linux 挂磁盘
Linux服务器磁盘未做分区和格式化操作步骤：
在没有分区和格式化数据盘之前，使用 “df �Ch”命令，是无法看到数据盘的，可以使用“fdisk -l”命令查看。
一、 添加磁盘，查看磁盘状况
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 151 1305 9277537+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1 150 1204843+ 82 Linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
（ 从查询结果看出，多了一个/dev/sdb的盘 ）
二、 用fdisk 对/dev/sdb 进行分区
根据提示依次输入“n”，“p”“1”，两次回车，“wq”，分区就开始了，很快就会完成。
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652):
Using default value 652
Command (m for help): W
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
（ 再次查看分区情况，多出来一个/dev/sdb1 的区，这个1是我们在前面指定的，如果我们指定2，就变成 sdb2了。）
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 151 1305 9277537+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1 150 1204843+ 82 Linux swap
Partition table entries are not in disk order
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
（ 如果创建完之后，/proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe 命令刷新一下就可以了：）
# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 175825944 sda
8 1 1020096 sda1
8 2 30716280 sda2
8 3 8193150 sda3
# partprobe /dev/sda
# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 175825944 sda
8 1 1020096 sda1
8 2 30716280 sda2
8 3 8193150 sda3
8 4 135893835 sda4
三、 格式化 /dev/sdb1 分区
# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
655360 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
四、 创建目录 并将 /dev/sdb1 挂在到该目录下
# ls
backup dev initrd media opt sbin sys usr
bin etc lib misc proc selinux tftpboot var
boot home lost+found mnt root srv tmp
# mkdir /u01
# ls
backup dev initrd media opt sbin sys u01
bin etc lib misc proc selinux tftpboot usr
boot home lost+found mnt root srv tmp var
# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01
五、 验证挂载是否成功
# df -k
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 9131772 7066884 1601012 82% /
none 454256 0 454256 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 5154852 43040 4849956 1% /backup
六、 设置开机自动挂载
# vi /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/hdc /media/cdrom auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m
anaged 0 0