LVM增加硬盘,调整容量

LVM是 Logical Volume Manager(逻辑卷管理)的简写,它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制,它由Heinz Mauelshagen在Linux 2.4内核上实现,目前最新版本为:稳定版1.0.5,开发版 1.1.0-rc2,以及LVM2开发版。

LVM是建立在硬盘和分区之上的一个逻辑层,来提高磁盘分区管理的灵活性


每个磁盘可以分成多个分区,每个分区相当于一个pv,将pv化分成vg,在vg的基础上创建逻辑分区lv,逻辑分区lv上创建操作系统的文件系统。注意boot需要直接建到物理分区上去的。


RedHat默认情况下是安装lvm包的。

检测操作系统是否安装了lvm

[root@rac3 ~]# rpm -qa |grep lvm
system-config-lvm-1.1.4-1.3.el4
lvm2-2.02.42-5.el4




在支持热插拔的服务器上安装一块硬盘。

先用partprobe扫描是否有新的磁盘在用fdisk -l查看磁盘,我安装的磁盘就是最后一个

Disk /dev/sdg: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes


[root@rac3 ~]# partprobe
[root@rac3 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14         140     1020127+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3             141        1305     9357862+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1          37      297171   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2              38          74      297202+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb3              75         561     3911827+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             562        1305     5976180   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1         130     1044193+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdd: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1               1         130     1044193+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sde: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sde1               1         522     4192933+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdf: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdf1               1         522     4192933+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdg: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdg doesn't contain a valid partition table


1、先对磁盘进行分区格式化

[root@rac3 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdg
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
  e   extended
  p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1  
First cylinder (1-130, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-130, default 130):
Using default value 130

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

2、创建pv,

如果想将整个磁盘创建成一个物理卷,用下面,

[root@rac3 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdg
 Physical volume "/dev/sdg" successfully created

也可以将当个分区创建成一个物理卷

[root@rac3 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdg1
 Physical volume "/dev/sdg1" successfully created

查看所有的pv

[root@rac3 ~]# pvscan
 PV /dev/sda2   VG VolGroup00      lvm2 [992.00 MB / 0    free]
 PV /dev/sda3   VG VolGroup00      lvm2 [8.91 GB / 0    free]
 PV /dev/sdf1   VG VolGroup00      lvm2 [3.97 GB / 0    free]
 PV /dev/sdg                       lvm2 [1.00 GB]
 PV /dev/sdg1                      lvm2 [1019.72 MB]
 Total: 5 [15.84 GB] / in use: 3 [13.84 GB] / in no VG: 2 [2.00 GB]

查看物理卷组

[root@rac3 ~]# vgscan
 Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
 Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2

可以看到目前只有一个物理卷组

可以将新添加的物理卷添加到这个物理卷组中

[root@rac3 ~]# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sdg1
 Volume group "VolGroup00" successfully extended

查看已经有的lv

[root@rac3 ~]# lvscan
 ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01' [12.88 GB] inherit
 ACTIVE            '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00' [992.00 MB] inherit

可以看到刚才扩展的VolGroup00上创建了两个lv

扩展系统文件占用的那个lv /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01

在扩展的时候先看看vg空闲空间

--- Volume group ---
 VG Name               VolGroup00
 System ID            
 Format                lvm2
 Metadata Areas        4
 Metadata Sequence No  8
 VG Access             read/write
 VG Status             resizable
 MAX LV                0
 Cur LV                2
 Open LV               2
 Max PV                0
 Cur PV                4
 Act PV                4
 VG Size               14.81 GB
 PE Size               32.00 MB
 Total PE              474
 Alloc PE / Size       474 / 14.81 GB
 Free  PE / Size       0 / 0                --这里显示vg的空余空间
 VG UUID               RC2l2s-SAFG-IeDh-qKiT-wDwf-bDfj-DGBoKo

扩展lv

[root@rac3 ~]# lvresize -L +0.96G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01
 Rounding up size to full physical extent 992.00 MB
 Extending logical volume LogVol01 to 13.84 GB
 Logical volume LogVol01 successfully resized

这时候需要在线重建lv

[root@rac3 ~]# ext2online /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01

查看文件系统已经添加上去了,/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01多了1G的空间

(也可用resize2fs -f /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01,但此命令网上说要先umount)

[root@rac3 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01
                      14G  7.9G  5.2G  61% /
/dev/sda1              99M   14M   81M  14% /boot
none                  196M     0  196M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdc1            1020M  145M  875M  15% /ocr
/dev/sdd1            1020M  147M  873M  15% /votingdisk


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