oracle 10g dataguard部署

本文档只是部署dataguard的过程，不涉及概念的解释和说明，更没有dataguard理论原理的介绍，关于这方面内容，请查看oracle官方文档。

操作系统：RedHat 4.2

[oracle@dg1 ~]$ uname -a

Linux dg1 2.6.9-22.EL #1 Mon Sep 19 18:20:28 EDT 2005 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Oracle 软件：ORACLE 10g Release 10.2.0.1.0

主机信息：

机器名：dg1 IP地址：192.168.1.90

备机信息：  

机器名：dg2 IP地址：192.168.1.91

以下操作，[root@dg1 ~]#表示主机root用户登录     [oracle@dg1 ~]$表示主机oracle用户登录

         [root@dg2 ~]#表示备机root用户登录     [oracle@dg2 ~]$表示备机oracle用户登录

操作前提：在主机dg1上，数据库软件和oracle数据库（db01）已经安装和创建完毕，在备机dg2上，只安装了oracle软件，没有数据库，物理备数据库通过RMAN命令来创建，主库的归档已经打开。

第一步：主机数据库设置force logging，只在主库上执行操作

[oracle@dg1 oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Apr 27 19:49:13 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL>  

SQL> alter database force logging;

第二步：配置主、备机器的网络环境

通过修改主、备机器tnsnames.ora 文件配置客户端连接，通过修改主、备机器的listener.ora文件配置服务器端监听，在文件中加入静态注册

文件位置都在 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/admin下

以下仅以主机dg1上的文件举例，备机文件 listener.ora中的主机ip要改成192.168.1.91

关闭监听，编辑listener.ora文件内容，在备库关闭监听的操作不需要做，备库本身就没有监听

LSNRCTL> stop

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.90)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

 (SID_LIST =

   (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = db01)

     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0)

     (SID_NAME = db01)

   )

 )

LISTENER =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.90)(PORT = 1521))

 )

启动监听 ，LSNRCTL> start

tnsnames.ora文件内容

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

DB01 =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.90)(PORT = 1521))

   )

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = db01)

   )

 )

PRIMARY =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.90)(PORT = 1521))

   )

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = db01)

   )

 )

STANDBY =

 (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.91)(PORT = 1521))

   )

   (CONNECT_DATA =

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = db01)

   )

 )

第三步：使用oracle用户在备机$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录创建口令文件，口令要和主机sys用户的口令一致，本例中是oracle

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$orapwd file=orapwdb01 password=oracle entries=5

第四步：使用oracle用户在备机上创建standby db需要的目录结构

[root@dg2 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@dg2 ~]$ pwd

/home/oracle

[oracle@dg2 ~]$ mkdir backup

[oracle@dg2 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle  

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/db01/adump

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/db01/bdump

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/db01/cdump

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/db01/ddump

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/db01/udump

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir flash_recovery_area

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir archdest

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/db01

第五步：修改主备机的参数文件，添加和编辑dataguard db环境需要的参数，此步骤也可以通过alter system命令实现，以下仅以主机dg1举例，

如果数据库是打开状态，执行下面的命令

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

关闭数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

到dbs目录下，找到initdb01.ora 使用vi编辑器添加和修改相关的参数，保存退出。具体编辑过程省略。

[oracle@dg1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ ls -l

total 6960

-rw-rw----  1 oracle oinstall    1544 Jan 13 16:16 hc_db01.dat

-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall    1421 Feb 17 17:34 initdb01.ora

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall   12920 May  3  2001 initdw.ora

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall    8385 Sep 11  1998 init.ora

-rw-rw----  1 oracle oinstall      24 Jan 13 16:17 lkDB01

-rw-rw----  1 oracle oinstall      24 Jan 14 21:00 lkPRIMARY

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall    1536 Feb 16 21:19 orapwdb01

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Jan 14 21:04 snapcf_db01.f

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall    3584 Feb 17 17:33 spfiledb01.ora

编辑后的参数文件内容如下：

主机参数文件  initdb01.ora

#***********************************************************************************

db01.__db_cache_size=142606336

db01.__java_pool_size=4194304

db01.__large_pool_size=4194304

db01.__shared_pool_size=62914560

db01.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/adump'

*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/bdump'

*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='db01'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=db01XDB)'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=50331648

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=216006656

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/udump'

# for dataguard primary DB only add by tianjie

db_unique_name  = primary

instance_name   = db01

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'

log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archdest VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=primary'

log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=standby LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=standby'

log_archive_format = %t_%s_%r.dbf

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

fal_server=standby

fal_client=primary

standby_file_management = AUTO

#***************************************************************************************

编辑参数文件后，连接数据库，从新生成spfile文件，使参数生效。

[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Feb 17 17:44:48 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                  1219160 bytes

Variable Size              88081832 bytes

Database Buffers          222298112 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

如果是在备机dg2的话，备机本身没有参数文件，可以拷贝主机dg1的参数文件到备机的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录，然后修改就可以了

备机参数文件需要改动的参数如下：

db_unique_name  = standby

log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archdest VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=standby'

log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=primary  LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=primary'

fal_server = primary

fal_client = standby

第六步：Oracle 物理备库创建（主库与备库的识别，通过提示符判断）

1.在开始做操作的时候，主数据库是在open状态。

[oracle@dg01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 6 13:10:06 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/archdest

Oldest online log sequence     3

Next log sequence to archive   5

Current log sequence           5

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@dg01 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 6 13:11:56 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DB01 (DBID=1346844761)

RMAN> backup full database include current controlfile for standby format '/home/oracle/backup/db01_std_%U.dbf'

2> plus archivelog format '/home/oracle/backup/db01_arc_%U.dbf';

Starting backup at 06-APR-10

current log archived

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=2 recid=1 stamp=715586447

input archive log thread=1 sequence=3 recid=2 stamp=715597863

input archive log thread=1 sequence=4 recid=3 stamp=715598127

input archive log thread=1 sequence=5 recid=4 stamp=715612501

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-10

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-10

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/db01_arc_0flaeoan_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20100406T131502 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08

Finished backup at 06-APR-10

Starting backup at 06-APR-10

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-10

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-10

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/db01_std_0glaeoav_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20100406T131511 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:06

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including standby control file in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-10

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-10

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/db01_std_0hlaeoet_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20100406T131511 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06

Finished backup at 06-APR-10

Starting backup at 06-APR-10

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=6 recid=5 stamp=715612644

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-10

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-10

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/db01_arc_0ilaeof4_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20100406T131724 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 06-APR-10

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/admin

[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cd

[oracle@dg1 ~]$ cd backup

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ ls

db01_arc_01ma6e3q_1_1.dbf  db01_arc_04ma6e60_1_1.dbf  db01_std_02ma6e3v_1_1.dbf  db01_std_03ma6e5s_1_1.dbf

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ ll

total 650320

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall  48220672 Apr 19 18:12 db01_arc_01ma6e3q_1_1.dbf

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall      7168 Apr 19 18:13 db01_arc_04ma6e60_1_1.dbf

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 609886208 Apr 19 18:13 db01_std_02ma6e3v_1_1.dbf

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall   7143424 Apr 19 18:13 db01_std_03ma6e5s_1_1.dbf

使用tar命令把备份文件打包，便于传递

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ tar -cvf  backup.tar *.*

db01_arc_01ma6e3q_1_1.dbf

db01_arc_04ma6e60_1_1.dbf

db01_std_02ma6e3v_1_1.dbf

db01_std_03ma6e5s_1_1.dbf

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ ll

total 1300632

-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 665262080 Apr 19 18:18 backup.tar

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall  48220672 Apr 19 18:12 db01_arc_01ma6e3q_1_1.dbf

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall      7168 Apr 19 18:13 db01_arc_04ma6e60_1_1.dbf

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 609886208 Apr 19 18:13 db01_std_02ma6e3v_1_1.dbf

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall   7143424 Apr 19 18:13 db01_std_03ma6e5s_1_1.dbf

使用scp命令copy刚刚生成的backup.tar文件到备机

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ scp backup.tar 192.168.1.91:/home/oracle/backup/.

[email protected]'s password:

backup.tar                                           100%  634MB   6.4MB/s   01:39           [oracle@dg1 backup]$

2.登录备机dg2，确认监听启动，必要的目录结构、参数文件、口令文件已经创建，启动备用数据库实例（备用数据库启动到nomount状态），就可以在主库连接从库进行恢复。

[oracle@dg2 backup]$ ll

total 650312

-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 665262080 Apr 19 18:22 backup.tar

[oracle@dg2 backup]$ tar xvf backup.tar

db01_arc_01ma6e3q_1_1.dbf

db01_arc_04ma6e60_1_1.dbf

db01_std_02ma6e3v_1_1.dbf

db01_std_03ma6e5s_1_1.dbf

[oracle@dg2 backup]$

根据在备机dg2上$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下的initdb01.ora文件，创建spfile文件，把数据库实例启动

[oracle@dg2 backup]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 19 18:29:11 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  218103808 bytes

Fixed Size                  1218604 bytes

Variable Size              71305172 bytes

Database Buffers          142606336 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

SQL>

3.回到主机dg1，进入rman工具，通过duplicate target database命令创建物理备库

[oracle@dg1 backup]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 19 18:26:09 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DB01 (DBID=1380159132)

RMAN>

RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/oracle@standby

connected to auxiliary database: DB01 (not mounted)

RMAN>  duplicate target database for standby dorecover nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 06-APR-10

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

  set until scn  498654;

  restore clone standby controlfile;

  sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 06-APR-10

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/db01_std_0hlaeoet_1_1.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/db01_std_0hlaeoet_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20100406T131511

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05

output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control01.ctl

output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control02.ctl

output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control03.ctl

Finished restore at 06-APR-10

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

contents of Memory Script:

{

  set until scn  498654;

  set newname for tempfile  1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/temp01.dbf";

  switch clone tempfile all;

  set newname for datafile  1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf";

  set newname for datafile  2 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf";

  set newname for datafile  3 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf";

  set newname for datafile  4 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf";

  set newname for datafile  5 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf";

  restore

  check readonly

  clone database

  ;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed temporary file 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 06-APR-10

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/db01_std_0glaeoav_1_1.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/db01_std_0glaeoav_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20100406T131511

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:18

Finished restore at 06-APR-10

contents of Memory Script:

{

  switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=7 stamp=715612126 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=8 stamp=715612126 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=9 stamp=715612126 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=10 stamp=715612126 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=11 stamp=715612126 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

  set until scn  498654;

  recover

  standby

  clone database

   delete archivelog

  ;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 06-APR-10

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log

archive log thread=1 sequence=6

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/db01_arc_0ilaeof4_1_1.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/db01_arc_0ilaeof4_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20100406T131724

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archdest/1_6_715576737.dbf thread=1 sequence=6

channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archdest/1_6_715576737.dbf recid=1 stamp=715612132

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

Finished recover at 06-APR-10

Finished Duplicate Db at 06-APR-10

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@dg01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 6 13:44:47 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

4.登录备机dg2，启动数据库到mount状态，启动日志应用。

[oracle@dg2 oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Apr 27 19:55:35 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                  1219184 bytes

Variable Size             138413456 bytes

Database Buffers          171966464 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

5.在主机启动数据库到open状态。

[oracle@dg1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Feb 17 21:02:24 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                  1219160 bytes

Variable Size              88081832 bytes

Database Buffers          222298112 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

第七步：在备机添加备日志文件

备重做日志文件的个数通常是oracle数据库online log文件个数多一个，如果是逻辑数据库，可以设置更多一些，备日志文件在以下三种情况需要使用：

a.主库要设置为最大保护或是最大可用模式

b.备库要使用实时应用（real apply）

c.使用级联目录

[oracle@dg2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Apr 28 23:34:29 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

MOUNTED

SQL> alter database add standby logfile

 2  group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo04.log') size 50m,

 3  group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo05.log') size 50m,

 4  group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo06.log') size 50m,

 5  group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo07.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL>

为了能够保证主机将来能够顺利的切换成备机，在主机dg1同样创建备重做日志文件。

alter database add standby logfile

group 4 （'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo04.log'） size 50m,

group 5 （'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo05.log'） size 50m，

group 6 （'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo06.log'） size 50m，

group 7 （'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo07.log'） size 50m；

检查当前机器备日志文件的个数和状态，使用如下语句：

SQL> select group#,sequence#,status from v$standby_log;

   GROUP#  SEQUENCE# STATUS

---------- ---------- ----------

        4         25 ACTIVE

        5          0 UNASSIGNED

        6          0 UNASSIGNED

        7          0 UNASSIGNED

第八步：数据库操作同步测试

在主库dg1，使用scott用户连接，删掉表demo，并创建了一张新表test

SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

DEPT                           TABLE

EMP                            TABLE

BONUS                          TABLE

SALGRADE                       TABLE

DEMO                           TABLE

SQL> select * from demo;

    EMPNO ENAME             SAL

---------- ---------- ----------

     7369 SMITH             800

     7499 ALLEN            1600

     7521 WARD             1250

SQL> drop table demo purge;

Table dropped.

SQL> create table test as select * from dept;

Table created.

SQL> select * from dept;

   DEPTNO DNAME          LOC

---------- -------------- -------------

       10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK

       20 RESEARCH       DALLAS

       30 SALES          CHICAGO

       40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

SQL>

在备库，我们看不到主库所做的操作，虽然在备库有备重做日志，但是目前备库不是实时应用（real apply）

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database open;  --不用使用read only ，oracle可以根据备库的控制文件信息判断当前库是备库，并以read only方式打开

Database altered.

SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

DEPT                           TABLE

EMP                            TABLE

BONUS                          TABLE

SALGRADE                       TABLE

DEMO                           TABLE

把备库重新至于应用redo的状态

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

MOUNTED

回到主库机器，执行一次日志切换

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

到备库机器，由于主库做了一次日志切换，备库这边会应用redo信息，我们看到，表demo删除，test表创建出来，数据同步过来了。

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;

Media recovery complete.

SQL>

SQL>

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> conn scott/tiger      

Connected.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

DEPT                           TABLE

EMP                            TABLE

BONUS                          TABLE

SALGRADE                       TABLE

TEST                           TABLE

SQL>

我们再通过添加、删除表空间的方法来测试切换日志应用和实时应用，由于我们操作的是表空间，所以备库不用打开就可以直接看到结果

首先在主库dg1，执行删除表空间userdata的动作，通过v$datafile数据字典确认

SQL> drop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

在备库dg2上，执行查询确认，我们看到数据文件删除的信息并没有被应用。

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/userdata01.dbf

6 rows selected.

回到主库dg1，我们做一次日志切换

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

再一次观察备库dg2，发现日志已经应用了，文件删除。

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

我们再来看一下实时应用的表现，首先把备数据库改为实时应用日志

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

Media recovery complete.

在主库创建表空间userdata，并检查确认

SQL> create tablespace userdata

 2  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/userdata01.dbf' size 5m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/userdata01.dbf

6 rows selected.

在备库检查确认，也马上可以看到文件

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/example01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/userdata01.dbf

6 rows selected.

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