AIX 基础笔记3 System storage overview
*Components of AIX storage
-Physical storage
-Logical storage
-File systems
-Directories
-Files
Managed by Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
*Benefits of the LVM
-Solves noncontiguous space problems
-Data can span disks
-Sizes can be dynamically increased
-Data can be mirrored for availability
-New disks are easily added to the system
-Data can be relocated
-LVM (data) statistics can be collected
*Logical Volume Manager components
-Volume group (VG)
-Physical volume (PV)
-Physical partition (PP)
-Logical volume (LV)
-Logical partition (LP)
*Volume group descriptor area (VGDA)
There must be a quorum of VGDAs available to activate the volume group and make it available for use with the varyonvg command. A quorum of VGDA copies is needed to ensure the data integrity of management data that describes the logical and physical volumes in the volume group. A quorum is equal to 51% or more of the VGDAs avaiable.
*Uses of logical volumes
(1) A logical volume may contain one of the following:
-Journaled ( JFS) or enhanced journaled file system (JFS2)
-Journal log (/dev/hd8)
-Paging space (/dev/hd6)
-Boot logical volume (/dev/hd5)
-Dump device
-Nothing (raw logical volume)
(2) Examples of JFS/JFS2 logical volumes:
/dev/hd1 /home
/dev/hd2 /usr
/dev/hd3 /tmp
/dev/hd4 /
/dev/hd9var /var
/dev/hd10opt /opt
/dev/hd11admin /admin
/dev/lv00 /myfilesystem
*What is a file system?
(1) A file system is :
- Method of storing data
- Hierarchy of directories
(2) Seven types supported :
- Journaled File System (JFS)
- Enhanced Journaled File System (JFS2)
- CD-ROM File System (CDRFS)
- DVD-ROM File System (UDFS)
- Network File System (NFS)
- Common Internet Filesystem (CIFS)
- Proc File System (PROCFS)
(3) Different file systems are connected together through directories to form the view of files that users see.
*Why have multiple file systems?
- Can strategically place it on disk for improved performance
- Some tasks are performed more efficiently on a file system than on each directory within the file system, for example , back up , move, secure an entire file system.
- Can limit disk usage of users by file system through quotas
- Maintain integrity of the entire file system structure, for example, if one file system is corrupted, the others are not affected
- Special security situations
- Organize data and programs into groups for ease of file management and better performance
*Standard file systems in AIX
/(root)=/dev/hd4
|
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| | | | | | | | | | | |
home sbin opt lpp proc usr dev tftpboot var mnt etc tmp
hd1 hd10opt hd2 hd9var hd3
*/etc/filesystems
# cat /etc/filesystems
* @(#)filesystems @(#)29 1.23 src/bos/etc/filesystems/filesystems, cmdfs, bos61B, b2007_38A8 8/16/07 17:18:35
* IBM_PROLOG_BEGIN_TAG
* This is an automatically generated prolog.
*
* bos61B src/bos/etc/filesystems/filesystems 1.23
*
* Licensed Materials - Property of IBM
*
* COPYRIGHT International Business Machines Corp. 1985,1993
* All Rights Reserved
*
* US Government Users Restricted Rights - Use, duplication or
* disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
*
* IBM_PROLOG_END_TAG
*
* COMPONENT_NAME: CMDFS
*
* FUNCTIONS: none
*
* ORIGINS: 27
*
* (C) COPYRIGHT International Business Machines Corp. 1985, 1993
* All Rights Reserved
* Licensed Materials - Property of IBM
*
* US Government Users Restricted Rights - Use, duplication or
* disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
*
*
*
* This version of /etc/filesystems assumes that only the root file system
* is created and ready. As new file systems are added, change the check,
* mount, free, log, vol and vfs entries for the appropriate stanza.
*
/:
dev = /dev/hd4
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = automatic
check = false
type = bootfs
vol = root
free = true
/home:
dev = /dev/hd1
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = true
check = true
vol = /home
free = false
/usr:
dev = /dev/hd2
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = automatic
check = false
type = bootfs
vol = /usr
free = false
/var:
dev = /dev/hd9var
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = automatic
check = false
type = bootfs
vol = /var
free = false
/tmp:
dev = /dev/hd3
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = automatic
check = false
vol = /tmp
free = false
/admin:
dev = /dev/hd11admin
vol = "/admin"
mount = true
check = false
free = false
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
/proc:
dev = /proc
vol = "/proc"
mount = true
check = false
free = false
vfs = procfs
/opt:
dev = /dev/hd10opt
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = true
check = true
vol = /opt
free = false
/var/adm/ras/platform:
dev = /dev/fwdump
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = false
account = false
/var/adm/ras/livedump:
dev = /dev/livedump
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = true
account = false
/ptc:
dev = /dev/fslv00
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = true
options = rw
account = false
/pdmdata:
dev = /dev/fslv01
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/loglv00
mount = false
account = false
/oracle:
dev = /dev/fslv02
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = true
options = rw
account = false
/ftp:
dev = /dev/fslv03
vfs = jfs2
log = /dev/hd8
mount = true
options = rw
account = false
/ptc/Windchill/temp/print:
dev = print
vfs = cifs
nodename = x3550-PC/x3550
mount = true
options = rw,uid=12,gid=0,fmode=777
account = false
*Mount
# mount -rv cdrfs /dev/cd0 /mnt
# unmount /mnt
# mount /dev/fslv00 /home/patsie
--------------- ------------------
what to mount where to mount
# unmount /home/patsie
*Listing file systems
# lsfs
Name Nodename Mount Pt VFS Size Options Auto Accounting
/dev/hd4 -- / jfs2 155189248 -- yes no
/dev/hd1 -- /home jfs2 82837504 -- yes no
/dev/hd2 -- /usr jfs2 20971520 -- yes no
/dev/hd9var -- /var jfs2 20971520 -- yes no
/dev/hd3 -- /tmp jfs2 20971520 -- yes no
/dev/hd11admin -- /admin jfs2 1048576 -- yes no
/proc -- /proc procfs -- -- yes no
/dev/hd10opt -- /opt jfs2 20971520 -- yes no
/dev/fwdump -- /var/adm/ras/platform jfs2 2097152 -- no no
/dev/livedump -- /var/adm/ras/livedump jfs2 1048576 -- yes no
/dev/fslv00 -- /ptc jfs2 209715200 rw yes no
/dev/fslv01 -- /pdmdata jfs2 629145600 -- no no
/dev/fslv02 -- /oracle jfs2 125829120 rw yes no
/dev/fslv03 -- /ftp jfs2 20971520 rw yes no
print x3550-PC/x3550 /ptc/Windchill/temp/print cifs -- rw,uid=12,gid=0,fmode=777 yes no
*Listing logical volume information
# lsvg
rootvg
datavg
# lsvg -l rootvg
rootvg:
LV NAME TYPE LPs PPs PVs LV STATE MOUNT POINT
hd5 boot 1 2 2 closed/syncd N/A
hd6 paging 44 88 2 open/syncd N/A
hd8 jfs2log 1 2 2 open/syncd N/A
hd4 jfs2 148 296 2 open/syncd /
hd2 jfs2 20 40 2 open/syncd /usr
hd9var jfs2 20 40 2 open/syncd /var
hd3 jfs2 20 40 2 open/syncd /tmp
hd1 jfs2 79 158 2 open/syncd /home
hd10opt jfs2 20 40 2 open/syncd /opt
hd11admin jfs2 1 2 2 open/syncd /admin
fwdump jfs2 2 4 2 open/syncd /var/adm/ras/platform
lg_dumplv sysdump 4 4 1 open/syncd N/A
livedump jfs2 1 2 2 open/syncd /var/adm/ras/livedump
fslv00 jfs2 200 200 1 open/syncd /ptc
fslv02 jfs2 120 120 1 open/syncd /oracle
fslv03 jfs2 20 20 1 open/syncd /ftp