/* 设置套接字选项周期性消息检测连通性 心跳包、 心博。主要用于长连接。 * 参数:套接字, 1或0开启, 首次间隔时间, 两次间隔时间, 断开次数 */ void setKeepAlive( int iSockfd , int iSockAttrOn, socklen_t iIdleTime , socklen_t iInterval , socklen_t iCount ){ setsockopt( iSockfd , SOL_SOCKET , SO_KEEPALIVE , (const char*)&iSockAttrOn , sizeof(iSockAttrOn) ); setsockopt( iSockfd , SOL_TCP , TCP_KEEPIDLE , (const char*)&iIdleTime , sizeof(iIdleTime) ); setsockopt( iSockfd , SOL_TCP , TCP_KEEPINTVL , (const char*)&iInterval,sizeof(iInterval) ); setsockopt( iSockfd , SOL_TCP , TCP_KEEPCNT , (const char*)&iCount,sizeof(iCount) ); } /* 绑定地址复用. 主要用于TCP Server端 */ setsockopt(iSockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &iSockAttrOn,sizeof(iSockAttrOn) );
SO_KEEPALIVE 保持连接检测对方主机是否崩溃,避免(服务器)永远阻塞于TCP连接的输入。设置该选项后,如果2小时内在此套接口的任一方向都没有数据交换(即服务器没有发送数据或者接收数据),TCP就自动给对方发一个保持存活探测分节(keepalive probe)。这是一个对方必须响应的TCP分节.它会导致以下三种情况:
如果我们不能接受如此之长的等待时间,从TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO上可以知道一共有两种方式可以设置。
echo 30 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time echo 10 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_intvl echo 3 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_probes
1) The tcp_keepidle parameter specifies the interval of inactivity that causes TCP to generate a KEEPALIVE transmission for an application that requests them. tcp_keepidle defaults to 14400 (two hours).
/*开始首次KeepAlive探测前的TCP空闭时间 */
2) The tcp_keepintvl parameter specifies the interval between the nine retries that are attempted if a KEEPALIVE transmission is not acknowledged. tcp_keepintvl defaults to 150 (75 seconds).
/* 两次KeepAlive探测间的时间间隔 */
3) The tcp_keepcnt option specifies the maximum number of keepalive probes to be sent. The value of TCP_KEEPCNT is an integer value between 1 and n, where n is the value of the systemwide tcp_keepcnt parameter.
/* 判定断开前的KeepAlive探测次数
int keepIdle = 1000; int keepInterval = 10; int keepCount = 10; Setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_TCP, TCP_KEEPIDLE, (void *)&keepIdle, sizeof(keepIdle)); Setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_TCP,TCP_KEEPINTVL, (void *)&keepInterval, sizeof(keepInterval)); Setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_TCP, TCP_KEEPCNT, (void *)&keepCount, sizeof(keepCount));
Remember that keepalive is not program?related, but socket?related, so if you have multiple sockets, you can handle keepalive for each of them separately.
我们需要注意的TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO上这段话:
Remember that keepalive is not program−related, but socket−related, so if you have multiple sockets, you can handle keepalive for each of them separately.
这些属性是sockt继承的,即listen的套接字设置该属性后,后面建立连接后的accept 套接字同样继承该属性(心跳属性)。
如果心搏函数要维护客户端的存活,即服务器必须每隔一段时间必须向客户段发送一定的数据,那么使用SO_KEEPALIVE是有很大的不足的。因为SO_KEEPALIVE选项指"此套接口的任一方向都没有数据交换"。在Linux 2.6系列上,上面话的理解是只要打开SO_KEEPALIVE选项的套接口端检测到数据发送或者数据接收就认为是数据交换。即在非正常断开的情况下(服务器没有收到“FIN”或者“RST”包),上层程序还是可以正常发送包到缓冲区的,而客户端已经异常断开,导致TCP会自动进行重传,重传包的优先级高于keepalive包,那就意味着keepalive总是不能发送出去,这时我们并不知道该连接已经出错而中断,在较长时间的重传失败之后,再发keepalive之后我们才知道客户端异常退出。
阅读此博客时,可以参考后面的博客<<UNIX网络编程——客户/服务器心搏函数>>和<<UNIX网络编程——socket的keep-alive>>。