LVS+Keepalived实现MySQL从库读操作负载均衡

说明:

操作系统:CentOS 5.X 64位

MySQL主服务器:192.168.21.126

MySQL从服务器:192.168.21.127,192.168.21.128

MySQL主从同步的数据库为:osyunweidb

实现目的:

增加两台服务器(主备),通过LVS+Keepalived实现MySQL从库读操作负载均衡

架构规划:

操作系统:CentOS 5.X 64位

LVS主服务器:192.168.21.129

LVS备服务器:192.168.21.130

LVS虚拟服务器(VIP):192.168.21.254

部署完成之后,通过VIP:192.168.21.254,根据LVS调度算法来访问后端真实的MySQL从服务器,实现负载均衡。

具体操作:

第一部分:分别在两台MySQL从服务器上操作

一、关闭SELINUX

vi /etc/selinux/config

#SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉

#SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉

SELINUX=disabled #增加

:wq!  #保存退出

setenforce 0 #使配置立即生效

二、配置防火墙,开启3306端口

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables  #编辑

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT  #允许3306端口通过防火墙

:wq! #保存退出

/etc/init.d/iptables restart #重启防火墙使配置生效

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三、绑定LVS虚拟服务器(VIP):192.168.21.254到lo:0

vi  /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver  #编辑,添加以下代码

#################################################

#!/bin/sh

# chkconfig: - 80 90

# description:realserver

# mysql_vip start realserver

mysql_vip=192.168.21.254 #LVS虚拟服务器(VIP)

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

case "$1" in

start)

ifconfig lo:0 $mysql_vip netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $mysql_vip

/sbin/route add -host $mysql_vip dev lo:0

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1

echo "RealServer Start OK"

;;

stop)

ifconfig lo:0 down

route del $mysql_vip >/dev/null 2>&1

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

echo "RealServer Stoped"

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

#################################################

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver  #添加脚本执行权限

chkconfig realserver on #添加开机启动

/etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver start #开启,参数stop为关闭

四、调整服务器参数,使LVS虚拟服务器(VIP)忽略ARP广播包

vi /etc/sysctl.conf  #编辑

net.ipv4.ip_forward= 1  #修改0为1,开启转发

net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore= 1

net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce= 2

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore= 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce= 2

:wq! #保存退出

/sbin/sysctl -p   #使配置立即生效

五、设置能够远程监控MySQL主从同步状态的MySQL用户和密码

mysql -u root -p #进入MySQL控制台

insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values('localhost','checkslave',password('123456'));    #新建账户checkslave,密码123456

flush privileges;    #刷新系统授权表

grant all on *.* to 'checkslave'@'192.168.21.129' identified by '123456' with grant option;    #允许账户checkslave从LVS主服务器192.168.21.129连接到数据库服务器

grant all on *.* to 'checkslave'@'192.168.21.130' identified by '123456' with grant option;    #允许账户checkslave从LVS从服务器192.168.21.130连接到数据库服务器

第二部分:分别在两台LVS主备服务器上操作

一、关闭SElinux、配置防火墙

1、vi /etc/selinux/config

#SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉

#SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉

SELINUX=disabled #增加

:wq!  #保存退出

setenforce 0 #使配置立即生效

2、vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables  #编辑

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -d 224.0.0.18 -j ACCEPT  #允许VRRP(虚拟路由器冗余协议)组播地址通信

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT  #允许3306端口通过防火墙

:wq! #保存退出

/etc/init.d/iptables restart #重启防火墙使配置生效

二、安装lvs软件

yum install ipvsadm  #Linux 2.6内核已经集成了lvs软件,此处ipvsadm为lvs管理工具

modprobe ip_vs  #加载ip_vs

三、安装keepalived

yum install  gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel kernel-devel ncurses-devel  #安装编译工具包

下载keeplived:http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz

上传keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz到/usr/local/src目录

cd /usr/local/src

tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz

cd keepalived-1.2.12

./configure  #配置,必须看到以下提示,说明配置正确,才能继续安装

Use IPVS Framework : Yes

IPVS sync daemon support : Yes

Use VRRP Framework       : Yes

make #编辑

make install  #安装

cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived  /etc/sysconfig/

mkdir /etc/keepalived

cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived  /etc/rc.d/init.d/

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived  #添加执行权限

chkconfig keepalived on  #设置开机启动

service keepalived start #启动

service keepalived stop  #关闭

service keepalived restart  #重启

四、安装perl、perl-DBI、DBD-mysql模块以及MySQL客户端   #perl脚本连接MySQL数据库需要

yum install  perl  perl-DBI  perl-DBD-MySQL  mysql  #执行此命令安装

vi /tmp/test_perl.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

print "Hello, world!\n";

:wq! #保存退出

perl /tmp/test_perl.pl  #运行测试脚本,如果出现:Hello,world! 说明perl安装成功

perldoc DBI  #查看DBI模块是否安装

perldoc DBD::mysql   #查看DBD::mysql模块是否安装

五、配置keepalived

cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf-bak

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  #编辑,修改为以下代码

##################################################################################################

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

notification_email {

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

}

notification_email_from [email protected]

smtp_server 192.168.200.1

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER  #LVS备机修改为BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51

priority 100  #LVS备机修改为80

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.21.254

}

notify_master "/etc/keepalived/clean_arp.sh"  #LVS主备机都为notify_master

}

virtual_server 192.168.21.254 3306 {

delay_loop 30

lb_algo wlc

lb_kind DR

#nat_mask 255.255.255.0

persistence_timeout 120

protocol TCP

real_server 192.168.21.127 3306 {

weight 1

MISC_CHECK {

misc_path "/etc/keepalived/check_slave.pl 192.168.21.127"

misc_dynamic

}

}

real_server 192.168.21.128 3306 {

weight 1

MISC_CHECK {

misc_path "/etc/keepalived/check_slave.pl 192.168.21.128"

misc_dynamic

}

}

##################################################################################################

:wq! #保存退出

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六、设置MySQL主从监控脚本check_slave.pl

vi /etc/keepalived/check_slave.pl #编辑,添加以下代码

##################################################################################################

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use DBI;

use DBD::mysql;

# CONFIG VARIABLES

$SBM = 120;

$db = "osyunweidb";

$host = $ARGV[0];

$port = 3306;

$user = "checkslave";

$pw = "123456";

# SQL query

$query = "show slave status";

$dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:$db:$host:$port", $user, $pw, { RaiseError => 0,PrintError => 0 });

if (!defined($dbh)) {

exit 1;

}

$sqlQuery = $dbh->prepare($query);

$sqlQuery->execute;

$Slave_IO_Running =  "";

$Slave_SQL_Running = "";

$Seconds_Behind_Master = "";

while (my $ref = $sqlQuery->fetchrow_hashref()) {

$Slave_IO_Running = $ref->{'Slave_IO_Running'};

$Slave_SQL_Running = $ref->{'Slave_SQL_Running'};

$Seconds_Behind_Master = $ref->{'Seconds_Behind_Master'};

}

$sqlQuery->finish;

$dbh->disconnect();

if ( $Slave_IO_Running eq "No" || $Slave_SQL_Running eq "No" ) {

exit 1;

} else {

if ( $Seconds_Behind_Master > $SBM ) {

exit 1;

} else {

exit 0;

}

}

##################################################################################################

:wq! #保存退出

chmod +x  /etc/keepalived/check_slave.pl  #添加脚本执行权限

七、设置更新LVS虚拟服务器(VIP)地址的arp记录到网关脚本

vi  /etc/keepalived/clean_arp.sh  #编辑,添加以下代码

#!/bin/sh

VIP=192.168.21.254

GATEWAY=192.168.21.2

/sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 5 -s $VIP $GATEWAY &>/dev/null

:wq!  #保存退出

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/clean_arp.sh #添加脚本执行权限

八、测试LVS+Keepalived是否正常运行

service keepalived restart  #在两台LVS主备服务器上重启keepalived

ipvsadm -L  #在两台LVS主备服务器上执行此命令,看到如下图所示

ip addr show  #在两台LVS主备服务器上执行此命令,看到如下图所示

#从图中可以看到VIP:192.168.21.254现在指向的是LVS主服务器

1、关闭LVS主服务器的keepalived服务,查看LVS备服务器是否正常接管keepalived

service keepalived stop  #在LVS主服务器上运行

此时,在两台LVS主备服务器上执行ip addr show命令,如下图所示

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可以看到VIP:192.168.21.254现在指向的是LVS备服务器,说明LVS备服务器已经接管keepalived,测试成功。

2、停止MySQL从服务器192.168.21.127上面的主从同步服务

mysql -u root -p  #进入MySQL控制台

slave start; #停止同步

在LVS备服务器执行ipvsadm -L命令,可以看到MySQL从服务器192.168.21.127已经从负载均衡列表中被剔除了,测试成功。

3、从客户端连接LVS虚拟服务器(VIP):192.168.21.254

telnet 192.168.21.254 3306  #执行此命令,如下图所示,说明测试成功。

tail  -f /var/log/messages  #查看LVS日志信息

至此,LVS+Keepalived实现MySQL从库读操作负载均衡配置完成。


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