CentOS/RHEL/Oracle Linux 安装oracle database 11g
测试环境：vmware workstation 9、CentOS Linux 5.4、Oracle database 11g
测试目的：学习笔记方便查阅
参考网站：http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage
说 明：Oracle Linux 和CentOS Linux是用RHEL的源码重新编译而成的，所以这三种系统一样
1、新建虚拟机
根据官方文档，oracle database 11g 安装，内存最小为1G，建议2G或者2G以上
2、安装操作系统
安装的时候把/tmp单独分出一个分区，最小为1G，安装oracle的时候会检查
安装软件的的时候选择自定义，安装x图形、安装开发工具、安装x软件开发
3、安装vmtool工具
如果不安装vmtool工具，linux的屏幕分辨率不能调整；
如果不安装此工具，可以用Xmanager 远程linux系统的桌面
然后以root身份进入linux系统进行安装
3.1挂载vmtool盘
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) /dev/hdc on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)
3.2解压安装包
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf /mnt/VMwareTools-9.2.0-799703.tar.gz
3.3安装程序包
[root@localhost ~]# ll vmware-tools-distrib/ -d drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 2012-08-02 vmware-tools-distrib/ [root@localhost ~]# cd vmware-tools-distrib/ [root@localhost vmware-tools-distrib]# ./vmware-install.pl
在安装过程中，一路回车即可，在提示选择屏幕分辨率的时候，选择需要的屏幕分辨率即可
如下：
Please choose one of the following display sizes that X will start with: [1] "320x200" [2] "320x240" [3] "400x300" [4] "512x384" [5] "640x400" [6] "640x480" [7] "720x480" [8] "800x480" [9] "854x480" [10] "720x576" [11] "800x600" [12] "1024x768" [13] "1280x720" [14] "1280x768" [15] "1152x864" [16] "1280x800" [17] "1366x768" [18] "1280x960" [19] "1440x900" [20] "1280x1024" [21] "1400x1050" [22] "1680x1050" [23] "1600x1200" [24] "1920x1080" [25] "1920x1200" [26] "1920x1440" [27] "2048x1536" [28] "2560x1600" [29] "2560x1920" Please enter a number between 1 and 29: [3] 11
注意，这个11是我选择的，然后回车
这个重启才会生效
4、关闭不相关的服务
方法一：
[root@localhost ~]# setup
方法二：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list NetworkManager 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭 acpid 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 anacron 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 apmd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 atd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 auditd 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 autofs 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 avahi-daemon 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 ……（省略部分）
关闭iptables服务
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep iptables iptables 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep iptables iptables 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭 [root@localhost ~]#
关闭SElinux（不关闭会有很多莫名其妙的错误）
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
修改成如下
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - SELinux is fully disabled. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are: # targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected. # strict - Full SELinux protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted ~ "/etc/sysconfig/selinux" 10L, 447C 6,1 全部
重启生效
5、修改主机名，修改IP地址
5.1修改IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
内容如下
# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static BROADCAST=192.168.100.255 HWADDR=00:0C:29:B0:29:09 IPADDR=192.168.100.200 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.100.0 ONBOOT=yes ~
重新启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart 正在关闭接口 eth0： [确定] 关闭环回接口： [确定] 弹出环回接口： [确定] 弹出界面 eth0： [确定] [root@localhost ~]#
查看IP
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B0:29:09
inet addr:192.168.100.200 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb0:2909/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2973 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4874 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:213076 (208.0 KiB) TX bytes:864952 (844.6 KiB)
Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2000
[root@localhost ~]#
5.2修改主机名，修改网关
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
内容如下
NETWORKING=yes NETWORKING_IPV6=no HOSTNAME=night GATEWAY=192.168.100.254 ~
重新登录shell 就会生效
5.3修改hosts文件（这个非常重要）
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/hosts
内容如下
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs # that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost #::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 192.168.100.200 night ~ ~
将原来的IPv6的那一行注释掉
添加一行，让本机的IP和hostname解析
6、用root用户登录检查硬件环境
[root@night ~]# uname -m
i686
[root@night ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1189 1169 20 0 84 882
-/+ buffers/cache: 202 987
Swap: 2392 0 2392
[root@night ~]# df -Th /tmp/
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 ext3 1.4G 35M 1.3G 3% /tmp
[root@night ~]#
[root@night ~]# df -Th 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/sda2 ext3 16G 3.5G 12G 24% / /dev/sda3 ext3 1.4G 35M 1.3G 3% /tmp /dev/sda1 ext3 99M 12M 83M 13% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 595M 0 595M 0% /dev/shm [root@night ~]#
我的硬件架构、内存、swap、磁盘分区都符合最小要求
7、检查软件环境，并安装依赖的软件包
7.1检查系统内核，系统发布版本
[root@night ~]# cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.18-164.el5 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 03:33:56 EDT 2009 [root@night ~]# uname -r 2.6.18-164.el5 [root@night ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 5.4 (Final) [root@night ~]#
以下是Oracle Database 11g 对系统内核的要求
For Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4:
2.6.9 or later
For Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5:
2.6.18 or later
For Oracle Linux 6:
2.6.32.100 or later
For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6:
2.6.32-71 or later
For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10:
2.6.16.21 or later
On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11:
2.6.27.19 or later
7.2安装依赖的软件包
Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5,CentOS Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 should be installed:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6、compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3、elfutils-libelf-0.125、elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125、
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125、gcc-4.1.2、gcc-c++-4.1.2、glibc-2.5-24、glibc-common-2.5、
glibc-devel-2.5、glibc-headers-2.5、kernel-headers-2.6.18、ksh-20060214、libaio-0.3.106、
libaio-devel-0.3.106 、libgcc-4.1.2、libgomp-4.1.2、libstdc++-4.1.2、 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2、
make-3.81、sysstat-7.0.2、libXp-1.0、pdksh、numactl-devel、cpp、nscd、unixODBC、unixODBC-devel
Oracle Linux 6, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 should be installed:
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6.i686、compat-libcap1-1.10-1.i686、compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686、
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、glibc-2.12-1.7.el6.i686、
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686、ksh、libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686、libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686、libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686、
make-3.81-19.el6.i686、sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6.i686、unixODBC、unixODBC-devel
如果安装ksh 不能通过的话，可以从版本5的盘上拷贝pdksh进行安装
8、创建用户和组
[root@night ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@night ~]# groupadd dba [root@night ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@night ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@night ~]# id oracle uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh9、创建Oracle的安装目录，并且修改权限
[root@night ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app [root@night ~]# mkdir -p /u01/install [root@night ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/ [root@night ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/ [root@night ~]# ll -d /u01/ drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 07-23 16:41 /u01/ [root@night ~]# ll /u01/ 总计 16 drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 07-23 16:40 app drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 07-23 16:41 install [root@night ~]#10、配置Oracle用户的环境变量
[root@night ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile内容如下
# .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH ####for oracle install export TMPDIR=/tmp export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product export ORACLE_SID=thinkdba export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_BASE:$ORACLE_HOME/bin ~切换Oracle用户，使环境变量生效
[root@night ~]# su - oracle [oracle@night ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@night ~]$ env | grep ORACLE ORACLE_SID=thinkdba ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_TERM=xterm ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product [oracle@night ~]$查看PATH
[oracle@night ~]$ echo $PATH /usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/u01/app/oracle:/u01/app/oracle/product/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/u01/app/oracle:/u01/app/oracle/product/bin [oracle@night ~]$11、配置内核参数
[oracle@night ~]$ su - 口令： [root@night ~]# [root@night ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf内容如下
……（省略部分） # Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall = 268435456 #######for oracle install fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 "/etc/sysctl.conf" 47L, 1328C设置生效
[root@night ~]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmall = 268435456 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 [root@night ~]#12、修改资源限制
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf内容如下
……（省略部分） #@student - maxlogins 4 # End of file ##########for oracle install oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 1024013、修改pam认证
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login内容如下
……（省略部分） session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke ########for oracle install session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so14、伪装系统
Oracle Linux和RHEL系统不需要，此操作针对CentOS Linux系统
[root@night ~]# vim /etc/redhat-release内容如下
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 5(Final)如Oracl果是e Database 10g 则需要伪装为版本4
15、上传Oracle Database 11g软件包到Linux系统
上传工具很多，只要支持sftp就可以，我个人喜好filezilla，最好使用Oracle账户上传
16、用Oracle用户登录桌面系统，解压Linux，并安装
[oracle@night ~]$ cd /u01/install/ [oracle@night install]$ ls linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [oracle@night install]$ [oracle@night install]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip ……（解压过程省略） [oracle@night install]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip ……（解压过程省略） [oracle@night install]$ ls database linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [oracle@night install]$ [oracle@night install]$ du -sh ./ 4.4G ./ [oracle@night install]$ cd database/ [oracle@night database]$ ls doc install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html [oracle@night database]$ pwd /u01/install/database [oracle@night database]$确认一切都正常后，开始执行安装
17、安装图解
18、手动启动Oracle数据库
首先用Oracle用户登录
[root@night ~]# su - oracle [oracle@night ~]$ clear [oracle@night ~]$ env | grep ORACLE ORACLE_SID=thinkdba ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_TERM=xterm ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product [oracle@night ~]$ [oracle@night ~]$ clear [oracle@night ~]$ ps -ef | grep oracle root 3949 3900 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 su - oracle oracle 3950 3949 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 -bash oracle 3983 3950 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef oracle 3984 3950 0 15:54 pts/1 00:00:00 grep oracle [oracle@night ~]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 24 15:54:49 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn sys/ as sysdba Enter password: Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 481259520 bytes Fixed Size 1337352 bytes Variable Size 301991928 bytes Database Buffers 171966464 bytes Redo Buffers 5963776 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> !ps -ef | grep thinkdba oracle 4030 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_thinkdba oracle 4032 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_thinkdba oracle 4036 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_thinkdba oracle 4038 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_thinkdba oracle 4040 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_thinkdba oracle 4042 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_thinkdba oracle 4044 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_thinkdba oracle 4046 1 4 15:56 ? 00:00:03 ora_mman_thinkdba oracle 4048 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_thinkdba oracle 4050 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_thinkdba oracle 4052 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_thinkdba oracle 4054 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_thinkdba oracle 4056 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_thinkdba oracle 4058 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_thinkdba oracle 4060 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_thinkdba oracle 4062 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_thinkdba oracle 4064 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_thinkdba oracle 4111 3986 2 15:56 ? 00:00:01 oraclethinkdba (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) oracle 4114 1 0 15:56 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_thinkdba oracle 4117 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_thinkdba oracle 4119 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_thinkdba oracle 4130 1 3 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_m003_thinkdba oracle 4136 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_thinkdba oracle 4138 3986 0 15:57 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef | grep thinkdba SQL>可以看到后台进程已经启动
19、手动启动监听
SQL> !lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24-JUL-2013 16:02:20 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/night/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=night)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 24-JUL-2013 16:02:22 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 11 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/night/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=night)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully SQL>至此 全部完成， 随笔记录
