linux中添加新的硬盘
添加一块硬盘后需要经过分区、格式化、挂载才可使用。
1、分区
（1）查看新的硬盘否添加进来
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes //新的硬盘 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000a3ed1 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 1045 7875584 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 6987 MB, 6987710464 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 849 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
（2）对硬盘进行分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //进行分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x240770df.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m //查看帮助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition //删除一个分区
l list known partition types //列出分区文件类型
m print this menu
n add a new partition //新增加分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table //打印分区表
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit //保存退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended //建立扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) //建立主分区
p //选择新建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 //指定第一个主分区
First cylinder (1-522, default 1): //指定第一个扇区
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-522, default 522): +1G //指定所建分区大小
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e //新建扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (159-522, default 159):
Using default value 159
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (159-522, default 522): +250M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l //新建逻辑分区
First cylinder (159-191, default 159):
Using default value 159
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (159-191, default 191): +100M
Command (m for help): p //查看分区表
Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x240770df
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 132 1060258+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 133 158 208845 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 159 191 265072+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 159 172 112423+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w //w保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
2、格式化
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 //格式化成ext4文件系统类型
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
66384 inodes, 265064 blocks
13253 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=272629760
9 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7376 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
3、挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /guazai
设置自动挂载
[root@localhost lost+found]# vi /etc/rc.local #!/bin/sh # # This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts. # You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't # want to do the full Sys V style init stuff. touch /var/lock/subsys/local mount /dev/sdb1 /guazai
[root@localhost lost+found]# vi /etc/fstab /dev/sdb1 /guazai ext4 defaults 0 04