基于python的新浪微博模拟登陆
主文件如下：
#coding=utf-8
import requests
import urllib
import urllib2
import cookielib
import WeiboEncode
import WeiboSearch
import time
import re
import random
import httplib
class WeiboLogin:
def __init__(self, user, pwd, enableProxy = False):#构造方法，参数依次是自身、用户、密码、是否使用代理服务器
"初始化WeiboLogin，enableProxy表示是否使用代理服务器，默认关闭"
print "Initializing WeiboLogin..."
self.userName = user
self.passWord = pwd
self.enableProxy = enableProxy
self.serverUrl = "http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/prelogin.php?entry=weibo&callback=sinaSSOController.preloginCallBack&su=&rsakt=mod&client=ssologin.js(v1.4.11)&_=1379834957683"
self.loginUrl = "http://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.11)"
self.postHeader = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0'}
#用户代理 User Agent，是指浏览器,它的信息包括硬件平台、系统软件、应用软件和用户个人偏好。
def Login(self):#登陆程序
"登陆程序"
self.EnableCookie(self.enableProxy)#cookie或代理服务器配置
serverTime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv = self.GetServerTime()#登陆的第一步
postData = WeiboEncode.PostEncode(self.userName, self.passWord, serverTime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv)#加密用户和密码
print "Post data length:\n", len(postData)
req = urllib2.Request(self.loginUrl, postData, self.postHeader)#构造网络请求
print "Posting request..."
result = urllib2.urlopen(req)#发出网络请求
text = result.read()
try:
loginUrl = WeiboSearch.sRedirectData(text)#解析重定位结果（登陆后自动跳转到的页面）
urllib2.urlopen(loginUrl)
except:
print 'Login error!'
return False
print 'Login sucess!'
return True
def EnableCookie(self, enableProxy):#"Enable cookie & proxy (if needed)."
cookiejar = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()#建立cookie
cookie_support = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar)
#HTTPCookieProcessor instances have one attribute:
#HTTPCookieProcessor.cookiejar (The cookielib.CookieJar in which cookies are stored.)
if enableProxy:
proxy_support = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http':'59.59.100.123:8118'})#使用代理
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_support, cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)#Return an OpenerDirector instance
#The OpenerDirector class opens URLs via BaseHandlers chained together.
print "Proxy enabled"
else:
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)#构建cookie对应的opener
def GetServerTime(self):#"Get server time and nonce, which are used to encode the password"
#在摘要认证中服务器让客户选一个随机数（称作”nonce“），然后浏览器使用一个单向的加密函数生成一个消息摘要（message #digest），该摘要是关于用户名、密码、给定的nonce值、HTTP方法，以及所请求的URL。
print "Getting server time and nonce..."
serverData = urllib2.urlopen(self.serverUrl).read()#得到网页内容
print serverData
try:
serverTime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv = WeiboSearch.sServerData(serverData)#解析得到serverTime，nonce等
return serverTime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv
except:
print 'Get server time & nonce error!'
return None
def fetch_weibo(id, filename):#不借助API取回微博列表，但只有前几条，参数分别为用户ID、文件名
target = open(filename, 'a')
myurl='http://weibo.com/u/'+id
line = urllib2.urlopen(myurl).read()
target.write(line)
if re.search(r'\"WB_detail', line):
print "success"
p = re.compile(r'\"WB_detail\"')
linelist = p.split(line)
for fraction in linelist:
matchObj = re.search(r'nick-name=\".+?\">\\n +(.+?)<', fraction)
if matchObj:
target.write(matchObj.group(1))
target.write("\n")
def fetchqueryresult():#本方法可取回微博找人的查询结果
myurl="http://s.weibo.com/user/&auth=ord&age=22y&gender=women®ion=custom:33:1&page="#找人页面的url
target = open("filename", 'a')#输出文件名称
for i in range(37,51):#起止页码
line = urllib2.urlopen(myurl).read()
while re.search(r'ids\=(\d+?)\\', line):
matchObj = re.search(r'ids\=(\d+?)\\', line)
print matchObj.group(1)
target.write(matchObj.group(1))
target.write("\n")
p = re.compile(r''+matchObj.group(1))
linelist = p.split(line)
line = linelist[len(linelist)-1]
print i
time.sleep(2+random.random());
def getjson():#本方法可调用微博API，取回已登录用户的微博列表
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0'}#定义一些文件头
url = "https://api.weibo.com/2/statuses/user_timeline.json" # 这里是url
your_param = {'source': '1675437817'} # 这里是请求参数！
result = requests.get(url, params=your_param) # 发送请求，如果url是http://s.weibo.com/weibo/s 那么 这句话的的效果就是 http://s.weibo.com/weibo/s?Refer=sina_index
result_final = result.text #这样就获取到了你发送的这个URL + 参数 之后的结果
print result.text
if __name__ == '__main__':
#if the python interpreter is running that module (the source file) as the main program,
#it sets the special __name__ variable to have a value #"__main__".
#If this file is being imported from another module,
#__name__ will be set to the module's name.
weiboLogin = WeiboLogin('[email protected]', 'XXXXXXXX')#邮箱（账号）、密码
if weiboLogin.Login() == True:
print "登陆成功！"
myurl="http://api.weibo.com/2/statuses/timeline_batch.json?source=1675437817&uids=5029941840"
htmlContent = urllib2.urlopen(myurl).read()
print htmlContent
另外要用到的两个类是WeiboSearch.py和WeiboEncode.py。
WeiboEncode.py代码如下：
#coding=utf-8
import urllib
import base64
import rsa
import binascii
def PostEncode(userName, passWord, serverTime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv):
"Used to generate POST data"
encodedUserName = GetUserName(userName)#用户名使用base64加密
encodedPassWord = get_pwd(passWord, serverTime, nonce, pubkey)#目前密码采用rsa加密
postPara = {
'entry': 'weibo',
'gateway': '1',
'from': '',
'savestate': '7',
'userticket': '1',
'ssosimplelogin': '1',
'vsnf': '1',
'vsnval': '',
'su': encodedUserName,
'service': 'miniblog',
'servertime': serverTime,
'nonce': nonce,
'pwencode': 'rsa2',
'sp': encodedPassWord,
'encoding': 'UTF-8',
'prelt': '115',
'rsakv': rsakv,
'url': 'http://weibo.com/ajaxlogin.php?framelogin=1&callback=parent.sinaSSOController.feedBackUrlCallBack',
'returntype': 'META'
}
postData = urllib.urlencode(postPara)#网络编码
return postData
def GetUserName(userName):
"Used to encode user name"
userNameTemp = urllib.quote(userName)
userNameEncoded = base64.encodestring(userNameTemp)[:-1]
return userNameEncoded
def get_pwd(password, servertime, nonce, pubkey):
rsaPublickey = int(pubkey, 16)
key = rsa.PublicKey(rsaPublickey, 65537) #创建公钥
message = str(servertime) + '\t' + str(nonce) + '\n' + str(password) #拼接明文js加密文件中得到
passwd = rsa.encrypt(message, key) #加密
passwd = binascii.b2a_hex(passwd) #将加密信息转换为16进制。
return passwd
WeiboSearch.py
#coding=utf-8
import re
import json
def sServerData(serverData):#解析得到serverTime，nonce等
"Search the server time & nonce from server data"
p = re.compile('\((.*)\)') #re.compile 可以把正则表达式编译成一个正则表达式对象
jsonData = p.search(serverData).group(1) #查找
data = json.loads(jsonData) #对encodedjson进行decode，得到原始数据，需要使用json.loads()函数
serverTime = str(data['servertime'])
nonce = data['nonce']
pubkey = data['pubkey']#
rsakv = data['rsakv']#
print "Server time is:", serverTime
print "Nonce is:", nonce
return serverTime, nonce, pubkey, rsakv
def sRedirectData(text):
p = re.compile('location\.replace\([\'"](.*?)[\'"]\)')
loginUrl = p.search(text).group(1)
print 'loginUrl:',loginUrl
return loginUrl
目前该爬虫可以自动登录，以及调用新浪微博的普通API。但是批量取回他人的微博需要高级授权，目前正在申请。