实用的LAMP配置

 

要在linux上实现网页服务器需要Apache这个服务器软件,但Apache仅能实现静态网站数据而已,想要实现动态就要php和mysql的支持,所以将会以(Linux + Apache + Mysql + PHP)作为安装与设置的介绍。
LAMP需要下面几个软件:httpd、mysql、mysql-server、php、php-devel、php-mysql
httpd-2.4.4需要较新版本的apr和apr-util,因此需要事先对其进行升级。升级方式有两种,一种是通过源代码编译安装,一种是直接升级rpm包。这里选择使用编译源代码的方式进行,
要想连接apache与mysql,需要应用程序,所以用到php,安装php
首先,我们需要准备好安装环境,”Development Libraries“ ”Development Tools“,还有记得关闭selinux
1.编译安装apr,首先需要下载源码,(www.apache.org 自行下载apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2)
(1) 进行编译安装apr
         # tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
         # cd apr-1.4.6
         # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr   (指定被安装的位置)
         # make && make install
(2)编译安装apr-util
         # tar xf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2
         # cd apr-util-1.5.2
         # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr(所依赖的工具包的位置)
         # make && make install
        
2.编译安装httpd-2.4.4,需要自行下载
(1)编译安装httpd-2.4.4
         # tar xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2
    # cd httpd-2.4.4
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpm-shared=all --with-mpm=event
         <注:因为这个编译依赖于pcre软件包,需要事先安装pcre.i386 、pcre-devel.i386软件包)
         # make && make install
(2)修改httpd的配置文件,设置pid文件的路径:(可方便Apache软件管理)
         #vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf   添加如下行:
         PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
(3)为httpd提供服务脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
        
         #!/bin/bash
         #
         # httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
         #
         # chkconfig: - 85 15
         # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
         #              HTML files and CGI.
         # processname: httpd
         # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
         # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
         # pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
        
         # Source function library.
         . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
        
         if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
                            . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
         fi
        
         # Start httpd in the C locale by default.
         HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
        
         # This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
         # mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
         INITLOG_ARGS=""
 
         # Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
         # with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
         # work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
 
         # Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
         apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
         httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
         prog=httpd
         pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
         lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
         RETVAL=0
 
         start() {
                            echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
                            LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
                            RETVAL=$?
                            echo
                            [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
                            return $RETVAL
         }
 
         stop() {
                   echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
                   killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
                   RETVAL=$?
                   echo
                   [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
         }
         reload() {
                   echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
                   if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
                            RETVAL=$?
                            echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
                            failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
                   else
                            killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
                            RETVAL=$?
                   fi
                   echo
         }
 
         # See how we were called.
         case "$1" in
         start)
                   start
                   ;;
         stop)
                   stop
                   ;;
         status)
                            status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
                   RETVAL=$?
                   ;;
         restart)
                   stop
                   start
                   ;;
         condrestart)
                   if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
                            stop
                            start
                   fi
                   ;;
         reload)
                            reload
                   ;;
         graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
                   $apachectl $@
                   RETVAL=$?
                   ;;
         *)
                   echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
                   exit 1
         esac
 
         exit $RETVAL
         记得赋予执行权限,
         # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
         加入到服务列表之中
         #chkconfig --add httpd
         #chkconfig httpd on
         #chkconfig --list httpd 这一步是进行查看,是否增加到服务列表及开机自启
         可以启动服务进行测试了;
        
3.编译安装mysql,首先下载平台对应的mysql版本至本地,其源码名字为mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz
(1)准备存放数据的文件系统,因为数据随着时间的增长会不断的扩大,所以这里建议用逻辑卷,方便以后增加硬盘方便
         假设逻辑卷为/mydata/data作为mysql的存放位置
                   对磁盘进行再次分区,建立逻辑卷,并格式化为ext3文件系统,
                   # pvcreate /dev/sda5
                   # vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5
               # lvcreate -l 4000 -n lv1 myvg(-l后面的数字代表的是pe的个数,可以使用vgdisplay进行查看)        
                   建立/mydata/data目录,把逻辑分区挂载于所建目录下
                   编辑/etc/fstab文件,使其开机自行挂载
(2)新建用户以安全方式运行程序
         # groupadd -r mysql
         # useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /mydata/data mysql
         # chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data
(3)安装mysql-5.5.28,进行初始化
         # tar xf mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local
         # cd /usr/local/
         # ln -sv mysql-5.5.28-linux2.6-i686 mysql
         # cd mysql
 
         # chown -R mysql:mysql .(初始化安装得是mysql用户,mysql组)
         # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
         # chown -R root .
(4)配置mysql的主配置文件
         # cd /usr/local/mysql
         # cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
         修改文件thread_concurrency = 2,还需要添加mysql数据的指定的存放文件datadir= /mydata/data
(5)为mysql提供服务脚本
         # cd /usr/local/mysql
         # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
         # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
         这样就可以启动服务了;
         *注:安装步骤可查看如下文档
         # vim INSTALL-BINARY
4.编译安装php,请配置好yum源(可以是本地系统光盘)后执行如下命令:
         # yum -y groupinstall "X Software Development"
         如果想让编译的php支持mcrypt扩展,此处还需要下载安装
         libmcrypt-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
         libmcrypt-devel-2.5.7-5.el5.i386.rpm
         (可以在rpmfind.net找到,下载与平台好人操作系统对应的安装包)
(1)编译安装,这里以php-5.4.13为例
         # tar xf php-5.4.13.tar.bz2
         # cd php-5.4.13
 # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl  --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2
         # make
         # make intall
(2)为php提供配置文件:
         # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
(3)vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
添加AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
     AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
修改为DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
5.安装xcache,为php加速:
(1)安装
         # tar xf xcache-3.0.1.tar.gz
         # cd xcache-3.0.1
         # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
         # ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 准备好扩展进行编译
         # make && make install
 
         安装结束时,会出现类似如下行:
 Installing  sharedextensions:     /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/
(2)编辑php.ini,整合php和xcache:
         首先将xcache提供的样例配置导入php.ini
         # mkdir /etc/php.d
         # cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d
 
         说明:xcache.ini文件在xcache的源码目录中。
         接下来编辑/etc/php.d/xcache.ini,找到zend_extension开头的行,修改为如下行:
         zend_extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/xcache.so
         注意:如果php.ini文件中有多条zend_extension指令行,要确保此新增的行排在第一位。
         启用状态页面的方法很简单,只需要在主配置文件中添加如下内容即可:
         vim /etc/htpd/httpd.conf
         <Location /server-status>
                   SetHandler server-status
                   Require all granted
         </Location>
Ok!这就完成啦

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