Apache+Tomcat实现负载均衡
一、规划
前端Apache:192.168.10.135
后端tomcat:192.168.10.132
192.168.10.133
二、配置Tomcat
①配置server.xml
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml ##位于103行 TomcatA: <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA"> TomcatB: <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatB">
②配置测试页
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT # mv index.jsp index.jsp.bak # vi index.jsp
TomcatA:
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="green">TomcatA </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
TomcatB:
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="yellow">TomcatB </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
三、基于mod_jk实现
①配置mod_jk配置文件
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/mod_jk.conf JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf/workers.properties ##指出mod_jk工作所需文件位置 JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log ##指定日志输出文件位置 JkLogLevel debug ##指定日志级别 JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]" JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" JkMount /* lbcluster1 ##指定负载均衡器名称 JkMount /status/ stat1 ##指定状态信息
②配置worker.properties
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/workers.properties # workers 列表 worker.list = lbcluster1,stat1 #------------------------------------------------- # tomcat实例1 #------------------------------------------------- worker.TomcatA.type = ajp13 ##定向包协议 worker.TomcatA.host = 192.168.10.132 ##tomcat主机地址 worker.TomcatA.port = 8009 ##TomcatA实例端口 worker.TomcatA.lbfactor = 1 ##负载均衡权重为1 #------------------------------------------------- # tomcat实例2 #------------------------------------------------- worker.TomcatB.type = ajp13 worker.TomcatB.host = 192.168.10.133 worker.TomcatB.port = 8009 worker.TomcatB.lbfactor = 1 #------------------------------------------------- # load balancer worker --负载均衡控制器 # ------------------------------------------------ worker.lbcluster1.type = lb ##负载均衡work，lb内置类 worker.lbcluster1.sticky_session = 0 ##会话是否绑定 worker.lbcluster1.balance_workers = TomcatA, TomcatB ##指定集群拥有实例 worker.stat1.type = status ##状态信息
③配置httpd
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so ##加载mod_jk模块 Include /etc/httpd/conf/mod_jk.conf ##指定mod_jk配置文件
④测试
输入前端Apache地址查看
刷新后继续查看
前端输入http://localhost/status/查看集群状态
⑤实现会话复制
a.在 <Engine>或 <Host>元素节点下添加以下内容:
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/> <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/> <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4000" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads="6"/> <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"> <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/> </Sender> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/> </Channel> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=""/> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/> <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled="false"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/> </Cluster>
b.在启用集群功能的web应用程序的web.xml中添加<distributable/>以实现集群功能
# vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <distributable/> # cp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/
详情:http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/cluster-howto.html
c.测试
输入前端Apache地址查看
刷新后继续查看
TomcatA和TomcatB已经实现了会话共享
四、基于mod_proxy实现
①查看相关代理模块是否装载(其中balancer为集群实现模块)
# httpd -D DUMP_MODULES | grep proxy proxy_module (shared) proxy_ajp_module (shared) proxy_balancer_module (shared) proxy_connect_module (shared) proxy_express_module (shared) proxy_fcgi_module (shared) proxy_fdpass_module (shared) proxy_ftp_module (shared) proxy_http_module (shared) proxy_scgi_module (shared)
②配置httpd
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin localhost ServerName localhost ProxyPass / balancer://cluster1/ stickysession=jsessionid ProxyPassReverse / balancer://cluster1/ </VirtualHost> ProxyRequests Off <proxy balancer://cluster1> BalancerMember ajp://192.168.10.132:8009 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatA BalancerMember ajp://192.168.10.133:8009 loadfactor=1 route=TomcatB ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic </Proxy>
注:
ProxySet lbmethod={byrequests|bytraffic|bybusyness}:负载均衡的实现方式
byrequests:按照请求次数负载均衡(默认)
bytraffic:按照流量负载均衡
bybusyness:安装繁忙程度负载均衡(总是分配给活跃请求数最少的服务器)
③测试
输入TomcatA地址查看:
输入TomcatB地址查看:
输入前端Apache地址查看:
刷新继续查看:
