转:CISCO ios file system

     PROM
boot proms是一个方块型的芯片，是read-only,
要改里面的boot-image,必须开箱换

      Primary-Memory DRAM SIMMs
就是平常说的内存：

• 存config,路由表等
• 其中又分出一部分为共享内存

     

      查看当前存储介质（假设实际不知道）的方法

r2#cd ?   flash:   Directory name   flh:     Directory name   lex:     Directory name   null:    Directory name   nvram:   Directory name   system:  Directory name   <cr>

r2#dir all Directory of nvram:/    30  -rw-         465                    <no date>  startup-config    31  ----          24                    <no date>  private-config 32762 bytes total (32223 bytes free) Directory of system:/     2  dr-x           0                    <no date>  memory     1  -rw-         481                    <no date>  running-config    11  dr-x           0                    <no date>  vfiles 16777212 bytes total (787600 bytes free)

    设备名字称谓（要带冒号）

nvram:	(NVRAM)
bootflash:	通常称做flash memory的，是内部internal flash，也称做bootflash:或flash:
slot0: slot1：	first PCMCIA slot second PCMCIA slot

          注意要带冒号：
r2#cd nvram             
%Error statting flash:/nvram (No such file or directory)
r2-2501#cd nvram:


      低版本IOS造成的flash卡问题

dir slot0: 系统告诉slot0:不存在,format slot0:也告诉不存在. 后来怀疑这个卡不叫slot0:,而是叫别的名字.叫什么呢?

后来用show diagnose,show tech都能查到 原来这个卡在当前IOS版本下叫disk0:

      delete ,undelete
Router# delete [device:]filename
Router# undelete index [filesystem:] Restores a deleted file on a Flash memory device.
Router# delete slot0:myconfig
Router# undelete 1 slot0:

      squeeze真正的删除，永远删除
Router# squeeze filesystem:           
Router# squeeze slot1:
All deleted files will be removed. Continue? [confirm]
Squeeze operation may take a while. Continue? [confirm]
Erasing squeeze log
Squeeze of slot1: complete

      format
Router# format slot0:
Running config file on this device, proceed? [confirm]y
All sectors will be erased, proceed? [confirm]y
Enter volume id (up to 31 characters): <Return>

    verifty /md5
先取值，再比较， 一般用于COPY IOS IMAGE前后文件一致性的检查

Router# verify /md5 slot0: Verify filename []? c7200-js-mz ...................................Done! verify /md5 (disk1:c7200-js-mz) = 0f369ed9e98756f179d4f29d6e7755d3

      rouer也可以学UNIX的fscy -y
fsck filesystem: [/automatic]


    rommon状态下，manually boot from Flash memory

rommon > boot  从rom启动 Boots the default system software from ROM

rommon> boot  flash F3: 1858656+45204+166896 at 0x1000 Booting gs7-k from flash memory RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 从flash的第一个文件启动 注意不是flash卡，是internal flash memory

ROMMON > boot flash [filename] ROMMON > boot flash partition-number:[filename] ROMMON > boot flash flash:[ partition-number:] [filename] ROMMON > boot [flash-fs:][partition-number:][filename] (Cisco 1600 series and Cisco 3600 series) boot slot0:3:imagename ROMMON > boot device:[filename] (Cisco 7000 family)

      启动引导――boot system

boot system flash	从bootflash:第一个文件引导
boot system   c7200-js-mz    172.16.101.101	从网络引导
boot system tftp	从网络引导
(config)# boot system rom (config)# config-register 0x0	从rom启动

     

        网络引导――routerB通过TFTP从routerA引导

routerA	tftp-server flash: c5300-js-mz.121-5.T.bin  9 定义回应client发来的get/read request的image 文件名 ！ access-list 9 permit 172.16.101.0 0.0.0.255 限定tftp client所在的网络
routerB	boot system c5300-js-mz.121-5.T.bin   172.16.111.111 定义从routerA的TFTP引导

    tftp client 的附加配置

r4 (config)#ip tftp ? boot-interface    Force interface to use for TFTP booting 网络引导的接口  source-interface  Specify interface for source address in TFTP connections

      copy to ftp
第一种方法：

Router# copy run ftp://netadmin1:[email protected]/Rtr2-confg                       用户名       密码     地址       文件名 Write file rtr2-confg on host 172.16.101.101?[confirm] Building configuration...[OK] Connected to 172.16.101.101

第二种方法：

Rtr2(config)# ip ftp username netadmin2 Rtr2(config)# ip ftp password mypass Rtr2# copy start ftp: Remote host[]? 172.16.101.101 Name of configuration file to write [rtr2-confg]? Write file rtr2-confg on host 172.16.101.101?[confirm] ![OK]

ip ftp ...指令设FTP缺省参数，为所有调用ftp的指令服务

ip ftp username zorro ip ftp password sword ip ftp passive          ip ftp source-interface loopback 0

      老的boot system总no不掉,有时必须执行此语句
Router(config)#no boot config c:auto_config_slot#
否则boot system语句总上no 不掉

      show boot的BOOT变量其实还是跟着boot system指令走的，只不过变化得慢一些
改完boot system后， 要过一会儿，再show boot,才能看到BOOT变量变化
  来源：(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6151984a0100f2xl.html) - IOS File System_macg_新浪博客