Java实践（十一）——五子棋
一、实践目标：
1.掌握JavaGUI界面设计
2.掌握鼠标事件的监听（MouseListener，MouseMotionListener）
二、实践内容：
设计一个简单的五子棋程序，能够实现五子棋下棋过程。如下图所示
五子棋运行界面
1.五子棋棋盘类
package cn.edu.ouc.fiveChess;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Cursor;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.RadialGradientPaint;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* 五子棋--棋盘类
*/
public class ChessBoard extends JPanel implements MouseListener {
public static final int MARGIN=30;//边距
public static final int GRID_SPAN=35;//网格间距
public static final int ROWS=15;//棋盘行数
public static final int COLS=15;//棋盘列数
Point[] chessList=new Point[(ROWS+1)*(COLS+1)];//初始每个数组元素为null
boolean isBlack=true;//默认开始是黑棋先
boolean gameOver=false;//游戏是否结束
int chessCount;//当前棋盘棋子的个数
int xIndex,yIndex;//当前刚下棋子的索引
Image img;
Image shadows;
Color colortemp;
public ChessBoard(){
// setBackground(Color.blue);//设置背景色为橘黄色
img=Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("board.jpg");
shadows=Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("shadows.jpg");
addMouseListener(this);
addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionListener(){
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){
}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){
int x1=(e.getX()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
//将鼠标点击的坐标位置转成网格索引
int y1=(e.getY()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
//游戏已经结束不能下
//落在棋盘外不能下
//x，y位置已经有棋子存在，不能下
if(x1<0||x1>ROWS||y1<0||y1>COLS||gameOver||findChess(x1,y1))
setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.DEFAULT_CURSOR));
//设置成默认状态
else setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR));
}
});
}
//绘制
public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
super.paintComponent(g);//画棋盘
int imgWidth= img.getWidth(this);
int imgHeight=img.getHeight(this);//获得图片的宽度与高度
int FWidth=getWidth();
int FHeight=getHeight();//获得窗口的宽度与高度
int x=(FWidth-imgWidth)/2;
int y=(FHeight-imgHeight)/2;
g.drawImage(img, x, y, null);
for(int i=0;i<=ROWS;i++){//画横线
g.drawLine(MARGIN, MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN+COLS*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN);
}
for(int i=0;i<=COLS;i++){//画竖线
g.drawLine(MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN, MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN+ROWS*GRID_SPAN);
}
//画棋子
for(int i=0;i<chessCount;i++){
//网格交叉点x，y坐标
int xPos=chessList[i].getX()*GRID_SPAN+MARGIN;
int yPos=chessList[i].getY()*GRID_SPAN+MARGIN;
g.setColor(chessList[i].getColor());//设置颜色
// g.fillOval(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2,
//Point.DIAMETER, Point.DIAMETER);
//g.drawImage(shadows, xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, Point.DIAMETER, Point.DIAMETER, null);
colortemp=chessList[i].getColor();
if(colortemp==Color.black){
RadialGradientPaint paint = new RadialGradientPaint(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+25, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+10, 20, new float[]{0f, 1f}
, new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK});
((Graphics2D) g).setPaint(paint);
((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_DEFAULT);
}
else if(colortemp==Color.white){
RadialGradientPaint paint = new RadialGradientPaint(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+25, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+10, 70, new float[]{0f, 1f}
, new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK});
((Graphics2D) g).setPaint(paint);
((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_DEFAULT);
}
Ellipse2D e = new Ellipse2D.Float(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, 34, 35);
((Graphics2D) g).fill(e);
//标记最后一个棋子的红矩形框
if(i==chessCount-1){//如果是最后一个棋子
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawRect(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2,
34, 35);
}
}
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){//鼠标在组件上按下时调用
//游戏结束时，不再能下
if(gameOver) return;
String colorName=isBlack?"黑棋":"白棋";
//将鼠标点击的坐标位置转换成网格索引
xIndex=(e.getX()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
yIndex=(e.getY()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
//落在棋盘外不能下
if(xIndex<0||xIndex>ROWS||yIndex<0||yIndex>COLS)
return;
//如果x，y位置已经有棋子存在，不能下
if(findChess(xIndex,yIndex))return;
//可以进行时的处理
Point ch=new Point(xIndex,yIndex,isBlack?Color.black:Color.white);
chessList[chessCount++]=ch;
repaint();//通知系统重新绘制
//如果胜出则给出提示信息，不能继续下棋
if(isWin()){
String msg=String.format("恭喜，%s赢了！", colorName);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg);
gameOver=true;
}
isBlack=!isBlack;
}
//覆盖mouseListener的方法
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
//鼠标按键在组件上单击时调用
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){
//鼠标进入到组件上时调用
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){
//鼠标离开组件时调用
}
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e){
//鼠标按钮在组件上释放时调用
}
//在棋子数组中查找是否有索引为x，y的棋子存在
private boolean findChess(int x,int y){
for(Point c:chessList){
if(c!=null&&c.getX()==x&&c.getY()==y)
return true;
}
return false;
}
private boolean isWin(){
int continueCount=1;//连续棋子的个数
//横向向西寻找
for(int x=xIndex-1;x>=0;x--){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(x,yIndex,c)!=null){
continueCount++;
}else
break;
}
//横向向东寻找
for(int x=xIndex+1;x<=COLS;x++){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(x,yIndex,c)!=null){
continueCount++;
}else
break;
}
if(continueCount>=5){
return true;
}else
continueCount=1;
//继续另一种搜索纵向
//向上搜索
for(int y=yIndex-1;y>=0;y--){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(xIndex,y,c)!=null){
continueCount++;
}else
break;
}
//纵向向下寻找
for(int y=yIndex+1;y<=ROWS;y++){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(xIndex,y,c)!=null)
continueCount++;
else
break;
}
if(continueCount>=5)
return true;
else
continueCount=1;
//继续另一种情况的搜索：斜向
//东北寻找
for(int x=xIndex+1,y=yIndex-1;y>=0&&x<=COLS;x++,y--){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null){
continueCount++;
}
else break;
}
//西南寻找
for(int x=xIndex-1,y=yIndex+1;x>=0&&y<=ROWS;x--,y++){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null){
continueCount++;
}
else break;
}
if(continueCount>=5)
return true;
else continueCount=1;
//继续另一种情况的搜索：斜向
//西北寻找
for(int x=xIndex-1,y=yIndex-1;x>=0&&y>=0;x--,y--){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null)
continueCount++;
else break;
}
//东南寻找
for(int x=xIndex+1,y=yIndex+1;x<=COLS&&y<=ROWS;x++,y++){
Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null)
continueCount++;
else break;
}
if(continueCount>=5)
return true;
else continueCount=1;
return false;
}
private Point getChess(int xIndex,int yIndex,Color color){
for(Point p:chessList){
if(p!=null&&p.getX()==xIndex&&p.getY()==yIndex
&&p.getColor()==color)
return p;
}
return null;
}
public void restartGame(){
//清除棋子
for(int i=0;i<chessList.length;i++){
chessList[i]=null;
}
//恢复游戏相关的变量值
isBlack=true;
gameOver=false; //游戏是否结束
chessCount =0; //当前棋盘棋子个数
repaint();
}
//悔棋
public void goback(){
if(chessCount==0)
return ;
chessList[chessCount-1]=null;
chessCount--;
if(chessCount>0){
xIndex=chessList[chessCount-1].getX();
yIndex=chessList[chessCount-1].getY();
}
isBlack=!isBlack;
repaint();
}
//矩形Dimension
public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
return new Dimension(MARGIN*2+GRID_SPAN*COLS,MARGIN*2
+GRID_SPAN*ROWS);
}
}
2.棋子类
package cn.edu.ouc.fiveChess;
import java.awt.Color;
/**
* 棋子类
*/
public class Point {
private int x;//棋盘中的x索引
private int y;//棋盘中的y索引
private Color color;//颜色
public static final int DIAMETER=30;//直径
public Point(int x,int y,Color color){
this.x=x;
this.y=y;
this.color=color;
}
public int getX(){//拿到棋盘中x的索引
return x;
}
public int getY(){
return y;
}
public Color getColor(){//获得棋子的颜色
return color;
}
}
3.五子棋主框架类
package cn.edu.ouc.fiveChess;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/*
五子棋主框架類，程序啟動類
*/
public class StartChessJFrame extends JFrame {
private ChessBoard chessBoard;
private JPanel toolbar;
private JButton startButton,backButton,exitButton;
private JMenuBar menuBar;
private JMenu sysMenu;
private JMenuItem startMenuItem,exitMenuItem,backMenuItem;
//重新开始，退出，和悔棋菜单项
public StartChessJFrame(){
setTitle("单机版五子棋");//设置标题
chessBoard=new ChessBoard();
Container contentPane=getContentPane();
contentPane.add(chessBoard);
chessBoard.setOpaque(true);
//创建和添加菜单
menuBar =new JMenuBar();//初始化菜单栏
sysMenu=new JMenu("系统");//初始化菜单
//初始化菜单项
startMenuItem=new JMenuItem("重新开始");
exitMenuItem =new JMenuItem("退出");
backMenuItem =new JMenuItem("悔棋");
//将三个菜单项添加到菜单上
sysMenu.add(startMenuItem);
sysMenu.add(exitMenuItem);
sysMenu.add(backMenuItem);
//初始化按钮事件监听器内部类
MyItemListener lis=new MyItemListener();
//将三个菜单注册到事件监听器上
this.startMenuItem.addActionListener(lis);
backMenuItem.addActionListener(lis);
exitMenuItem.addActionListener(lis);
menuBar.add(sysMenu);//将系统菜单添加到菜单栏上
setJMenuBar(menuBar);//将menuBar设置为菜单栏
toolbar=new JPanel();//工具面板实例化
//三个按钮初始化
startButton=new JButton("重新开始");
exitButton=new JButton("退出");
backButton=new JButton("悔棋");
//将工具面板按钮用FlowLayout布局
toolbar.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
//将三个按钮添加到工具面板
toolbar.add(startButton);
toolbar.add(exitButton);
toolbar.add(backButton);
//将三个按钮注册监听事件
startButton.addActionListener(lis);
exitButton.addActionListener(lis);
backButton.addActionListener(lis);
//将工具面板布局到界面”南方“也就是下方
add(toolbar,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(chessBoard);//将面板对象添加到窗体上
//设置界面关闭事件
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//setSize(800,800);
pack();//自适应大小
}
private class MyItemListener implements ActionListener{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
Object obj=e.getSource();//获得事件源
if(obj==StartChessJFrame.this.startMenuItem||obj==startButton){
//重新开始
//JFiveFrame.this内部类引用外部类
System.out.println("重新开始");
chessBoard.restartGame();
}
else if (obj==exitMenuItem||obj==exitButton)
System.exit(0);
else if (obj==backMenuItem||obj==backButton){
System.out.println("悔棋...");
chessBoard.goback();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
StartChessJFrame f=new StartChessJFrame();//创建主框架
f.setVisible(true);//显示主框架
}
}
三、总结
1.菜单的设计与实现？
2.鼠标点击棋盘后，如何绘制棋子？如何为刚下的棋子绘制一个红色框？
3.棋谱是如何一个数据结构？