需求:给定一个ip:172.28.68.0和一个CIDR格式的ip配置项ipConfig="172.28.64.0/22,172.28.72.11;172.16.0.0/12,172.28.80.27",判断该IP是在哪个cidr表示的地址段,并获取cidr格式后面的一个ip地址。
首先,要对cidr表示法要有所了解。
例如:172.28.64.0/22表示前22位不变,用1表示,后10位表示网络主机范围,相应的掩码表示为:11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000即该CIDR的掩码为:255.255.252.0
然后根据公式计算地址范围:
- 网络地址 = IP address & Mask
- 网络广播地址 = Network address + Mask反码
- 地址范围 = { 网络地址, 网络地址 + Mask反码}
例如:
IP address = 200.6.12.55,Mask = 255.255.248.0
网络地址 = 200.6.12.55 & 255.255.248.0 = 200.6.8.0
地址范围 = {200.6.8.0,200.6.15.255}
确定范围后如何快速判断一个IP是否在该CIDR表示的范围内?这里用的技巧是把ip转换为256进制的数,再看该IP是否在范围内。
/**
*
*/
package com.zrf.ip;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author zhongrunfu
* 日期:2014-10-28
* 描述:根据某个IP,查找相应的CIDR IP地块,以及目标主机地址
*
*/
public class IpRouter {
/**最大IP的256进制LONG值的KEY*/
public static final String CIDR_MAX_IP = "CIDR_MAX_IP";
/**最小IP的256进制LONG值的KEY*/
public static final String CIDR_MIN_IP = "CIDR_MIN_IP";
/*
* cidrIp与目标IP映射表
* 例如:configIp = 172.38.64.0/22,172.28.72.11
* key=172.38.64.0/22
* value=172.28.72.11
*/
private Map cidrIpToTargetIp;
/*
* cidrIp表示的范围
* 用256进制值表示最大最小值
* 其中包括非法IP(主机ID全为0或1的IP)
* 例如:cidrIp = 172.38.64.0/22
* value = Map<MAX_VALUE,LONG>,MAP<MIN_VALUE,LONG>
*/
private Map cidrIpBlock;
/*
* CIDR IP 数组
* 例如:[172.28.64.0/22,172.16.0.0/12]
*/
private String[] cidrIps;
/**
* 构造方法
*
* @param bindIpConfig 配置项
* 例如:172.28.64.0/22,172.28.72.11;172.16.0.0/12,172.28.80.27
*/
public IpRouter(String bindIpConfig){
this.init(bindIpConfig);//初始化
}
/**
* 获取目标IP
* 如果CIDR格式的IP段有重复,则返回首个地址
* @param ip 给定的IP地址
* @return
*/
public String rout(String ip){
if(ip==null||"".equals(ip.trim())){
return null;
}
long ipValue = this.ipToNumeric(ip);//IP转换为256进制值
String cidrIp = "";
for(int i=0,len=this.cidrIps.length;i<len;i++){
cidrIp = this.cidrIps[i];
if(this.isInBlock(ipValue, (Map)this.cidrIpBlock.get(cidrIp))){
return (String)this.cidrIpToTargetIp.get(cidrIp);
}
}
return null;
}
/*
* 判断是否在给定的范围内
*
* @param ipValue 判断的IP
* @param blockMap IP值范围
* @return 如果是返回true,否则返回false
*/
private boolean isInBlock(long ipValue,Map blockMap){
Long maxIpValue = (Long)blockMap.get(IpRouter.CIDR_MAX_IP);
Long minIpValue = (Long)blockMap.get(IpRouter.CIDR_MIN_IP);
return (ipValue>=minIpValue.longValue())&&(ipValue<=maxIpValue.longValue());
}
/*
* 初始化
* @param bindIpConfig 格式172.28.64.0/22,172.28.72.11;172.16.0.0/12,172.28.80.27
*/
private void init(String bindIpConfig){
this.print("初始化开始--------->");
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
if(bindIpConfig==null||"".equals(bindIpConfig.trim())){
throw new RuntimeException("参数不能为空");
}
this.print("");
String[] bindIps = bindIpConfig.split(";");
if(bindIps==null||bindIps.length==0){
throw new RuntimeException("参数格式不正确,必须像以下格式x.x.x.x/n,a.a.a.a;x.x.x.x/n;b.b.b.b");
}
int len = bindIps.length;
this.cidrIps = new String[len];//----
this.cidrIpBlock = new HashMap();//----
this.cidrIpToTargetIp = new HashMap();//----
String[] cidrIpTargetIp = null;
for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
this.print("02--开始按,号分割["+bindIps[i]+"]");
cidrIpTargetIp = bindIps[i].split(",");//分割CIDR与目标IP地址
if(cidrIpTargetIp==null||cidrIpTargetIp.length!=2){
throw new RuntimeException("参数格式不正确,CIDR地址与目标IP地址需要逗号分格,例如:x.x.x.x/n,a.a.a.a");
}
cidrIps[i] = cidrIpTargetIp[0];//CIDR地址
this.cidrIpToTargetIp.put(cidrIpTargetIp[0], cidrIpTargetIp[1]);//-->map<cidr,targetIp>
this.initCidrIpBlock(cidrIpTargetIp[0]);
}
this.print("初始化完成---->共花费时间(毫秒):"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time));
}
/*
* 初始化CIDR IP范围
* @param cidrIp 例如:x.x.x.x/n
*/
private void initCidrIpBlock(String cidrIp){
this.print("初始化CIDR IP范围,CIDR IP=["+cidrIp+"]");
if(cidrIp==null||"".equals(cidrIp.trim())){
throw new RuntimeException("["+cidrIp+"]参数格式不正确,CIDR地址部分为空");
}
String[] ipIds = cidrIp.split("\\/");
if(ipIds==null||ipIds.length!=2){
throw new RuntimeException("["+cidrIp+"]参数格式不正确,CIDR地址格式不正确,正确格式为x.x.x.x/n");
}
int num = Integer.parseInt(ipIds[1]);
if(num>32||num<4){
throw new RuntimeException("["+cidrIp+"]参数格式不正确,CIDR地址格式不正确,网络ID值必须在(4,32)范围内");
}
//TODO
String networkId = this.getNetworkId(cidrIp);
String maxIpAddres = this.getMaxIpAddres(networkId, this.getMaskRevert(num));
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put(IpRouter.CIDR_MAX_IP, Long.valueOf(this.ipToNumeric(maxIpAddres)));
map.put(IpRouter.CIDR_MIN_IP, Long.valueOf(this.ipToNumeric(networkId)));
this.cidrIpBlock.put(cidrIp, map);//cidr ip范围
this.print("["+cidrIp+"]IP 256进制值范围为["+map.get(IpRouter.CIDR_MIN_IP)+","+map.get(IpRouter.CIDR_MAX_IP)+"]");
this.print("["+cidrIp+"]IP 范围为["+networkId+","+maxIpAddres+"]");
}
/*
* 获取网络ID,即也是CIDR表示的最小IP
* @param ipCidr CIDR法表示的IP,例如:172.16.0.0/12
* @return 网络ID,即也是CIDR表示的最小IP
*/
private String getNetworkId(String ipCidr){
String[] ipMaskLen = ipCidr.split("\\/");
String mask = this.getMask(Integer.parseInt(ipMaskLen[1]));
String[] ips = ipMaskLen[0].split("\\.");
String[] masks = mask.split("\\.");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
sb.append(Integer.parseInt(ips[i])&Integer.parseInt(masks[i]));
if(i!=3){
sb.append(".");
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
/*
* 获取掩码
* @param maskLength 网络ID位数
* @return
*/
private String getMask(int maskLength){
int binaryMask = 0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - maskLength);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(int shift=24;shift>0;shift-=8){
sb.append(Integer.toString((binaryMask>>>shift)&0xFF));
sb.append(".");
}
sb.append(Integer.toString(binaryMask&0xFF));
return sb.toString();
}
/*
* 获取IP最大值
* @param netId 网络ID
* @param maskReverse 掩码反码
* @return
*/
private String getMaxIpAddres(String netId,String maskReverse){
String[] netIdArray = netId.split("\\.");
String[] maskRevertArray = maskReverse.split("\\.");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0,len=netIdArray.length;i<len;i++){
sb.append(Integer.parseInt(netIdArray[i])+Integer.parseInt(maskRevertArray[i]));
if(i!=len-1){
sb.append(".");
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
/*
* 获取掩码整型数组
* @param maskLength 网络ID位数
* @return
*/
private int[] getmaskArray(int maskLength){
int binaryMask = 0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - maskLength);
int[] mask = new int[4];
for(int shift=24,k=0;shift>0;shift-=8){
mask[k] = (binaryMask>>>shift)& 0xFF;
k++;
}
mask[3] = binaryMask & 0xFF;
return mask;
}
/*
* 获取掩码的反码
* @param maskLength 网络ID位数
* @return
*/
private String getMaskRevert(int maskLength){
int binaryMask = 0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - maskLength);
binaryMask = binaryMask ^ 0xFFFFFFFF;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(15);
for(int shift=24;shift>0;shift-=8){
sb.append(Integer.toString((binaryMask>>>shift)&0xFF));
sb.append(".");
}
sb.append(Integer.toString(binaryMask&0xFF));
return sb.toString();
}
/*
* IP地址转换为一个256进制的long整数
* @param ip
* @return
*/
private long ipToNumeric(String ip){
String[] ips = ip.split("\\.");
Long[] ipLong = new Long[4];
for(int i=0,len=ips.length;i<len;i++){
ipLong[i] = Long.parseLong(ips[i]);
}
long result = ipLong[3] & 0xFF;
result |= ((ipLong[2]<<8)) & 0xFF00;
result |= ((ipLong[1]<<16)) & 0xFF0000;
result |= ((ipLong[0]<<24)) & 0xFF000000;
return result;
}
/*
* 十进制转二进制
* @param n
* @return
*/
private String toBinary(int n){
return Integer.toBinaryString(n);
}
/*
* 二进制转十进制
* @param bit
* @return
*/
private int binaryToTen(String bit){
return Integer.valueOf(bit,2);
}
private void print(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String ipConfig = "172.28.64.0/22,172.28.72.11;172.16.0.0/12,172.28.80.27";
String ip = "172.28.68.0";
IpRouter router = new IpRouter(ipConfig);
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
router.print("请求地址:"+ip);
router.print("目标地址:"+router.rout(ip));
router.print("共花费时间(毫秒):"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time));
router.print("-----------------------------");
String ipCidr = "172.28.64.0/22";
int num = 22;
router.print("CIDR IP:["+ipCidr+"]");
String mask = router.getMask(num);
router.print("掩码:["+mask+"]");
int[] getmaskArray = router.getmaskArray(num);
router.print("掩码整型数组:["+getmaskArray+"]");
String networkId = router.getNetworkId(ipCidr);
router.print("网络ID(最小IP):["+networkId+"]");
String maskRevert = router.getMaskRevert(num);
router.print("掩码:["+mask+"]"+"的反码:["+maskRevert+"]");
String maxIpAddres = router.getMaxIpAddres(networkId, maskRevert);
router.print("最大IP地址:["+maxIpAddres+"]");
long minIpValue = router.ipToNumeric(networkId);
long maxIpValue = router.ipToNumeric(maxIpAddres);
router.print("["+ipCidr+"]IP 256进制值范围为["+minIpValue+","+maxIpValue+"]");
}
}