LINUX 下mysql主从安装与同步
两台服务器
主：172.16.0.120 Master120
从：172.16.0.121 backup121
两台都要安装mysql如下步骤
安装系统所需要的依赖包
[root@ Master120 ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* cmake bison
创建mysql用户与用户组
[root@ Master120 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@ Master120 ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
安装mysql
[root@ Master120 ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.25.tar.gz
[root@ Master120 ~]# cd mysql-5.5.25
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql/ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/data/mysqld.sock -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_DEBUG=0
[root@ Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# make && make install
赋予相关权限
[root@ Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# /opt/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
mysql配置文件
[root@ Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
增加自动启动
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# chkconfig mysql on
启动mysql
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL...... [ OK ]
查看mysql 的3306端口，看到下面说明启动成功
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]#ps aux | grep 3306
mysql 17237 3.6 8.4 615660 86264 pts/2 Sl 22:10 0:01 /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/opt/mysql/data/Master120.err --pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/Master120.pid --socket=/opt/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 17798 0.0 0.0 61228 784 pts/2 S+ 22:10 0:00 grep 3306
设置mysql初始密码，123456是密码，你可以设置自己需要的密码
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
[root@Master120 mysql-5.5.25]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
主从复制的配置
主的my.cnf的server-id=1，每个同步服务都必须设定一个唯一的编号。
在Master（这里为Master120机器）上增加一个用于复制的账号：
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'172.16.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql>FLUSH REPLICATION;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 245 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
设置Slave 主机
修改my.cnf的server-id,内容如下：
backup121主机
server-id=2
开启Master与Slave的同步
在Slave上执行如下命令
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.0.120',
->MASTER_USER='repl',
->MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
->MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
->MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
之后执行
mysql>slave start;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.0.120
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: backup121-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 556
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
看到都为yes，说明成功
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
注意防火墙，关闭防火墙或者增加3306端口对外访问
如果在生产库中从库同步出错我们可以在从库的my.cnf增加Slave_skip_errors =all 跳过全部错误。