Perl（FastCGI）的安装

PerlFastCGI的安装

1.获取wrapper程序

读者可以从http://www.nginx.eu/nginx-fcgi/ 上下载nginx-fcgi.txt文件然后将其命名为nginx-fcgi.pl并放到/usr/local/nginx目录下。nginx-fcgi.pl是一个用Perl脚本写的wrapper实例所以操作系统必须要安装Perl程序以及相关模块。

2.安装相关的系统支持模块

可以从http://search.cpan.org下载所需的相应模块然后进行安装。

1安装FCGI模块

[root@localhost opt]# tar zxvf FCGI-0.71.tar.gz  

[root@localhost opt]# cd FCGI-0.71  

[root@localhost FCGI-0.71]# perl Makefile.PL  

[root@localhost FCGI-0.71]# make  

[root@localhost FCGI-0.71]# make install

2安装IO模块

root@localhost opt]# tar -xvzf IO-1.25.tar.gz  

[root@localhost opt]# cd IO-1.25  

[root@localhost IO-1.25]# perl Makefile.PL  

[root@localhost IO-1.25]# make  

[root@localhost IO-1.25]# make install

3安装IO-ALL模块

[root@localhost opt]# tar -xvzf IO-All-0.39.tar.gz  

[root@localhost opt]# cd IO-ALL-0.39  

[root@localhost IO-ALL-0.39]# perl Makefile.PL  

[root@localhost IO-ALL-0.39]#make  

[root@localhost IO-ALL-0.39]#make install

3.编写nginx-fcgi启动脚本

仅仅有wrapper文件是不够的还需要一个脚本来创建socket、启动wrapper以及将wrapper和socket绑定。下面通过一个shell脚本来完成这一系列工作。

[root@localhost root]# more nginx-fcgi

#!/bin/bash  

nginxroot=/usr/local/nginx  

start ()  

{  

chown www.www $nginxroot/logs  

echo "$nginxroot/nginx-fcgi.pl -l $nginxroot/logs/nginx-fcgi.log -pid $nginxroot/logs/nginx-fcgi.pid  -S  $nginxroot/logs/nginx-fcgi.sock" >>$nginxroot/nginx_fcgi.sh  

chown www.www  $nginxroot/nginx_fcgi.sh  

chmod 755 $nginxroot/nginx_fcgi.sh  

sudo -u www $nginxroot/nginx_fcgi.sh  

echo "start nginx-fcgi done"  

}  

stop ()  

{  

kill $(cat $nginxroot/logs/nginx-fcgi.pid)  

rm $nginxroot/logs/nginx-fcgi.pid 2>/dev/null  

rm $nginxroot/logs/nginx-fcgi.sock 2>/dev/null  

rm $nginxroot/nginx_fcgi.sh 2>/dev/null  

echo "stop nginx-fcgi done"  

}  

case $1 in  

stop)  

stop  

;;  

start)  

start  

;;  

restart)  

stop  

start  

;;  

*)  

echo $"Usage: perl-cgi {start|stop|restart}"  

      exit 1  

esac

在nginx-fcgi中变量nginxroot用于指定Nginx的安装目录nginx-fcgi.sock是生成的文件sockwww为运行nginx_fcgi进程的用户这个用户要和运行Nginx的用户一致

注意如果在安装nginx的时候指定运行的用户为www上面的脚本里面的进程用户也应该是www否则访问提示权限不足。

配置完脚本后将此文件放到/usr/local/nginx目录下接着通过如下方式管理nginx-fcgi进程

[root@localhost root]#chmod 755 /usr/local/nginx/nginx-fcgi.pl

[root@localhost root]#cat nginx-fcgi.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

#

#authorDaniel Dominik Rudnicki

#thanks to:Piotr Romanczuk

#email[email protected]

#version0.4.3

#webpagehttp://www.nginx.eu/

#

#BASED @ http://wiki.codemongers.com/NginxSimpleCGI

#

#

# use strict;

use FCGI;

use Getopt::Long;

use IO::All;

use Socket;

sub init {

GetOptions("h"=> \$help,

"verbose!"=>\$verbose,

"pid=s"=> \$filepid,

"l=s" => \$logfile,

"S:s"   => \$unixsocket,

"P:i"   => \$unixport) or usage();

usage() if $help;

print "Starting Nginx-fcgi\n" if $verbose;

print "Running with $> UID" if $verbose;

print "Perl $]" if $verbose;

#if ( $> == "0" ) {

#print "\n\tERROR\tRunning as a root!\n";

#print "\tSuggested not to do so !!!\n\n";

#exit 1;

#}

       if ( ! $logfile ) {

print "\n\tERROR\t log file must declared\n"

. "\tuse $0 with option -l filename\n\n";

exit 1;

}

print "Using log file $logfile\n" if $verbose;

"\n\n" >> io($logfile);

addlog($logfile, "Starting Nginx-cfgi");

addlog($logfile, "Running with $> UID");

addlog($logfile, "Perl $]");

addlog($logfile, "Testing socket options");

if ( ($unixsocket && $unixport) || (!($unixsocket) && !($unixport)) ) {

print "\n\tERROR\tOnly one option can be used!\n";

print "\tSuggested (beacuse of speed) is usage UNIX socket -S \n\n";

exit 1;

}

if ($unixsocket) {

print "Daemon listening at UNIX socket $unixsocket\n" if $versbose;

addlog($logfile, "Deamon listening at UNIX socket $unixsocket");

} else {

print "Daemon listening at TCP/IP socket *:$unixport\n" if $verbose;

#

addlog($logfile, "Daemon listening at TCP/IP socket *:$unixport");

}

if ( -e $filepid ) {

print "\n\tERROR\t PID file $filepid already exists\n\n";

addlog($logfile, "Can not use PID file $filepid, already exists.");

exit 1;

}

if ( $unixsocket ) {

print "Creating UNIX socket\n" if $verbose;

$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( $unixsocket, 10 );

if ( !$socket) {

print "Couldn't create socket\n";

addlog($logfile, "Couldn't create socket");

exit 1;

}

print "Using UNIX socket $unixsocket\n" if $verbose;

} else {

print "Creating TCP/IP socket\n" if $verbose;

$portnumber = ":".$unixport;

$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( $unixport, 10 );

if ( !$socket ) {

print "Couldn't create socket\n";

addlog($logfile, "Couldn't create socket");

exit 1;

}

print " Using port $unixport\n" if $verbose;

}

addlog($logfile, "Socket created");

if ( ! $filepid ) {

print "\n\tERROR\t PID file must declared\n"

. "\tuse $0 with option -pid filename\n\n";

exit 1;

}

print "Using PID file $filepid\n" if $verbose;

addlog($logfile, "Using PID file $filepid");

my $pidnumber = $$;

$pidnumber > io($filepid);

print " PID number $$\n" if $verbose;

addlog($logfile, "PID number $pidnumber");

}

sub addzero {

my ($date) = shift;

if ($date < 10) {

return "0$date";

}

      return $date;

}

sub logformat {

my ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$iddst) = localtime(time);

my $datestring;

$year += 1900;

$mon++;

$mon  = addzero($mon);

$mday = addzero($mday);

$min  = addzero($min);

$datestring = "$year-$mon-$mday $hour:$min";

return($datestring);

}

sub addlog {

my ($log_file, $log_message) = @_;

my $curr_time = logformat();

my $write_message = "[$curr_time]   $log_message";

$write_message >> io($log_file);

"\n" >> io($log_file);

}

sub printerror {

my $message = @_;

print "\nNginx FastCGI\tERROR\n"

. "\t $message\n\n";

exit 1;

}

sub usage {

print "\nNginx FastCGI \n"

. "\n\tusage: $0 [-h] -S string -P int\n"

. "\n\t-h\t\t: this (help) message"

. "\n\t-S path\t\t: path for UNIX socket"

. "\n\t-P port\t\t: port number"

. "\n\t-p file\t\t: path for pid file"

. "\n\t-l file\t\t: path for logfile"

. "\n\n\texample: $0 -S /var/run/nginx-perl_cgi.sock -l /var/log/nginx/nginx-cfgi.log -pid /var/run/nginx-fcgi.pid\n\n";

exit 1;

}

init;

#

END() { } BEGIN() { }

*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=".shift()."\n"; }; eval q{exit};

if ($@) {

exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/;

} ;

# fork part

my $pid = fork();

if( $pid == 0 ) {

&main;

exit 0;

}

print " Forking worker process with PID $pid\n" if $verbose;

addlog($logfile, "Forking worker process with PID $pid");

print " Update PID file $filepid\n" if $verbose;

addlog($logfile, "Update PID file $filepid");

$pid > io($filepid);

print "Worker process running.\n" if $verbose;

addlog ($logfile, "Parent process $$ is exiting");

exit 0;

sub main {

$request = FCGI::Request( \*STDIN, \*STDOUT, \*STDERR, \%req_params, $socket );

if ($request) { request_loop()};

FCGI::CloseSocket( $socket );

}

sub request_loop {

while( $request->Accept() >= 0 ) {

# processing any STDIN input from WebServer (for CGI-POST actions)

$stdin_passthrough = '';

$req_len = 0 + $req_params{'CONTENT_LENGTH'};

if (($req_params{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') && ($req_len != 0) ){

while ($req_len) {

$stdin_passthrough .= getc(STDIN);

$req_len--;

}

}

# running the cgi app

if ( (-x $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) &&

(-s $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) &&

(-r $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME})

){

foreach $key ( keys %req_params){

$ENV{$key} = $req_params{$key};

}

if ( $verbose ) {

addlog($logfile, "running $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}");

}

# http://perldoc.perl.org/perlipc.html#Safe-Pipe-Opens

#

open $cgi_app, '-|', $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}, $stdin_passthrough or print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"); print "Error: CGI app returned no output - Executing $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} failed !\n"; # addlog($logfile, "Error: CGI app returned no output - Executing $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} failed !");

if ($cgi_app) {

print <$cgi_app>;

close $cgi_app;

}

} else {

print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");

print "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not exist or is not executable by this process.\n";

addlog($logfile, "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not exist or is not executable by this process.");

}

}

}

上面的文件可以从goole上下载。

[root@localhost root]#chmod 755 /usr/local/nginx/nginx-fcgi

[root@localhost root]#/usr/local/nginx/nginx-fcgi start|stop|restart

1.8.2　为Nginx添加FCGI支持

修改Nginx配置文件在server虚拟主机中添加如下配置

location ~ \.cgi$ {  

     root            html;  

     fastcgi_pass    unix:/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx-fcgi.sock;  

     fastcgi_index   index.cgi;  

     fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;  

     include         fastcgi_params;  

}

在这个location配置中Nginx与FastCGI的通信方式为Unix Socket。根据经验IP Socket在高并发访问下比Unix Socket稳定但Unix Socket速度要比IP Socket快。 “$document_root”是虚拟主机的根目录在这里是/usr/local/nginx/html目录。

1.8.3　测试Nginx +Perl(FastCGI)

所有配置工作完成后即可启动服务了。首先启动nginx-fcgi进程操作如下

/usr/local/nginx/nginx-fcgi start

然后启动nginx服务。

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

下面在/usr/local/nginx/html目录下创建一个test.cgi的文件。

# disable filename globbing  

set -f  

echo "Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1"  

echo  

echo CGI/1.0 test script report:  

echo  

echo argc is $#. argv is "$*".  

echo  

echo SERVER_SOFTWARE = $SERVER_SOFTWARE  

echo SERVER_NAME = $SERVER_NAME  

echo GATEWAY_INTERFACE = $GATEWAY_INTERFACE  

echo SERVER_PROTOCOL = $SERVER_PROTOCOL  

echo SERVER_PORT = $SERVER_PORT  

echo REQUEST_METHOD = $REQUEST_METHOD  

echo REMOTE_ADDR = $REMOTE_ADDR

接着通过浏览器访问test.cgi文件如果显示与下面类似的信息表明Nginx+Perl环境搭建成功。