硬件平台:FL2440
内核版本:2.6.28
主机平台:Ubuntu 11.04
内核版本:2.6.39
原创作品,转载请标明出处http://blog.csdn.net/yming0221/article/details/6580981
1、下面是ADC和触摸屏接口的模块图
当触摸屏接口使用时,XM或YM接触摸屏接口的地
当触摸屏接口不使用时,XM或YM接模拟信号,做普通ADC使用。
2、触摸屏接口的几种操作模式
(1) 正常转换模式
通过设置ADCCON(adc控制寄存器)来完成初始化,并对ADCDAT0数据寄存器进行操作。
(2) 分离XY坐标模式
X坐标模式写X坐标转换数据到ADCDAT0,触摸屏接口产生中断到中断控制寄存器。Y坐标模式写Y坐标转换数据到ADCDAT1,触摸屏接口产生中断到中断控制寄存器。两种模
式可以选择一种模式工作。
相应的引脚连接:
(3) 自动XY坐标模式
触摸屏控制器连续的转换X和Y的坐标,在X坐标转换后的值存入ADCDAT0后,自动将Y坐标转换后的值存入ADCDAT1,触摸屏接口产生中断到中断控制器。
相应的引脚连接:
(4) 等待中断模式
当光标被按下,触摸屏控制器产生中断IRQ_TC,当产生中断信号时,等待中断模式必须被清除。
引脚定义如下:
3、下面是s3c2440触摸屏驱动的分析
//#define CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/input.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/serio.h> #include <linux/delay.h> #include <linux/platform_device.h> #include <linux/clk.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <asm/irq.h> #include <mach/regs-gpio.h> #include <mach/s3c2410_ts.h> #include <plat/regs-adc.h> #define TRUE 1 //CoAsia added #define FALSE 0 //CoAsia added #define FILTER_LIMIT 25 //CoAsia added /* For ts.dev.id.version */ #define S3C2410TSVERSION 0x0101 #define TSC_SLEEP (S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(0)) #define WAIT4INT(x) (((x)<<8) | \ S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \ S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(3)) #define AUTOPST (S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \ S3C2410_ADCTSC_AUTO_PST | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(0)) #define DEBUG_LVL "<3>" //KERN_DEBUG static char *s3c2440ts_name = "s3c2440 TouchScreen"; /* * Per-touchscreen data. */ //定义s3c2440触摸屏使用的数据结构体 struct s3c2440ts { struct input_dev *dev; long xp; long yp; int count; int shift; }; static struct s3c2440ts ts; static struct clk *adc_clock; //__iomem声明地址空间是设备地址映射空间 static void __iomem *base_addr; //函数声明 static void touch_timer_fire(unsigned long data); static irqreturn_t tc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id); static irqreturn_t adc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id); static int __init s3c2440ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev); static int s3c2440ts_remove(struct platform_device *pdev); static int s3c2440ts_resume(struct platform_device *pdev); //定义定时器 static struct timer_list touch_timer = TIMER_INITIALIZER(touch_timer_fire, 0, 0); //IRQ_TC中断处理函数 static irqreturn_t tc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { //data0,data1用于存放读取的ADCDAT数据寄存器的值 unsigned long data0; unsigned long data1; int updown;//用于存放光标的按下或提起的状态 //读取ADCDAT0、ADCDAT1数据寄存器的值 data0 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0); data1 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1); //查看数据寄存器的第15位的值 updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)); /* TODO we should never get an interrupt with updown set while * the timer is running, but maybe we ought to verify that the * timer isn't running anyways. */ //如果data0和data1的第15位都是0,则updown为1,则通过函数touch_timer_fire()函数来启动ADC转换 if (updown) touch_timer_fire(0); return IRQ_HANDLED; } static void touch_timer_fire(unsigned long data) { //用于存储数据寄存器ADCDAT0、ADCDAT1的值 unsigned long data0; unsigned long data1; //用于存放光标是否被按下 int updown; data0 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0); data1 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1); updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)); //printk("The number of 'updown' is %d\n ",updown); //如果光标被按下,执行 if (updown) { //ts.count!=0表示ADC已经转换过,下面就报告事件和光标位置数据 if (ts.count != 0) { ts.xp >>= ts.shift;//这里shift为2,这里实际上是求均值,四次的和/4,这样定位更加准确 ts.yp >>= ts.shift; #ifdef CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG { struct timeval tv; do_gettimeofday(&tv); printk(DEBUG_LVL "T: %06d, X: %03ld, Y: %03ld\n", (int)tv.tv_usec, ts.xp, ts.yp); } #endif /* 下面的函数位于/include/linux/input.h,作用是报告事件 static inline void input_report_abs(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int code, int value) { input_event(dev, EV_ABS, code, value); } */ //报告X,Y的绝对坐标 input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_X, ts.xp); input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_Y, ts.yp); //报告事件,1代表光标被按下 input_report_key(ts.dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1); //报告触摸屏状态,1代表触摸屏被按下 input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 1); //等待接收方的确认,用于事件的同步 input_sync(ts.dev); } //现在光标被按下,并且ADC转换没有启动 ts.xp = 0; ts.yp = 0; ts.count = 0; //设置触摸屏控制寄存器的值为 0xdc B:1101 1100,设置控制寄存器上拉无效,自动转换X,Y坐标 //printk("S3C2410_ADCTSC: 0x%x\n",S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST); writel(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC); //启动ADC转换 writel(readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON); } else//光标没有被按下 { ts.count = 0; //报告事件及光标的位置状态 input_report_key(ts.dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0); input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0); //等待接收方的应答,用于同步 input_sync(ts.dev); //设置触摸屏控制寄存器为等待中断模式 writel(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC); } } static irqreturn_t adc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { //用于存放数据寄存器的数据 unsigned long data0; unsigned long data1; //读取数据,这次主要读取的是位置数据 data0 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0); data1 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1); ts.xp += data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_XPDATA_MASK;//累加四次准换结果的X坐标和 ts.yp += data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT1_YPDATA_MASK;//累加四次准换结果的Y坐标和 ts.count++;//转换次数加一 //如果转换次数小于4 if (ts.count < (1<<ts.shift)) { //再次设置触摸屏控制寄存器上拉不使能、自动X、Y转换模式 writel(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC); //再次启动ADC转换 writel(readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON); } else//这时,ADC转换四次完成,延迟一个系统滴答,执行touch_timer_fire()函数 { mod_timer(&touch_timer, jiffies+1); writel(WAIT4INT(1), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC); } return IRQ_HANDLED; } /* * The functions for inserting/removing us as a module. */ /* 该结构体定义在/include/linux/platform_device.h struct platform_device { const char * name; int id; struct device dev; u32 num_resources; struct resource * resource; }; */ static int __init s3c2440ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { int rc; /* 下面结构体定义在/include/mach/s3c2410_ts.h struct s3c2410_ts_mach_info { int delay; int presc; int oversampling_shift; }; */ struct s3c2410_ts_mach_info *info; struct input_dev *input_dev; /* void *platform_data;//Platform specific data, device core doesn't touch it */ info = ( struct s3c2440_ts_mach_info *)pdev->dev.platform_data; if (!info) { printk(KERN_ERR "Hm... too bad : no platform data for ts\n"); return -EINVAL; } #ifdef CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG printk(DEBUG_LVL "Entering s3c2440ts_init\n"); #endif //由于ADC转换需要时钟,这里获取时钟 adc_clock = clk_get(NULL, "adc"); if (!adc_clock) { printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get adc clock source\n"); return -ENOENT; } clk_enable(adc_clock);//使能时钟 #ifdef CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG printk(DEBUG_LVL "got and enabled clock\n"); #endif //通过ioremap实现物理地址到虚拟地址的转换 base_addr = ioremap(S3C2410_PA_ADC,0x20); if (base_addr == NULL) { printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to remap register block\n"); return -ENOMEM; } //设置ADCCON控制寄存器为0x4c40,设置预分频有效,预分频值为B:110001 D:49 //printk("ADCCON is 0x%x\n",S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN | S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(info->presc&0xFF)); if ((info->presc&0xff) > 0) writel(S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN | S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(info->presc&0xFF),\ base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON); else writel(0,base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON); /* Initialise registers */ /* 设置ADC开始延时寄存器ADCDLY: 0x4e20 */ //printk("ADCDLY: 0x%x\n",info->delay & 0xffff); if ((info->delay&0xffff) > 0) writel(info->delay & 0xffff, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDLY); /* 设置ADC触摸屏控制寄存器ADC_TSC: 0xd3 B:1101 0011 [8]检测光标按下中断信号 [7]YM输出驱动有效(GND) [6]YP输出驱动无效(AIN5) [5]XM输出驱动无效(Hi-z) [4]XP输出驱动无效(AIN7) [3]XP上拉有效 [2]普通ADC转换 [0:1]等待中断模式 测量X和Y的坐标 */ //printk("ADC_TSC: 0x%x\n",WAIT4INT(0)); writel(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC); /* Initialise input stuff */ memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(struct s3c2440ts)); /* 下面的函数 为新的输入设备分配内存。 使用free_device()释放没有被注册的函数,使用input_unregister_device()解除已经注册的设备 定义在/drivers/input/input.c struct input_dev *input_allocate_device(void) { struct input_dev *dev; dev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct input_dev), GFP_KERNEL); if (dev) { dev->dev.type = &input_dev_type; dev->dev.class = &input_class; device_initialize(&dev->dev); mutex_init(&dev->mutex); spin_lock_init(&dev->event_lock); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->h_list); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->node); __module_get(THIS_MODULE); } return dev; } */ input_dev = input_allocate_device(); if (!input_dev) { printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to allocate the input device !!\n"); return -ENOMEM; } //下面初始化输入设备信息 ts.dev = input_dev; ts.dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_SYN) | BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS); ts.dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] = BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH); input_set_abs_params(ts.dev, ABS_X, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0); input_set_abs_params(ts.dev, ABS_Y, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0); input_set_abs_params(ts.dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0, 1, 0, 0); //ts.dev->private = &ts; ts.dev->name = s3c2440ts_name; ts.dev->id.bustype = BUS_RS232; ts.dev->id.vendor = 0xDEAD; ts.dev->id.product = 0xBEEF; ts.dev->id.version = S3C2410TSVERSION; ts.shift = info->oversampling_shift; //printk("shift: %d\n",ts.shift); /* Get irqs */ //申请ADC中断,注意,中断类型为IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM | IRQF_SHARED,这样在使用触摸屏的时候 //可以调试自己的ADC转换驱动,中断处理函数为adc_irq if (request_irq(IRQ_ADC, adc_irq, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM | IRQF_SHARED, "s3c2440_action", ts.dev)) { printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2440_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_ADC !\n"); iounmap(base_addr); return -EIO; } //申请TC中断,中断处理函数为tc_irq if (request_irq(IRQ_TC, tc_irq, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM, "s3c2440_action", ts.dev)) { printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2440_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_TC !\n"); free_irq(IRQ_ADC, ts.dev); iounmap(base_addr); return -EIO; } printk(KERN_INFO "%s successfully loaded\n", s3c2440ts_name); /* All went ok, so register to the input system */ /*这里注册设备 函数功能: * This function registers device with input core. The device must be * allocated with input_allocate_device() and all it's capabilities * set up before registering. * If function fails the device must be freed with input_free_device(). * Once device has been successfully registered it can be unregistered * with input_unregister_device(); input_free_device() should not be * called in this case. 函数原型如下: int input_register_device(struct input_dev *dev) { static atomic_t input_no = ATOMIC_INIT(0); struct input_handler *handler; const char *path; int error; __set_bit(EV_SYN, dev->evbit); init_timer(&dev->timer); if (!dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && !dev->rep[REP_PERIOD]) { dev->timer.data = (long) dev; dev->timer.function = input_repeat_key; dev->rep[REP_DELAY] = 250; dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] = 33; } if (!dev->getkeycode) dev->getkeycode = input_default_getkeycode; if (!dev->setkeycode) dev->setkeycode = input_default_setkeycode; snprintf(dev->dev.bus_id, sizeof(dev->dev.bus_id), "input%ld", (unsigned long) atomic_inc_return(&input_no) - 1); error = device_add(&dev->dev); if (error) return error; path = kobject_get_path(&dev->dev.kobj, GFP_KERNEL); printk(KERN_INFO "input: %s as %s\n", dev->name ? dev->name : "Unspecified device", path ? path : "N/A"); kfree(path); error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&input_mutex); if (error) { device_del(&dev->dev); return error; } list_add_tail(&dev->node, &input_dev_list); list_for_each_entry(handler, &input_handler_list, node) input_attach_handler(dev, handler); input_wakeup_procfs_readers(); mutex_unlock(&input_mutex); return 0; } */ rc = input_register_device(ts.dev); if (rc) { free_irq(IRQ_TC, ts.dev); free_irq(IRQ_ADC, ts.dev); clk_disable(adc_clock); iounmap(base_addr); return -EIO; } return 0; } static int s3c2440ts_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) { disable_irq(IRQ_ADC); disable_irq(IRQ_TC); free_irq(IRQ_TC,ts.dev); free_irq(IRQ_ADC,ts.dev); if (adc_clock) { clk_disable(adc_clock); clk_put(adc_clock); adc_clock = NULL; } input_unregister_device(ts.dev); iounmap(base_addr); return 0; } #ifdef CONFIG_PM static int s3c2440ts_suspend(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state) { writel(TSC_SLEEP, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC); writel(readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_STDBM, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON); disable_irq(IRQ_ADC); disable_irq(IRQ_TC); clk_disable(adc_clock); return 0; } static int s3c2440ts_resume(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct s3c2440_ts_mach_info *info = ( struct s3c2440_ts_mach_info *)pdev->dev.platform_data; clk_enable(adc_clock); msleep(1); enable_irq(IRQ_ADC); enable_irq(IRQ_TC); if ((info->presc&0xff) > 0) writel(S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN | S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(info->presc&0xFF),\ base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON); else writel(0,base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON); /* Initialise registers */ if ((info->delay&0xffff) > 0) writel(info->delay & 0xffff, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDLY); writel(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC); return 0; } #else #define s3c2440ts_suspend NULL #define s3c2440ts_resume NULL #endif /* 下面是/linux/platform_device.h定义的platform_driver结构体 struct platform_driver { int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);//设备的检测,所以需要先前的设备注册 int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);//删除该设备 void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *); //关闭该设备 int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state); int (*suspend_late)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state); int (*resume_early)(struct platform_device *); int (*resume)(struct platform_device *); struct pm_ext_ops *pm; struct device_driver driver;//设备驱动,定义在include/linux/device.h中 }; 内核提供的platform_driver结构体的注册函数为platform_driver_register(),该函数定义在driver/base/platform.c中 */ static struct platform_driver s3c2440ts_driver = { .driver = { .name = "s3c2440-ts", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = s3c2440ts_probe, .remove = s3c2440ts_remove, .suspend = s3c2440ts_suspend, .resume = s3c2440ts_resume, }; static int __init s3c2440ts_init(void) { int rc; rc = platform_driver_register(&s3c2440ts_driver); if (rc < 0) printk(KERN_ERR "platform_driver_register error!\n"); return rc; } static void __exit s3c2440ts_exit(void) { platform_driver_unregister(&s3c2440ts_driver); } module_init(s3c2440ts_init); module_exit(s3c2440ts_exit); MODULE_AUTHOR("YANMING"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("My s3c2440 touchscreen driver"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");4、分析完成后对触摸屏的工作过程就有了一个比较明确的认识
从触摸屏被按下到系统相应的过程如下:
(1) 当触摸屏感觉到触摸,触发IRQ_TC中断,然后读取触摸屏控制寄存器的值,判断是否被按下,如果被按下,启动定时器,执行touch_timer_fire()函数启动ADC转换。
(2) ADC转换完成后,会触发IRQ_ADC中断,执行相应的中断处理函数,如果ADC转换次数小于4,再次启动ADC转换;如果ADC转换次数为4,则启动一个系统滴答定时器,执行touch_timer_fire()函数
(3) 执行定时器服务程序时,如果此时触摸屏仍被按下,则上报事件和坐标数据,重复(2);如果没有被按下,上报时间和坐标数据,将触摸屏控制寄存器设置为中断等待状态
可见,触摸屏驱动的服务是一个封闭的循环过程。