>>> d = { " server " : " mpilgrim " , " database " : " master " }
>>> d
{ ' server ' : ' mpilgrim ' , ' database ' : ' master ' }
>>> d[ " server " ]
' mpilgrim '
>>> d[ " database " ]
' master '
>>> d[ " mpilgrim " ]
Traceback (innermost last):
File " <interactive input> " , line 1 , in ?
KeyError: mpilgrim
2、每一个key是大小写敏感的
3、给一个dictionary添加一个新item:dictName[newKey] = newValue。如果newKey存在,则newValue会覆盖原来的value。这也表明添加、修改item用的是相同的语法。
4、value的类型可以是任意的,同一个dictionary中的value的类型并不需要一致。key的类型必须是所有不可变的类型,tuple有时也可以作为key,这时候tuple不能包含可变类型,不管是直接包含还是间接包含。
5、del D[k]删除一个key是k的item。
6、操作 k in D 可以用来检查 key k 是否包含在D的所有keys中
7
Method |
Description |
---|---|
Nonmutating methods |
|
D.copy( ) |
Returns a shallow copy of the dictionary (a copy whose items are the same objects as D's, not copies thereof) |
D.has_key(k) |
Returns TRue if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns False, just like kinD |
D.items( ) |
Returns a new list with all items (key/value pairs) in D |
D.keys( ) |
Returns a new list with all keys in D |
D.values( ) |
Returns a new list with all values in D |
D.iteritems( ) |
Returns an iterator on all items (key/value pairs) in D |
D.iterkeys( ) |
Returns an iterator on all keys in D |
D.itervalues( ) |
Returns an iterator on all values in D |
D.get(k[,x]) |
Returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns x (or None, if x is not given) |
Mutating methods |
|
D.clear( ) |
Removes all items from D, leaving D empty |
D.update(D1) |
For each k in D1, sets D[k] equal to D1[k] |
D.setdefault(k[,x]) |
Returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, sets D[k] equal to x and returns x |
D.pop(k[,x]) |
Removes and returns D[k] if k is a key in D; otherwise, returns x (or raises an exception if x is not given) |
D.popitem( ) |
Removes and returns an arbitrary item (key/value pair) |