Python 学习入门(31)—— 序列化

Python内置marshal, cPickle等序列化库,但cPickle效率不太理想,marshal文档也说不保证版本兼容性。今天在列表中看到几个第三方库,故自己测试下:

安装第三方库 tnetstring: sudo pip install tnetstring     # 然后添加到PyDev应用库(Console 直接 import tnetstring)

测试脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys, os, time
import cPickle
import marshal
import shelve
import tnetstring
import msgpack

def get_dict():
    d = {}
    for i in xrange(500000):
        d[i] = "abcd" * 10

    return d

import time, functools

def timeit(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def __do__(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.time()
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print '%s used time %ss' % (func.__name__, time.time() - start)
        return result
    return __do__

@timeit
def marshal_dump(d):
    return marshal.dumps(d)

@timeit
def marshal_load(s):
    return marshal.loads(s)

def marshal_test(d):
    s = marshal_dump(d)
    marshal_load(s)

@timeit
def cPickle_dump(d):
    return cPickle.dumps(d, cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)

@timeit
def cPickle_load(s):
    return cPickle.loads(s)

def cPickle_test(d):
    s = cPickle_dump(d)
    cPickle_load(s)

@timeit
def tnetstring_dump(d):
    return tnetstring.dumps(d)

@timeit
def tnetstring_load(s):
    return tnetstring.loads(s)

def tnetstring_test(d):
    s = tnetstring_dump(d)
    tnetstring_load(s)

@timeit
def msgpack_dump(d):
    return msgpack.packb(d)

@timeit
def msgpack_load(s):
    return msgpack.unpackb(s)

def msgpack_test(d):
    s = msgpack_dump(d)
    msgpack_load(s)

def main():
    d = get_dict()
    marshal_test(d)
    cPickle_test(d)
    tnetstring_test(d)
    msgpack_test(d)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

运行结果:

marshal_dump used time 0.0640780925751s
marshal_load used time 0.0637950897217s
cPickle_dump used time 0.0497329235077s
cPickle_load used time 0.0702350139618s
tnetstring_dump used time 0.0855898857117s
tnetstring_load used time 0.0689609050751s
msgpack_dump used time 0.0564160346985s
msgpack_load used time 0.0650169849396s


结论:

  • cPickle序列化采用了marshal,反序列化采用了pickle,所以速度优化了很多(订正)
  • marshal虽然有不兼容隐患,但如果能保证相同的Python版本,还是可以一用
  • tnetstring无论序列化或反序列化速度都比较中庸
  • msgpack反序列化最快,如果读多写少的应用场景是最佳选择。而且msgpack支持多语言。

参考推荐:

pickle, cPickle 对象序列化/反序列化


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