nginx+php

注：本文很多源码包都源自sourceforge.net，我直接wget的时候不允许下载，URL都已经给出具体怎么下载合适，请读者自己做主！本文所有的软件包来源的URL均来官网

1、安装LNMP所依赖的软件包组件

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel openssl-devel mysql-devel  libxml2-devel patch bzip2 bzip2-devel curl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel  libpng-devel  libpng freetype freetype-devel openldap  openldap-devel perl-CPAN bison ncurses-devel

2、下载安装libiconv

wget  http: //ftp .gnu.org /pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1 .14. tar .gz
tar xf libiconv-1.14. tar .gz
cd libiconv-1.14
. /configure --prefix= /usr/local/
make && make install

3、下载安装libmcrypt(mhash,mcrypt,libmcrypt是我这边线上开发要用的扩展，读者可以自行选择是否安装)

wget http: //sourceforge .net /projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2 .5.8 /libmcrypt-2 .5.8. tar .gz /download
cp /root/ 下载 /libmcrypt-2 .5.8. tar .gz  .  sourceforge好像不允许直接wget下载
tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.8. tar .bz2
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
. /configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
. /configure -- enable -ltdl- install
make && make install

4、下载安装mhash

wget  http: //sourceforge.net/projects/mhash/files/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz/download
cp /root/下载/mhash- 0.9 . 9.9 .tar.gz  .
tar xf mhash- 0.9 . 9.9 .tar.bz2
cd mhash- 0.9 . 9.9
./configure
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so. 4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so. 4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so. 4.4 . 8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so. 4.4 . 8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so. 2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so. 2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so. 2.0 . 1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so. 2.0 . 1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

5、下载安装mcrypt

wget  http: //sourceforge .net /projects/mcrypt/files/latest/download
cp /root/ 下载 /mcrypt-2 .6.8. tar .gz  .
tar xf mcrypt-2.6.8. tar .gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8
. /configure
make && make install

6、添加Nginx运行所需的用户、组

groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx nginx

7、下载解压Nginx

wget http: //nginx .org /download/nginx-1 .4.5. tar .gz
tar xf nginx-1.4.5. tar .gz

8、为了避免在http响应的时候会出现Nginx等的信息，我们在编译的时候可以稍作配置自定义一个信息！

cd nginx- 1.4 . 5 /src/http/
vim ngx_http_header_filter_module.c
修改以下两行：
static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: nginx" CRLF;
static char ngx_http_server_full_string[] = "Server: " NGINX_VER CRLF;
修改为：
static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: XZWeb 1.0" CRLF;                                   #XZWeb为想要显示的名称
static char ngx_http_server_full_string[] = "Server:  XZWeb 1.0" NGINX_VER CRLF;                   #XZWeb为想要显示的名称

9、编译安装Nginx

. /configure \
--prefix= /usr \
--sbin-path= /usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path= /etc/nginx/nginx .conf \
--error-log-path= /var/log/nginx/error .log \
--http-log-path= /var/log/nginx/access .log \
--pid-path= /var/run/nginx/nginx .pid  \
--lock-path= /var/lock/nginx .lock \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
--http-proxy-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--with-pcre
make && make install

10、编写Nginx启动脚本

vim /etc/rc .d /init .d /nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx= "/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$( basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE= "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile= /var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:' `
for opt in $options; do
if [ ` echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path' ` ]; then
value=` echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}

start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $ "Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval - eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}

stop() {
echo -n $ "Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval - eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}

restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}

reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $ "Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}

force_reload() {
restart
}

configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
rh_status > /dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $ "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac

11、添加Nginx为系统服务并设置开机自启动

chmod +x /etc/rc .d /init .d /nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on

12、修改Nginx配置文件，屏蔽http响应信息中的Nginx版本等信息

  在http{}端添加server_tokens = off；

13、链接复制linux一些64位的库文件防止在安装PHP的时候报错

cp -frp /usr/lib64/libjpeg .* /usr/lib
cp -frp /usr/lib64/libpng * /usr/lib
cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap * /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient .so.16.0.0 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient .so
ln -s /usr/lib/libmysqlclient .so /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient .so

14、下载安装PHP

wget  http: //cn2 .php.net /get/php-5 .5.9. tar .gz /from/this/mirror
tar xf  php-5.5.9
cd php-5.5.9
. /configure --prefix= /data/install/php --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-iconv- dir = /usr/local --with-freetype- dir --with-jpeg- dir --with-png- dir --with-zlib  --with-libxml- dir = /usr -- enable -xml  --disable-rpath      -- enable -bcmath   -- enable -shmop   -- enable -sysvsem   -- enable -inline-optimization  -- enable -mbregex     -- enable -fpm    -- enable -mbstring   --with-mcrypt   --with-gd   -- enable -gd-native-ttf   --with-openssl   --with-mhash   -- enable -pcntl   -- enable -sockets   --with-ldap   --with-ldap-sasl   --with-xmlrpc   -- enable -zip   -- enable -soap   --with-config- file -path= /etc --with-config- file -scan- dir = /etc/php .d   --with-bz2
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS= '-liconv'
make test
make intall

15、为PHP提供配置文件

cp php.ini-production /etc/php .ini

16、为php-fpm提供Sysv init脚本，并将其添加至服务列表

cp sapi /fpm/init .d.php-fpm   /etc/rc .d /init .d /php-fpm
chmod +x /etc/rc .d /init .d /php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig php-fpm on

17、为php-fpm提供配置文件

cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm .conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm .conf

18、编辑php-fpm的配置文件(此处只贴一些我修改过的，具体还有哪些需要修改会在另一篇中补充)

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm .conf
配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值，并启用pid文件（如下最后一行）：
pm.max_children = 150
pm.start_servers = 8
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
pid = /data/install/php/var/run/php-fpm .pid

19、接下来就可以启动php-fpm了

service php-fpm start

20、使用如下命令来验正（如果此命令输出有中几个php-fpm进程就说明启动成功了）

ps -ef | grep php-fpm

21、下载安装memcache扩展(PHP连接memcached服务器的扩展)

cd /data/software/src/
wget http: //pecl .php.net /get/memcache-2 .2.7.tgz
tar xf memcache-2.2.6.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.6
/data/install/php/bin/phpize
. /configure --with-php-config= /data/install/php/bin/php-config
make && make install

22、下载安装xcache扩展

wget  http: //xcache .lighttpd.net /pub/Releases/3 .1.0 /xcache-3 .1.0. tar .gz
tar xf xcache-3.1.0. tar .gz
cd xcache-3.1.0
/data/install/php/bin/phpize
. /configure -- enable -xcache --with-php-config= /data/install/php/bin/php-config
make && make install

23、配置PHP文件，添加扩展

vim /etc/php .ini
extension_dir = "/data/install/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20121212/"
[memcache]
extension = "memcache.so"
[xcache]
extension = "xcache.so"
Xcache.size = 128M
Xcache.count = 2
Xcache.ttl = 86400
Xcache.gc_interval = 3600
Xcache.var_size = 0

24、查看扩展是否加载成功

/data/install/php/bin/php - v #查看下xcache信息，此处先看下xcache跟zend的，其他的可以在phpinfo中查看；
#有关xcache的详细官方配置介绍  http://xcache.lighttpd.net/wiki/XcacheIni

25、修改下php-fpm的配置文件，适应线上环境(此处只给出我修改的一些项目，具体还能改哪些会在后面的博文中补充)

pid = /data/install/php/var/run/php-fpm .pid
error_log = /data/logs/php-fpm-error .log
log_level = notice
emergency_restart_threshold = 10
emergency_restart_interval = 1m
process_control_timeout = 5s
daemonize = yes
user = nobody
group = nobody
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
pm.max_children = 192
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35

26、配置fastcgi

vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI /1 .1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

27、重启php-fpm

service php-fpm restart

28、修改Nginx配置文件，使其适合线上环境

vim /etc/nginx/nginx .conf
user  nobody;
worker_processes  4;
error_log   /data/logs/error .log crit;
worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 20480;     #可以直接设置为65535
pid         /data/logs/nginx .pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections  20480;   #可以直接设置成65535，注意尽量跟上面的设置统一
}
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application /octet-stream ;
log_format  main   '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' ;
charaset utf-8;
server_tokens   off;
sendfile        on;
tcp_nopush      on;
tcp_nodelay     on;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 4k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
keepalive_timeout  65;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 600;
fastcgi_buffer_size 16k;
fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 32k;
#open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
#open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
#open_file_cache_valid 30s;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_comp_level 3;
gzip_types text /plain application /x-javascript text /css application /xml ;
gzip_vary on;
server {
listen       80;
server_name  192.168.239.130;
#charset koi8-r;
access_log   /data/logs/www .access.log  main;

location / {
root   /data/web ;
#    index  index.html index.htm;
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.(js|css|jpg|png|gif)$ {
root           /data/web ;
expires        30d;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root           /data/web ;
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index  index.php;
#fastcgi_pass_header  on;
if ( $fastcgi_script_name ~ \..*\/.*php ) {
return 403;
}
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include        fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
location ~ /\.ht {
deny  all;
}
}
}

29、重启Nginx(也可以重新reload一下配置文件)

service nginx restart

30、关于这篇博文的一些问题

 1、有人可能会问为什么没有安装mysql的步骤呢，这里安装的只是Nginx跟PHP，一般线上很少会        PHP、Nginx、mysql同在一台服务器吧(即使就有一台服务器最好是用虚拟机的方式将不同服务安      装到不同虚拟机做业务分离)，要想解决PHP安装依赖mysql某些文件的话直接yum安装mysql-          devel就可以了，节省时间节省空间多好！！！

 2、博文中提到的后续文章什么时候能更新？这个不好说 ，我也是菜鸟在摸索中，等我摸索好了自      然会发出来的，哈哈@_@;

 3、博文中提到的屏蔽Nginx信息，PHP信息是指什么？两张图便知晓

  修改前：

修改后

看图你们就知道我的良苦用心了吧！！！！！