ESXI 5.0 linux虚拟机LVM磁盘扩容（需要重启2次Linux服务器）
一、增加分区：
1、VC登录控制台修改虚拟机磁盘大小。
2、现在系统中还看不到加入的容量，reboot，对新增加的磁盘创建分区
fdisk /dev/sda
＃用n命令建个P类型的磁盘，然后用t命令更改ID为8e（LVM类别）。
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (5222-6527, default 5222):
Using default value 5222
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5222-6527, default 6527):
Using default value 6527
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
# p
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000ef931
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 5222 6527 10485087+ 8e Linux LVM
最后W保存
ps:这里要重启一下服务器，不然挂载不上新建的sda3
#不用reboot的做法
我的系统是centos6.2，partprobe无效，要用partx命令重新读取分区。
新增分区时：partx -a /dev/sda
删除分区时：partx -d --nr N /dev/sda
二.LVM扩容:
1.先格式化/dev/sda3
[root@nginx ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 2621271 blocks
131063 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
2.创建pv
[root@nginx ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sda3"
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
#查看已创建的pv
[root@nginx ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_nginx
PV Size 39.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10114
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 10114
PV UUID Z7S451-CiWS-l66s-6hiU-j5YY-35Wq-KcijFH
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name vg_nginx
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 3.34 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2559
PV UUID aQivcj-noPv-Mpy8-Dlmw-1fBT-DqhL-W1eyOe
#查看vg
[root@nginx ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_nginx
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 39.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10114
Alloc PE / Size 10114 / 39.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID Yah1Wu-pdas-Lag1-ygDT-x9ck-XkZf-4EbwHb
3.将刚创建的pv加入到相应的vg
[root@nginx ~]# vgextend vg_nginx /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_nginx" successfully extended
#查看vg是否添加成功
[root@nginx ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_nginx
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 49.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12673
Alloc PE / Size 10114 / 39.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 2559 / 10.00 GiB
VG UUID Yah1Wu-pdas-Lag1-ygDT-x9ck-XkZf-4EbwHb
#查看lv状态
[root@nginx ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_nginx/lv_root
VG Name vg_nginx
LV UUID 3EG5sY-NPMC-CKIy-MDWE-0ln7-GgtZ-TYNJWk
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 37.54 GiB
Current LE 9610
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_nginx/lv_swap
VG Name vg_nginx
LV UUID J50VXw-rWdY-ZBw7-lRnh-xB8s-NBdv-wGnr0B
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.97 GiB
Current LE 504
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
4.为/dev/vg_nginx/lv_root增加容量
[root@nginx ~]# lvextend -l +2559 /dev/vg_nginx/lv_root
Extending logical volume lv_root to 47.54 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
#或者用lvextend -L +10G /dev/vg_nginx/lv_root
#查看已挂载分区的容量
[root@nginx ~]# df -hl
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_nginx-lv_root
37G 2.0G 34G 6% /
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 51M 409M 12% /boot
5.看到了吧，这里容量还没增加需要执行resize2fs
[root@nginx ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_nginx-lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_nginx-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 3
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_nginx-lv_root to 12461056 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_nginx-lv_root is now 12461056 blocks long.
#现在查看一下，ok
[root@nginx ~]# df -hl
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_nginx-lv_root
47G 2.0G 43G 5% /
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 51M 409M 12% /boot
#查看一下lv的最终结果：
[root@nginx ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_nginx/lv_root
VG Name vg_nginx
LV UUID 3EG5sY-NPMC-CKIy-MDWE-0ln7-GgtZ-TYNJWk
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 47.54 GiB
Current LE 12169
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_nginx/lv_swap
VG Name vg_nginx
LV UUID J50VXw-rWdY-ZBw7-lRnh-xB8s-NBdv-wGnr0B
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.97 GiB
Current LE 504
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
http://centilinux.blog.51cto.com/1454781/1017980
Linux文件系统在线扩容（操作示范）
转载请在文首保留原文出处：EMC中文支持论坛
介绍
Linux文件系统能在线扩容吗？ - Yes！
Linux文件系统扩容必须重新挂载？ - NO！
本文章通过LVM工具，给大家展示一种Linux文件系统在线扩容办法，无需重启服务器，无需重新挂在文件系统，应用也无需做任何更改。
更多信息
实验环境
操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago) - 64bit
文件系统：ext4
工具：e2fsprogs-1.41.12-3.el6.x86_64
逻辑卷管理（LVM）概念
已经有工程师对LVM相关概念做了详细介绍，本章就不再介绍。有兴趣可以参考：
AIX主机逻辑卷管理器（LVM）概念详解：卷组、物理/逻辑卷、分区
Linux逻辑卷管理LVM功能详解及应用实例
LVM逻辑架构
如下图：
扩容实际操作分享
根据上面架构图可以发现，基于LVM的Linux文件系统扩容主要有三个步骤：
1、卷组扩容；
2、逻辑卷扩容；
3、文件系统在线调整。
注意：操作严格按照1，2，3顺序依次来进行。
情景需求：给/media文件系统添加在线添加100G磁盘空间。
1、 卷组扩容
1.1、 确认需要扩容的卷组
1.2、 将/dev/loop1制作成物理卷
1.3、 test_vg卷组扩容
2、 逻辑卷扩容
3、 文件系统在线调整
故障排除：
1、 resize2fs命令出现这个错误“resize2fs: Operation not permitted While trying to add group #6656”，并且在/var/log/message里面出现以下错误“Jul 30 15:37:53 localhost kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-2): ext4_group_add: No reserved GDT blocks, can't resize”
这个问题是由于文件系统预留的Journal size太小导致，可以通过dumpe2fs /dev/test_vg/lvol0 |grep -i Journal查看。（Journal size大小默认由e2fsprogs工具自动根据文件系统大小来计算，也可以认为指定。越大Journal size，对文件系统性能越好，Ext4最大Journal size是400M。）
解决办法：
删除现有Journal空间，重新创建一个新的Journal来解决这个问题。
解决步骤：
$ e2fsck -C 0 /dev/os/test
e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
/dev/os/test: clean, 11/524288 files, 24822/524288 blocks
$ tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/os/test �C 删除原来的journal空间
tune2fs 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
$ tune2fs -j /dev/os/test �C 自动生成新的journal
tune2fs 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
Creating journal inode: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
$ e2fsck -C 0 /dev/os/test
e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
/dev/os/test: clean, 11/524288 files, 24822/524288 blocks
注意：这个过程要求卸载文件系统，严格按照上述顺序来操作。
如需在生产系统操作，请务必做好测试和备份工作。参考
・ http://h30499.www3.hp.com/t5/System-Administration/Online-resize2fs-Operation-not-permitted-While-trying-to-add/td-p/4680934
・ https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=160612
https://community.emc.com/docs/DOC-18041