[深入浅出Windows 10]实现饼图控件

13.2 实现饼图控件

    上一小节讲解了动态生成折线图和区域图,对于简单的图形这样通过C#代码来生成的方式是很方便的,但是当我们的图表要实现更加复杂的逻辑的时候,这种动态生成的方式就显得力不从心了,那就需要利用控件封装的方式来实现更加强大的图表控件功能。这一小节将来讲解怎样去用封装控件的方式去实现图表,用一个饼图控件作为例子进行分析讲解。

13.2.1 自定义饼图片形形状

    饼图其实就是把一个圆形分成若干块,每一块代表着一个类别的数据,可以把这每一块的图形看作是饼图片形形状。要实现一个饼图控件,首先需要做的就是要实现饼图片形形状,在第4章里面讲解了实现如何实现自定义的形状,饼图片形形状也可以通过这种方式来实现。饼图片形形状有一些重要的属性,如饼图半径Radius,内圆半径InnerRadius,旋转角度RotationAngle,片形角度WedgeAngle,点innerArcStartPoint,点innerArcEndPoint,点outerArcStartPoint和点outerArcEndPoint等,这些属性的含义如图13.5所示。要绘制出这个饼图片形形状需要计算出4个点的坐标(点innerArcStartPoint,点innerArcEndPoint,点outerArcStartPoint和点outerArcEndPoint),这4的点的坐标需要通过半径和角度相关的属性计算出来。计算出这4个点的坐标的坐标之后,然后通过这4个点创建一个Path图形,这个Path图形由两条直线和两条弧线组成,形成了一个饼图片形形状。通过这种方式不仅仅把这个饼图片形形状创建好了,连这个图形在整个饼图的位置也设置好了。代码如下所示。

[深入浅出Windows 10]实现饼图控件_第1张图片

代码清单5-2饼图图表(源代码:第5章\Examples_5_2)

PiePiece.cs文件代码:自定义的饼图片形形状
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    using System;
    using Windows.Foundation;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Shapes;
    namespace PieChartDemo
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义的饼图片形形状
        /// </summary>
        class PiePiece : Path
        {
            #region 依赖属性
            // 注册半径属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty RadiusProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("RadiusProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));
            // 饼图半径
            public double Radius
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(RadiusProperty); }
                set { SetValue(RadiusProperty, value); }
            }
            // 注册饼图片形点击后推出的距离
            public static readonly DependencyProperty PushOutProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("PushOutProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 距离饼图中心的距离
            public double PushOut
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(PushOutProperty); }
                set { SetValue(PushOutProperty, value); }
            }
            // 注册饼图内圆半径属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty InnerRadiusProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("InnerRadiusProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 饼图内圆半径
            public double InnerRadius
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(InnerRadiusProperty); }
                set { SetValue(InnerRadiusProperty, value); }
            }
            // 注册饼图片形的角度属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty WedgeAngleProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("WedgeAngleProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 饼图片形的角度
            public double WedgeAngle
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(WedgeAngleProperty); }
                set
                {
                    SetValue(WedgeAngleProperty, value);
                    this.Percentage = (value / 360.0);

                }
            }
            // 注册饼图片形旋转角度的属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty RotationAngleProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("RotationAngleProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 旋转的角度
            public double RotationAngle
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(RotationAngleProperty); }
                set { SetValue(RotationAngleProperty, value); }
            }
            // 注册中心点的X坐标属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty CentreXProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("CentreXProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 中心点的X坐标
            public double CentreX
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(CentreXProperty); }
                set { SetValue(CentreXProperty, value); }
            }
            // 注册中心点的Y坐标属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty CentreYProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("CentreYProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 中心点的Y坐标
            public double CentreY
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(CentreYProperty); }
                set { SetValue(CentreYProperty, value); }
            }
            // 注册该饼图片形所占饼图的百分比属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty PercentageProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("PercentageProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 饼图片形所占饼图的百分比
            public double Percentage
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(PercentageProperty); }
                private set { SetValue(PercentageProperty, value); }
            }

            // 注册该饼图片形所代表的数值属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty PieceValueProperty =
                DependencyProperty.Register("PieceValueProperty", typeof(double), typeof(PiePiece),
                new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 该饼图片形所代表的数值
            public double PieceValue
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(PieceValueProperty); }
                set { SetValue(PieceValueProperty, value); }
            }
            #endregion
            public PiePiece()
            {
                CreatePathData(0, 0);
            }

            private double lastWidth = 0;
            private double lastHeight = 0;
            private PathFigure figure;
            // 在图形中添加一个点
            private void AddPoint(double x, double y)
            {
                LineSegment segment = new LineSegment();
                segment.Point = new Point(x + 0.5 * StrokeThickness,
                    y + 0.5 * StrokeThickness);
                figure.Segments.Add(segment);
            }
            // 在图形中添加一条线段
            private void AddLine(Point point)
            {
                LineSegment segment = new LineSegment();
                segment.Point = point;
                figure.Segments.Add(segment);
            }
            // 在图形中添加一个圆弧
            private void AddArc(Point point, Size size, bool largeArc, SweepDirection sweepDirection)
            {
                ArcSegment segment = new ArcSegment();
                segment.Point = point;
                segment.Size = size;
                segment.IsLargeArc = largeArc;
                segment.SweepDirection = sweepDirection;
                figure.Segments.Add(segment);
            }

            private void CreatePathData(double width, double height)
            {
                // 用于退出布局的循环逻辑
                if (lastWidth == width && lastHeight == height) return;
                lastWidth = width;
                lastHeight = height;

                Point startPoint = new Point(CentreX, CentreY);
                // 计算饼图片形内圆弧的开始点
                Point innerArcStartPoint = ComputeCartesianCoordinate(RotationAngle, InnerRadius);
                // 根据中心点来校正坐标的位置
                innerArcStartPoint = Offset(innerArcStartPoint,CentreX, CentreY);
                // 计算饼图片形内圆弧的结束点
                Point innerArcEndPoint = ComputeCartesianCoordinate(RotationAngle + WedgeAngle, InnerRadius);
                innerArcEndPoint = Offset(innerArcEndPoint, CentreX, CentreY);
                // 计算饼图片形外圆弧的开始点
                Point outerArcStartPoint = ComputeCartesianCoordinate(RotationAngle, Radius);
                outerArcStartPoint = Offset(outerArcStartPoint, CentreX, CentreY);
                // 计算饼图片形外圆弧的结束点
                Point outerArcEndPoint = ComputeCartesianCoordinate(RotationAngle + WedgeAngle, Radius);
                outerArcEndPoint = Offset(outerArcEndPoint, CentreX, CentreY);
                // 判断饼图片形的角度是否大于180度
                bool largeArc = WedgeAngle > 180.0;
                // 把扇面饼图往偏离中心点推出一部分
                if (PushOut > 0)
                {
                    Point offset = ComputeCartesianCoordinate(RotationAngle + WedgeAngle / 2, PushOut);

                    // 根据偏移量来重新设置圆弧的坐标
                    innerArcStartPoint = Offset(innerArcStartPoint,offset.X, offset.Y);
                    innerArcEndPoint = Offset(innerArcEndPoint,offset.X, offset.Y);
                    outerArcStartPoint = Offset(outerArcStartPoint,offset.X, offset.Y);
                    outerArcEndPoint = Offset(outerArcEndPoint,offset.X, offset.Y);
                }
                // 外圆的大小
                Size outerArcSize = new Size(Radius, Radius);
                // 内圆的大小
                Size innerArcSize = new Size(InnerRadius, InnerRadius);
                var geometry = new PathGeometry();
                figure = new PathFigure();
                // 从内圆开始坐标开始画一个闭合的扇形图形
                figure.StartPoint = innerArcStartPoint;
                AddLine(outerArcStartPoint);
                AddArc(outerArcEndPoint, outerArcSize, largeArc, SweepDirection.Clockwise);
                AddLine(innerArcEndPoint);
                AddArc(innerArcStartPoint, innerArcSize, largeArc, SweepDirection.Counterclockwise);
                figure.IsClosed = true;
                geometry.Figures.Add(figure);
                this.Data = geometry;
            }

            protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size availableSize)
            {
                return availableSize;
            }

            protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
            {
                CreatePathData(finalSize.Width, finalSize.Height);
                return finalSize;
            }
            //把点进行偏移转换
            private Point Offset(Point point, double offsetX, double offsetY)
            {
                point.X += offsetX;
                point.Y += offsetY;
                return point;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// 根据角度和半径来计算出圆弧上的点的坐标
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="angle">角度</param>
            /// <param name="radius">半径</param>
            /// <returns>圆弧上的点坐标</returns>
            private Point ComputeCartesianCoordinate(double angle, double radius)
            {
                // 转换成弧度单位
                double angleRad = (Math.PI / 180.0) * (angle - 90);
                double x = radius * Math.Cos(angleRad);
                double y = radius * Math.Sin(angleRad);
                return new Point(x, y);
            }
        }
    }

13.2.2 封装饼图控件

    创建好了PiePiece形状之后,下面就要开始创建利用PiePiece形状来创建饼图控件了。创建饼图控件是通过UserControl控件来实现,UserControl控件的XAML代码里面只有一个Grid面板,是用来加载PiePiece形状来组成饼图。XAML代码如下所示:

PiePlotter.xaml文件代码
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    <UserControl x:Class="PieChartDemo.PiePlotter"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"
        FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}"
        Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}"
        d:DesignHeight="480" d:DesignWidth="480" >
        <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"></Grid>
    </UserControl>

    在实现饼图之前,需要知道饼图里面的数据集合的,还需要用一个实体类PieDataItem来表示饼图的数据项,有两个属性一个是表示图形的数值Value属性,另外一个是表示饼图片形块的颜色Brush属性。PieDataItem代码如下:

PieDataItem.cs文件代码
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
    namespace PieChartDemo
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 饼图数据实体
        /// </summary>
        public class PieDataItem
        {
            public double Value { get; set; }
            public SolidColorBrush Brush { get; set; }
        }
    }

    下面来实现饼图控件加载的逻辑,在饼图控件里面还需要自定义一些相关的属性,用来传递相关的参数。属性HoleSize表示饼图内圆的大小,按照比例来计算;属性PieWidth表示饼图的宽度。饼图的数据集合是通过控件的数据上下文属性DataContext属性来传递,在初始化饼图的时候需要把DataContext的数据读取出来然后再创建PiePiece图形。每个PiePiece图形都添加了Tap事件,用来实现当用户点击饼图的时候,相应的某一块回往外推出去。代码如下所示:

PiePlotter.xaml.cs文件代码
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
    using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input;

    namespace PieChartDemo
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 饼图控件
        /// </summary>
        public partial class PiePlotter : UserControl
        {

            #region dependency properties
            // 注册内圆大小属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty HoleSizeProperty = 
                           DependencyProperty.Register("HoleSize", typeof(double), typeof(PiePlotter), new PropertyMetadata(0.0));
            // 内圆的大小,按照比例来计算
            public double HoleSize
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(HoleSizeProperty); }
                set
                {
                    SetValue(HoleSizeProperty, value);
                }
            }
            // 注册饼图宽度属性
            public static readonly DependencyProperty PieWidthProperty =
                   DependencyProperty.Register("PieWidth", typeof(double), typeof(PiePlotter), new PropertyMetadata(0.0));

            // 饼图宽度
            public double PieWidth
            {
                get { return (double)GetValue(PieWidthProperty); }
                set { SetValue(PieWidthProperty, value); }
            }

            #endregion
            // 饼图的片形PiePiece的集合
            private List<PiePiece> piePieces = new List<PiePiece>();
            // 选中的当前饼图的数据项
            private PieDataItem CurrentItem;

            public PiePlotter()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }

            // 初始化展示饼图的方法
            public void ShowPie()
            {
                // 获取控件的数据上下文,转化成数据集合
                List<PieDataItem> myCollectionView = (List<PieDataItem>)this.DataContext;
                if (myCollectionView == null)
                    return;
                // 半径的大小
                double halfWidth = PieWidth / 2; 
                // 内圆半径大小
                double innerRadius = halfWidth * HoleSize;
                // 计算图表数据的总和
                double total = 0;
                foreach (PieDataItem item in myCollectionView)
                {
                    total += item.Value;
                }
                // 通过PiePiece构建饼图
                LayoutRoot.Children.Clear();
                piePieces.Clear();
                double accumulativeAngle = 0;
                foreach (PieDataItem item in myCollectionView)
                {
                    bool selectedItem = item == CurrentItem;
                    double wedgeAngle = item.Value * 360 / total;
                    // 根据数据来创建饼图的每一块图形
                    PiePiece piece = new PiePiece()
                    {
                        Radius = halfWidth,
                        InnerRadius = innerRadius,
                        CentreX = halfWidth,
                        CentreY = halfWidth,
                        PushOut = (selectedItem ? 10.0 : 0),
                        WedgeAngle = wedgeAngle,
                        PieceValue = item.Value,
                        RotationAngle = accumulativeAngle,
                        Fill = item.Brush,
                        Tag = item
                    };
                    // 添加饼图片形的点击事件
                    piece.Tapped += piece_Tapped;
                    piePieces.Add(piece);
                    LayoutRoot.Children.Add(piece);
                    accumulativeAngle += wedgeAngle;
                }
            }
        
            void piece_Tapped(object sender, TappedRoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                PiePiece piePiece = sender as PiePiece;
                CurrentItem = piePiece.Tag as PieDataItem;
                ShowPie();
            }
        }
    }

    在调用饼图控件时需要引用控件所属的空间,然后在XAML上调用饼图控件。

MainPage.xaml文件主要代码
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ……省略若干代码
xmlns:local="using:PieChartDemo"
    ……省略若干代码
    <local:PiePlotter x:Name="piePlotter" Width="400" Height="400" PieWidth="400" HoleSize="0.2"></local:PiePlotter>

    在C#代码里面,对饼图的DataContext属性进行赋值饼图的数据集合,然后调用ShowPie方法初始化饼图。代码如下:

MainPage.xaml.cs文件主要代码
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public MainPage()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        List<PieDataItem> datas=new List<PieDataItem>();
        datas.Add(new PieDataItem{ Value=30, Brush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red)});
        datas.Add(new PieDataItem { Value = 40, Brush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Orange) });
        datas.Add(new PieDataItem { Value = 50, Brush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Blue) });
        datas.Add(new PieDataItem { Value = 30, Brush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.LightGray) });
        datas.Add(new PieDataItem { Value = 20, Brush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Purple) });
        datas.Add(new PieDataItem { Value = 40, Brush = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Green) });
        piePlotter.DataContext = datas;
        piePlotter.ShowPie();
    }

[深入浅出Windows 10]实现饼图控件_第2张图片

本文来源于《深入浅出Windows 10通用应用开发》

源代码下载:http://vdisk.weibo.com/u/2186322691

目录:http://www.cnblogs.com/linzheng/p/5021428.html

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