在重分发网络中更改管理距离定义路径

一、拓扑图：

 

 

二、配置说明与分析：

1、按照拓扑图配置各路由器的 IP地址和协议，并在 R2和 R5上做重分发，保证所有的链路的连通性。看一下 R2上的重分发配置：

R2#show run router ospf 1  log-adjacency-changes  redistribute rip metric 200 subnets   (把 RIP发进 OSPF过来的 cost 我定义为 200)  network 172.16.255.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 ! router rip  redistribute ospf 1 metric 11     (把 ospf 发进 RIP过来的 cost 我定义为 11)  network 192.168.1.0

 

2、那么应该说通过 R2这个路由后：

ospf 区域到 rip区域后 cost 将会为成为我们定义的值  11

 Rip区域到 ospf 区域后 cost 将会成为我们定义的值   200

 

3、在 RIP区域看一下 ospf 区域过来的路由：

 

R1# sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route   Gateway of last resort is not set   R     172.16.0.0/16 [120/11] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial1/1(ospf那边过来的 ,RIP把它当 R)      10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1 C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

 

4、在 OSPF区域看一下 RIP区域过来的路由：

 

R3#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route   Gateway of last resort is not set        172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets C       172.16.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 C       172.16.255.4 is directly connected, Serial1/1 O       172.16.255.8 [110/128] via 172.16.255.6, 00:49:26, Serial1/1 O E2 10.0.0.0/8 [110/200] via 172.16.255.1, 00:49:26, Serial1/0 O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.1, 00:49:26, Serial1/0 (通过 R2过来的定义了 200) O E1 192.168.2.0/24 [110/328] via 172.16.255.6, 00:49:26, Serial1/1 (通过 R5过来的，那么为什么是 328呢？这条路由经过 R5过来的，它会以 R5上的重分发的 cost值计算，因为我在 R5重发布的时候做了 redistribute rip metric 200 metric-type 1 subnets 这样就会叠加经过 ospf 区域的 cost ：RIP à OSPF (cost 200) + R4―>R5 (cost 64) + R3―>R4 (cost 64) = cost 328)

 

5、通过上面的图示我们弄清了 rip和 ospf 区域的 cost值之后 ,现在我们在 R5上看一下路由表 :

 

R5#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route   Gateway of last resort is not set        172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets O       172.16.255.0 [110/192] via 172.16.255.9, 00:03:00, Serial1/0 O       172.16.255.4 [110/128] via 172.16.255.9, 00:03:00, Serial1/0 C       172.16.255.8 is directly connected, Serial1/0 O E2 10.0.0.0/8 [110/200] via 172.16.255.9, 00:02:59, Serial1/0   (居然绕了 4个路由器 ) O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.9, 00:02:59, Serial1/0 (也绕远了 ,不直接通过 R1走 ) C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R5#

 

6、我们看到 R5到 10.0.0.0/8和 192.168.1.0/24都是绕了个大圈通过 ospf 区域来走，那它为什么不直接通过 R1这一跳来走呢。这样路径更近，只要通过 R1一个路由器转发就行啊。呵呵！这是因为 R5认为 R2重分发过进来路由的管理距离是 110。 rip是 120，走 ospf更短。所以不选择 R1走，而是走 R4。看来管理距离决定着路由器选择那个路由协议的路径过去。所以在这种情况之后。我们要去手动地在 R5上修改到达 R1的管理距离，强制让它选择最佳路由走 R1。

 

7、我们可以通过一个 acl加指定链路的 distance来做：

R5(config)#access-list 1 permit 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255( 建立一个对目的网络的访问控制列表) R5(config)#router rip R5(config-router)#distance 85 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 1( 定义到R1的管理距离为85匹配access-list1)

 

8、我们来看一下 access-list 1：

R5#show access-lists 1 Standard IP access list 1 10   ermit 10.0.0.0, wildcard bits 0.255.255.255 (1 match)   已经有 1个匹配了

 

9、看一下 R5 的路由表：

R5#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route   Gateway of last resort is not set        172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets O       172.16.255.0 [110/192] via 172.16.255.9, 02:32:03, Serial1/0 O       172.16.255.4 [110/128] via 172.16.255.9, 02:32:03, Serial1/0 C       172.16.255.8 is directly connected, Serial1/0 R     10.0.0.0/8 [85/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/0 ( 现在变成R了，并且走R1了 ) O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/200] via 172.16.255.9, 00:09:57, Serial1/0( 这条路径加一条ACL就能改到走R1了，那样将会变成R不会是O E2 ) C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

 

10、通过以上的方法，我们可以通过改某一个链路的管理距离让它走最佳的网络到达目的地。同时为了链路的稳定和使 R2到这一网段也走 R1，我们也应该在 R2上做相同的操作，先看一下没改之前的 route：

R2#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route   Gateway of last resort is not set        172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets C       172.16.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1 O       172.16.255.4 [110/128] via 172.16.255.2, 02:46:52, Serial1/1 O       172.16.255.8 [110/192] via 172.16.255.2, 02:46:52, Serial1/1 O E1 10.0.0.0/8 [110/392] via 172.16.255.2, 00:15:01, Serial1/1 C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 O E1 192.168.2.0/24 [110/392] via 172.16.255.2, 02:46:52, Serial1/1 R2#

 

11、这次我来把两条都改掉管理距离让它们走 R1：

 

R2(config)#access-list 1 permit 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 (建立第 一个到目的网络的访问控制列表 ) R2(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255(建立第二 个到目的网络的访问控制列表 ) R2(config)#router rip R2(config-router)#distance 85 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 1 (设定到 R1的管理距离 )

12、再来看一下 R2的 route:

R2(config-router)#do sho ip route        Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP        D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2        i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2        ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route        o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route   Gateway of last resort is not set        172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets C       172.16.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1 O       172.16.255.4 [110/128] via 172.16.255.2, 04:12:19, Serial1/1 O       172.16.255.8 [110/192] via 172.16.255.2, 04:12:19, Serial1/1 R    10.0.0.0/8 [85/1] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:18, Serial1/0   C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 R    192.168.2.0/24 [85/1] via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:18, Serial1/0

 

两条都变成 R了，都通过 R1到目的网段。不会走ospf网络。