-BINARY
4.编译安装php,请配置好yum源(可以是本地系统光盘)后执行如下命令:
# yum -y groupinstall "X Software Development"
如果想让编译的php支持mcrypt扩展,此处还需要下载安装
libmcrypt-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
libmcrypt-devel-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
(可以在rpmfind.net找到,下载与平台好人操作系统对应的安装包)
(1)编译安装,这里以php-5.4.13为例
# tar xf php-5.4.13.tar.bz2
# cd php-5.4.13
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2
# make
# make intall
(2)为php提供配置文件:
# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
(3)vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
添加AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
修改为DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
5.安装xcache,为php加速:
(1)安装
# tar xf xcache-3.0.1.tar.gz
# cd xcache-3.0.1
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 准备好扩展进行编译
# make && make install
安装结束时,会出现类似如下行:
Installing sharedextensions:
/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/
(2)编辑php.ini,整合php和xcache:
首先将xcache提供的样例配置导入php.ini
# mkdir /etc/php.d
# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d
说明:xcache.ini文件在xcache的源码目录中。
接下来编辑/etc/php.d/xcache.ini,找到zend_extension开头的行,修改为如下行:
zend_extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/xcache.so
注意:如果php.ini文件中有多条zend_extension指令行,要确保此新增的行排在第一位。
启用状态页面的方法很简单,只需要在主配置文件中添加如下内容即可:
vim /etc/htpd/httpd.conf
<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
Require all granted
</Location>
Ok!这就完成啦