实验五 ：rip实验

 

实验目的：

1 掌握ripv1----有类路由协议，不支持VLSM的特性,广播更新--255.255.255.255

2 掌握ripv2----无类路由协议，支持VLSN,组播更新--224.0.0.9，自动汇总特性是开启的，要关闭切记！

3 掌握rip的手工路由汇总及其认证

4 掌握passive-interface特性及其默认路由的注入

实验拓扑：

 

RIPV1基本配置：

R1配置如下：

router rip

network 11.0.0.0

network 192.168.1.0

R2配置如下：

router rip

network 11.0.0.0

network 12.0.0.0

R3配置如下：

router rip

network 12.0.0.0

network 192.168.1.0

查看路由表如下：

R1#sh ip route

C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R 12.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C 192.168.1.64 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 192.168.1.32 is directly connected, Loopback1

 

R2#sh ip route

C 9.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

                          [120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/1

 

R3#sh ip route

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/1

C 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 192.168.1.96 is directly connected, Loopback0

 

R3#debug ip rip

00:05:02: RIP: received v1 update from 12.0.0.1 on FastEthernet0/1

00:05:02: 11.0.0.0 in 1 hops

00:05:11: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/1 (12.0.0.2)

00:05:11: RIP: build update entries

00:05:11: network 192.168.1.0 metric 1

00:05:11: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback0 (192.168.1.97)

00:05:11: RIP: build update entries

00:05:11: network 11.0.0.0 metric 2

00:05:11: network 12.0.0.0 metric 1

从以上debug信息可以看出RIPV1是广播更新且不携带子网掩码，不支持VLSM

RIPV2实验

R1# sh running-config | begin router rip

router rip

version 2

network 11.0.0.0

network 192.168.1.0

no auto-summary[u1]

R2#sh running-config | begin router rip

router rip

version 2

network 11.0.0.0

network 12.0.0.0

no auto-summary

R3#sh running-config | begin router rip

router rip

version 2

network 12.0.0.0

network 192.168.1.0

no auto-summary

查看路由表如下：

R1#sh ip route rip

R 12.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

R 192.168.1.96 [120/2] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0

R2#sh ip route rip

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

R 192.168.1.96/27 [120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:24, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.1.64/27 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0

R 192.168.1.32/27 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0

R 192.168.1.0/24 is possibly down,

              routing via 11.0.0.1, FastEthernet0/0

为什么是possibly down？失效定时器180秒，刷新定时器240秒

R3#sh ip route rip

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

R 192.168.1.64 [120/2] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.1.32 [120/2] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1

R3#debug ip rip

RIP protocol debugging is on

R3#

00:26:24: RIP: received v2 update from 12.0.0.1 on FastEthernet0/1

00:26:24: 11.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops

00:26:24: 192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 2 hops

R3#

00:26:37: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/1 (12.0.0.2)

00:26:37: RIP: build update entries

00:26:37: 192.168.1.96/27 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0

00:26:37: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Loopback0 (192.168.1.97)

00:26:37: RIP: build update entries

00:26:37: 11.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0

00:26:37: 12.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0

00:26:37: 192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 3, tag 0

以上debug信息说明RIPV2支持VLSM，携带子网掩码，组播更新

路由汇总及其认证实验

R1#sh running-config int f0/0

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

ip summary-address rip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0

接口模式下手工路由汇总，一定要在路由模式下关闭自动汇总切记！！！！！！，不过要注意RIPV2的手工汇总只能汇总到主类网络的边界，严格来说它并不支持CIDR，只是传递CIDR

R2#sh ip route rip

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks

R 192.168.1.96/27 [120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.1.64/27 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:01:48, FastEthernet0/0

R 192.168.1.32/27 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:01:48, FastEthernet0/0

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:26, FastEthernet0/0

R3#sh ip route rip

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

R 192.168.1.64 [120/2] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.1.32 [120/2] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1

R3#sh ip route rip

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/1

对比R3汇总前后路由表的变化

R1#show running-config | begin router rip

router rip

version 2

passive-interface default

no passive-interface FastEthernet0/0

network 11.0.0.0

network 192.168.1.0

no auto-summary

以上配置说明除了F0/0接口，所有的接口只接听更新但不发送更新

R2#sh running-config

key chain ceshi

key 1

key-string cisco

interface FastEthernet0/1

ip rip authentication mode md5

ip rip authentication key-chain ceshi

R3的认证同R2

 

R2# sh ip protocols

Routing Protocol is "rip"

Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 17 seconds

Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Redistributing: rip

Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2

Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain

FastEthernet0/0 2 2

FastEthernet0/1 2 2 ceshi

Automatic network summarization is not in effect

Maximum path: 4

Routing for Networks:

11.0.0.0

12.0.0.0

Routing Information Sources:

Gateway Distance Last Update

11.0.0.1 120 00:00:08

12.0.0.2 120 00:00:16

Distance: (default is 120)

默认路由的注入(1)：

R2(config)#ip default-network 9.0.0.0 必须是分类的网络号

R2#sh ip route

C* 9.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0[u2]

C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R 192.168.1.96/27 [120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:13, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

 

R1#sh ip route rip

R 12.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

R 192.168.1.96 [120/2] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

 

R3#sh ip route rip

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/1

R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/1

默认路由的注入(2)：

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#default-information originate

R2(config-router)#^Z

R2#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 9.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 12.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R 192.168.1.96/27 [120/1] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet0/0

 

R1#sh ip route rip

R 12.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.1.0/27 is subnetted, 3 subnets

R 192.168.1.96 [120/2] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 11.0.0.2, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

 

R3#sh ip route rip

R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/1

192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/1

R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/1

以上2种方式都可以实现默认路由的注入，但是有所区别，用心体会一下

[u1]RIPV2会在有类的网络边界对子网进行自动的汇总，手工关闭，切记！！

[u2]直连的默认，如果R2收到报文没有明确的匹配就匹配此默认