ElasticSearch安装与基本使用

【零】简介

        Elasticsearch是一个基于Apache Lucene(TM)的开源搜索引擎,分布式,十分高效。

主要的特点:

  • 分布式的实时文件存储,每个字段都被索引并可被搜索
  • 分布式的实时分析搜索引擎
  • 可以扩展到上百台服务器,处理PB级结构化或非结构化数据

【一】下载、安装、启动、安装插件

sudo wget https://download.elasticsearch.org/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/zip/elasticsearch/2.1.1/elasticsearch-2.1.1.zip
sudo unzip elasticsearch-2.1.1.zip
sudo mv /home/username/elasticsearch-2.1.1 /usr/lib/elasticsearch
#启动
sudo ./bin/elasticsearch

 启动报错 

[huanghaifeng@vm20251 elasticsearch]$ sudo ./bin/elasticsearch
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: don't run elasticsearch as root.
	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:93)
	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:144)
	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:285)
	at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:35)
Refer to the log for complete error details.

 原因是,ElasticSearch不能作为root启动 

sudo chown huanghaifeng elasticsearch
sudo chown huanghaifeng elasticsearch/*
sudo chown huanghaifeng elasticsearch/log/*
./bin/elasticsearch

  用自己的账户开启,Permission denied;用sudo,直接不给开起

  检查是否开启

curl 'http://localhost:9200/?pretty'
#输出
{
  "name" : "Torrent",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "2.1.1",
    "build_hash" : "40e2c53a6b6c2972b3d13846e450e66f4375bd71",
    "build_timestamp" : "2015-12-15T13:05:55Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "5.3.1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

 安装插件

./bin/plugin -h
./bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head
./bin/plugin list
#其他常用的插件安装
http://www.cnblogs.com/wgp13x/p/4859680.html

打开http://10.60.81.183:9200/_plugin/head/出现问题,一直是“无法显示此网页”。
解决办法

#检查监听网络
netstat -an
#编辑配置文件,添加network.host和http.port
vi elasticsearch.yml
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
network.host: 10.60.81.183
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
http.port: 9200

 重启elasticsearch,即可打开网页

最后给出一个对应关系,让读者理解elasticsearch

Relational DB -> Databases -> Tables -> Rows -> Columns
Elasticsearch -> Indices   -> Types  -> Documents -> Fields

【二】新建索引、简单查询、基本使用

 API :  curl -X<VERB> '<PROTOCOL>://<HOST>:<PORT>/<PATH>?<QUERY_STRING>' -d '<BODY>'

 

  • VERB HTTP方法:GET, POST, PUT, HEAD, DELETE
  • PROTOCOL http或者https协议(只有在Elasticsearch前面有https代理的时候可用)
  • HOST Elasticsearch集群中的任何一个节点的主机名,如果是在本地的节点,那么就叫localhost
  • PORT Elasticsearch HTTP服务所在的端口,默认为9200
  • PATH API路径(例如_count将返回集群中文档的数量),PATH可以包含多个组件,例如_cluster/stats或者_nodes/stats/jvm
  • QUERY_STRING 一些可选的查询请求参数,例如?pretty参数将使请求返回更加美观易读的JSON数据
  • BODY 一个JSON格式的请求主体(如果请求需要的话) 
#插入数据
PUT /megacorp/employee/1
{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}
#查询数据量
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_count' -d '
{
    "query":{
        "match_all":{}
    }
}'
#查询单个文档详情
curl -XGET  http://10.60.81.183:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty
#简单查询接口调用
GET /megacorp/employee/_search?pretty
#添加条件检索
curl -XGET  http://10.60.81.183:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?q=last_name:Smith
【三】DSL(Domain Specific Language特定领域语言)查询(POST)
#模糊查询查询,以空格为区分的单词匹配
#返回结果是包含查询条件里面的一个或多个词
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "last_name" : "Smith"
        }
    }
}
#全词匹配,又称为短语匹配,将match关键词改为match_phrase即可
#过滤器
{
  "query": {
    "filtered": {
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "age": {
            "gt": "20"
          }
        }
      },
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "last_name": "smith"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 elasticsearch的结果默认按照结果相关性分数( _score )排序。
#使用DSL做统计分析
#姓氏为smith的人中,有各种爱好的人平均年龄
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "last_name": "smith"
    }
  },
  "aggs": {
    "all_interests": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "interests"
      },
      "aggs": {
        "avg_age": {
          "avg": {
            "field": "age"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
ElasticSearch安装与基本使用_第1张图片
 
#附上一篇比较完整的查询语句
{
  "query": {
    "filtered": {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "IsDel": "0"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "range": {
                "PostDate": {
                  "gt": "2015-08-05 09:00:00",
                  "lt": "2015-09-02 09:00:00"
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "sort": [
    {
      "PostDate": {
        "order": "desc"
      },
      "ID": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ],
  "size": 20,
  "from": 0
}
 (更多详细内容请关注后续总结文章)

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