最近做了一个neutron集成vyatta的任务,顺便认真学习下neutron的代码,头几行就看到了monkey_patch。
首先就从neutron-server的启动脚本开始:
[root@controller-39 ~]# cat /usr/bin/neutron-server #!/usr/bin/python # PBR Generated from u'console_scripts' import sys from neutron.server import main if __name__ == "__main__": sys.exit(main())
[root@controller-39 ~]# cat /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/neutron/server/__init__.py import sys import eventlet eventlet.monkey_patch() # 这里使用monkey_patch from oslo.config import cfg from neutron.common import config from neutron import service from neutron.openstack.common import gettextutils from neutron.openstack.common import log as logging gettextutils.install('neutron', lazy=True) LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) def main():
什么是monkey_patch?
简单说就是程序在运行时动态对已有代码进行修改,而不需要修改原始代码。来看个例子:
[root@controller-39 tmp]# cat monkey_patch_test.py class Monkey_patch(object): def patch(self): print "patch it!" def patch(self): print "Modifies patch!" Monkey_patch().patch() Monkey_patch.patch = patch Monkey_patch().patch() python的namespace是开放的,通过dict来实现,所以达到patch比较容易。 python的namespace有: 1、locals 2、globals 3、builtin
一篇介绍eventlet的文章:http://www.cnblogs.com/Security-Darren/p/4170031.html
下面来看下eventlet.monkey_patch怎么用?
从上面可以看到:
eventlet.monkey_patch() # 默认不加任何参数的情况下,是所有可能的module都会被patch。 # 看个例子 In [2]: eventlet.monkey_patch Out[2]: <function eventlet.patcher.monkey_patch> In [3]: eventlet.monkey_patch() In [4]: import ti time timeit timing In [4]: import time time timeit In [4]: import time In [5]: eventlet.patcher.is_monkey_patched('time') # 查看一个module是否被monkey_patch,eventlet.patcher.is_monkey_patched(module) Out[5]: True In [6]: import sys In [7]: eventlet.patcher.is_monkey_patched('sys') # 说明eventlet没有对sys的patch Out[7]: False 注:在程序中越早调用monkey_patch()越好,通常作为模块的第一行代码(避免子类继承父类的时候,父类还没被monkey_patch)
模块被monkey_patch后的好处:
[root@controller-39 tmp]# cat monkey_patch_test.py #!/usr/bin/env python import eventlet eventlet.monkey_patch() from eventlet.green import urllib2 import time urls = ["http://www.tudou.com", "http://www.baid.com" ] def test_1(url): try: print "open tudou" time.sleep(5) urllib2.urlopen(url).read() print "done open tudou" except urllib2.HTTPError: return def test_2(url): try: print "open baidu" urllib2.urlopen(url).read() print "done open baidu" except urllib2.HTTPError: return pool = eventlet.GreenPool(100) pool.spawn(test_1, urls[0]) pool.spawn(test_2, urls[1]) pool.waitall() # 等待所有绿色线程执行结束 当test_1中time.sleep被调用到时,会将运行权利交给了hub,然后接着执行test_2,如果不使用monkey_patch的话time.sleep(1)会阻塞。 你可以注释掉eventlet.monkey_patch()这行代码,然后再看下运行结果。
openstack项目中大量用到了monkey_patch
[root@controller-39 tmp]# grep -n -r "eventlet.monkey_patch" /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/neutron/agent/netns_cleanup_util.py:19:eventlet.monkey_patch() /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/neutron/agent/l3_agent.py:20:eventlet.monkey_patch() /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo/messaging/_cmd/zmq_receiver.py:18:eventlet.monkey_patch() 。。。。。。