Observer模式(转摘自 诗特林 Blog)

Observer模式(转摘自 诗特林 Blog)

一、要完成的任务

此系统中的三个部分是气象站(获取实际气象数据的物理装置)、WeatherData对象(追踪来自气象站的数据,并更新布告板)和布告板(显示目前天气状况给用户看)。



 

二、Observer模式

1、定义观察者模式

观察者模式定义了对象之间的一对多依赖,这样一来,当一个对象改变状态时,它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新。



 

2.设计气象站




 

三、代码实现

1.定义接口

1Subject接口

Subject.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

public  interface  Subject  {
    
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
    
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
    
public void notifyObservers();
}


 

2Observer接口

Observer.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

public  interface  Observer  {
    
public void update(float temp,float humidity,float pressure);
}

 

3Displayment接口

Displayment.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

public  interface  Displayment  {
    
public void display();
}

2.实现接口

1WeatherData

WeatherData.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

import  java.util.ArrayList;

public  class  WeatherData  implements  Subject  {
    
private ArrayList observers;
    
private float temperature;
    
private float humidity;
    
private float pressure;
    
    
public WeatherData(){
        observers
=new ArrayList();
    }

    
    
public void notifyObservers() {
        
for(int i=0;i<observers.size();i++){
            Observer observer
=(Observer)observers.get(i);
            observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        }

    }


    
public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
        observers.add(o);
    }


    
public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
        
int i=observers.indexOf(o);
        
if(i>=0){
            observers.remove(i);
        }

    }

    
public void measurementsChanged(){
        notifyObservers();
    }

    
public void setMeasurements(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure){
        
this.temperature=temperature;
        
this.humidity=humidity;
        
this.pressure=pressure;
        measurementsChanged();
    }

}


 

2CurrentConditionsDisplay

CurrentConditionsDisplay.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

public  class  CurrentConditionsDisplay  implements  Observer, Displayment  {
    
private float temperature;
    
private float humidity;
    
private Subject weatherData;
    
    
public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData){
        
this.weatherData=weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(
this);
    }

    
    
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        
this.temperature=temp;
        
this.humidity=humidity;
        display();
    }


    
public void display() {
        System.out.println(
"Current conditions:"+temperature+"F degrees and "+humidity+"% humidity");
    }


}


 

3StatisticsDisplay

StatisticsDisplay.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

import  java.util. * ;

public  class  StatisticsDisplay  implements  Observer, Displayment  {
    
private float maxTemp = 0.0f;
    
private float minTemp = 200;
    
private float tempSum= 0.0f;
    
private int numReadings;
    
private WeatherData weatherData;

    
public StatisticsDisplay(WeatherData weatherData) {
        
this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(
this);
    }


    
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        tempSum 
+= temp;
        numReadings
++;

        
if (temp > maxTemp) {
            maxTemp 
= temp;
        }

 
        
if (temp < minTemp) {
            minTemp 
= temp;
        }


        display();
    }


    
public void display() {
        System.out.println(
"Avg/Max/Min temperature = " + (tempSum / numReadings)
            
+ "/" + maxTemp + "/" + minTemp);
    }

}


 

4ForecastDisplay

ForecastDisplay.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

import  java.util. * ;

public  class  ForecastDisplay  implements  Observer, Displayment  {
    
private float currentPressure = 29.92f;  
    
private float lastPressure;
    
private WeatherData weatherData;

    
public ForecastDisplay(WeatherData weatherData) {
        
this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(
this);
    }


    
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
                lastPressure 
= currentPressure;
        currentPressure 
= pressure;

        display();
    }


    
public void display() {
        System.out.print(
"Forecast: ");
        
if (currentPressure > lastPressure) {
            System.out.println(
"Improving weather on the way!");
        }
 else if (currentPressure == lastPressure) {
            System.out.println(
"More of the same");
        }
 else if (currentPressure < lastPressure) {
            System.out.println(
"Watch out for cooler, rainy weather");
        }

    }

}


 

3.实现气象站

WeatherStation.java

package  com.sterning.ch2_observer;

public  class  WeatherStation  {
    
public static void main(String[] args){
        WeatherData weatherData
=new WeatherData();
        
        CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay
=new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
        StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay 
= new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);
        ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay 
= new ForecastDisplay(weatherData);
        
        weatherData.setMeasurements(
806530.4f);
        weatherData.setMeasurements(
827029.2f);
        weatherData.setMeasurements(
789029.2f);        
        
    }

}

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