host、nslookup和dig命令的使用

一、host追踪地址

1、要显示主机www.test.web的主机地址

# host www.test.web
www.test.web has address 192.168.0.119

2、显示主机地址192.168.0.119的主机地址

#host 192.168.0.119
119.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer mail.test.web.
119.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer ns.test.web.
119.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer www.test.web.

3、显示www.test.web的域的MX地址

#host -n -t mx www.test.web
www.test.web has no MX record

二、nslookup的用法

1、查询A记录

# nslookup www.test.web
Server:        192.168.0.119
Address:    192.168.0.119#53

Name:    www.test.web
Address: 192.168.0.119

2、查询PTR记录

#nslookup 192.168.0.119
Server:        192.168.0.119
Address:    192.168.0.119#53

119.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa    name = ns.test.web.
119.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa    name = www.test.web.
119.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa    name = mail.test.web.

3、查询MX记录

#nslookup -type=mx test.web
Server:        192.168.0.119
Address:    192.168.0.119#53

test.web    mail exchanger = 10 mail.test.web.

4、查看CNAME记录

# nslookup -type=cname test.web
Server:        192.168.0.119
Address:    192.168.0.119#53

*** Can't find test.web: No answer

5、查询域名服务器

#nslookup -type=ns test.web
Server:        192.168.0.119
Address:    192.168.0.119#53

test.web    nameserver = ns.test.web.

三、dig查询地址

1、查询A记录

# dig www.test.web

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.4 <<>> www.test.web
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17668
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.test.web.            IN    A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.test.web.        86400    IN    A    192.168.0.119

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.web.        86400    IN    NS    ns.test.web.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.test.web.        86400    IN    A    192.168.0.119

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.119#53(192.168.0.119)
;; WHEN: Tue Nov  3 10:11:26 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 79

2、查询NS记录

#dig www.test.web ns

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.4 <<>> www.test.web ns
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40019
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.test.web.            IN    NS

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.web.        86400    IN    SOA    ns.test.web. root.test.web.test.web. 42 10800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.119#53(192.168.0.119)
;; WHEN: Tue Nov  3 10:12:48 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 83

3、查询SOA记录

#dig www.test.web soa

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.4 <<>> www.test.web soa
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37865
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.test.web.            IN    SOA

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.web.        86400    IN    SOA    ns.test.web. root.test.web.test.web. 42 10800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.119#53(192.168.0.119)
;; WHEN: Tue Nov  3 10:14:14 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 83

4、查询MX记录

# dig www.test.web mx

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.4 <<>> www.test.web mx
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 23287
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.test.web.            IN    MX

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
test.web.        86400    IN    SOA    ns.test.web. root.test.web.test.web. 42 10800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.0.119#53(192.168.0.119)
;; WHEN: Tue Nov  3 10:15:21 2015
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 83

三、追踪域名的解析过程

#dig www.test.web +trace

; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.37.rc1.el6_7.4 <<>> www.test.web +trace
;; global options: +cmd
.            518085    IN    NS    g.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    l.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    c.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    e.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    d.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    h.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    k.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    a.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    i.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    f.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    b.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    m.root-servers.net.
.            518085    IN    NS    j.root-servers.net.
;; Received 508 bytes from 192.168.0.119#53(192.168.0.119) in 9 ms

.            86400    IN    SOA    a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2015110201 1800 900 604800 86400
;; Received 105 bytes from 198.41.0.4#53(198.41.0.4) in 159 ms