ARM-Linux驱动-触摸屏驱动分析

硬件平台:FL2440

内核版本:2.6.28

主机平台:Ubuntu 11.04

内核版本:2.6.39

原创作品,转载请标明出处http://blog.csdn.net/yming0221/article/details/6580981

1、下面是ADC和触摸屏接口的模块图

ARM-Linux驱动-触摸屏驱动分析_第1张图片

当触摸屏接口使用时,XM或YM接触摸屏接口的地

当触摸屏接口不使用时,XM或YM接模拟信号,做普通ADC使用。

2、触摸屏接口的几种操作模式

(1) 正常转换模式

通过设置ADCCON(adc控制寄存器)来完成初始化,并对ADCDAT0数据寄存器进行操作。

(2) 分离XY坐标模式

X坐标模式写X坐标转换数据到ADCDAT0,触摸屏接口产生中断到中断控制寄存器。Y坐标模式写Y坐标转换数据到ADCDAT1,触摸屏接口产生中断到中断控制寄存器。两种模

式可以选择一种模式工作。

相应的引脚连接:

(3) 自动XY坐标模式

触摸屏控制器连续的转换X和Y的坐标,在X坐标转换后的值存入ADCDAT0后,自动将Y坐标转换后的值存入ADCDAT1,触摸屏接口产生中断到中断控制器。

相应的引脚连接:

(4) 等待中断模式

当光标被按下,触摸屏控制器产生中断IRQ_TC,当产生中断信号时,等待中断模式必须被清除。

引脚定义如下:

3、下面是s3c2440触摸屏驱动的分析

//#define CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG

#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/serio.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>

#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <mach/s3c2410_ts.h>

#include <plat/regs-adc.h>

#define TRUE 1    //CoAsia added
#define FALSE 0    //CoAsia added
#define FILTER_LIMIT 25    //CoAsia added

/* For ts.dev.id.version */
#define S3C2410TSVERSION	0x0101

#define TSC_SLEEP  (S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(0))

#define WAIT4INT(x)  (((x)<<8) | \
		     S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \
		     S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(3))

#define AUTOPST	     (S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \
		     S3C2410_ADCTSC_AUTO_PST | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(0))

#define DEBUG_LVL   "<3>" //KERN_DEBUG

static char *s3c2440ts_name = "s3c2440 TouchScreen";

/*
 * Per-touchscreen data.
 */
//定义s3c2440触摸屏使用的数据结构体
struct s3c2440ts {
	struct input_dev *dev;
	long xp;
	long yp;
	int count;
	int shift;
};

static struct s3c2440ts ts;
static struct clk	*adc_clock;

//__iomem声明地址空间是设备地址映射空间
static void __iomem *base_addr;

//函数声明
static void touch_timer_fire(unsigned long data);
static irqreturn_t tc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id);
static irqreturn_t adc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id);
static int __init s3c2440ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev);
static int s3c2440ts_remove(struct platform_device *pdev);
static int s3c2440ts_resume(struct platform_device *pdev);

//定义定时器
static struct timer_list touch_timer =
		TIMER_INITIALIZER(touch_timer_fire, 0, 0);


//IRQ_TC中断处理函数
static irqreturn_t tc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	//data0,data1用于存放读取的ADCDAT数据寄存器的值
	unsigned long data0;
	unsigned long data1;
	int updown;//用于存放光标的按下或提起的状态
	
	//读取ADCDAT0、ADCDAT1数据寄存器的值
	data0 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);
	data1 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);
	
	//查看数据寄存器的第15位的值
	updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));

	/* TODO we should never get an interrupt with updown set while
	 * the timer is running, but maybe we ought to verify that the
	 * timer isn't running anyways. */
	 
	//如果data0和data1的第15位都是0,则updown为1,则通过函数touch_timer_fire()函数来启动ADC转换
	if (updown)
		touch_timer_fire(0);

	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static void touch_timer_fire(unsigned long data)
{
	//用于存储数据寄存器ADCDAT0、ADCDAT1的值
  	unsigned long data0;
  	unsigned long data1;
  	
  	//用于存放光标是否被按下
	int updown;

  	data0 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);
  	data1 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);

 	updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));
//printk("The number of 'updown' is %d\n ",updown);
	//如果光标被按下,执行
 	if (updown) 
 	{
 		//ts.count!=0表示ADC已经转换过,下面就报告事件和光标位置数据
 		if (ts.count != 0) 
 		{
			ts.xp >>= ts.shift;//这里shift为2,这里实际上是求均值,四次的和/4,这样定位更加准确
 			ts.yp >>= ts.shift;

#ifdef CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG
 			{
 				struct timeval tv;
 				do_gettimeofday(&tv);
 				printk(DEBUG_LVL "T: %06d, X: %03ld, Y: %03ld\n", (int)tv.tv_usec, ts.xp, ts.yp);
 			}
#endif
/*
下面的函数位于/include/linux/input.h,作用是报告事件
static inline void input_report_abs(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int code, int value)
{
	input_event(dev, EV_ABS, code, value);
}
*/
			//报告X,Y的绝对坐标
			input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_X, ts.xp);
 			input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_Y, ts.yp);
 			
			//报告事件,1代表光标被按下
 			input_report_key(ts.dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);
 			//报告触摸屏状态,1代表触摸屏被按下
 			input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 1);
 			//等待接收方的确认,用于事件的同步
 			input_sync(ts.dev);
 		}
		//现在光标被按下,并且ADC转换没有启动
 		ts.xp = 0;
 		ts.yp = 0;
 		ts.count = 0;
		
		//设置触摸屏控制寄存器的值为 0xdc B:1101 1100,设置控制寄存器上拉无效,自动转换X,Y坐标
		//printk("S3C2410_ADCTSC: 0x%x\n",S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST);
 		writel(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
 		//启动ADC转换
 		writel(readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
 	} 
 	else//光标没有被按下
 	{
 		ts.count = 0;
		//报告事件及光标的位置状态
 		input_report_key(ts.dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
 		input_report_abs(ts.dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);
 		//等待接收方的应答,用于同步
 		input_sync(ts.dev);
		//设置触摸屏控制寄存器为等待中断模式
 		writel(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
 	}
}


static irqreturn_t adc_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	//用于存放数据寄存器的数据
	unsigned long data0;
	unsigned long data1;
	//读取数据,这次主要读取的是位置数据
	data0 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);
	data1 = readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);
	
	ts.xp += data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_XPDATA_MASK;//累加四次准换结果的X坐标和
	ts.yp += data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT1_YPDATA_MASK;//累加四次准换结果的Y坐标和

	ts.count++;//转换次数加一
	
	//如果转换次数小于4
    if (ts.count < (1<<ts.shift)) 
    {
    	//再次设置触摸屏控制寄存器上拉不使能、自动X、Y转换模式
		writel(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
		//再次启动ADC转换
		writel(readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
	}
	else//这时,ADC转换四次完成,延迟一个系统滴答,执行touch_timer_fire()函数
	{
		mod_timer(&touch_timer, jiffies+1); 
		writel(WAIT4INT(1), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
	}

	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}



/*
 * The functions for inserting/removing us as a module.
 */
/*
该结构体定义在/include/linux/platform_device.h
struct platform_device {
	const char	* name;
	int		id;
	struct device	dev;
	u32		num_resources;
	struct resource	* resource;
};
*/
static int __init s3c2440ts_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	int rc;
	/*
	下面结构体定义在/include/mach/s3c2410_ts.h
	struct s3c2410_ts_mach_info {
       int             delay;
       int             presc;
       int             oversampling_shift;
	};
	*/
	struct s3c2410_ts_mach_info *info;
	struct input_dev *input_dev;
	/*
		void		*platform_data;//Platform specific data, device core doesn't touch it 
	*/
	info = ( struct s3c2440_ts_mach_info *)pdev->dev.platform_data;

	if (!info)
	{
		printk(KERN_ERR "Hm... too bad : no platform data for ts\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG
	printk(DEBUG_LVL "Entering s3c2440ts_init\n");
#endif
	//由于ADC转换需要时钟,这里获取时钟
	adc_clock = clk_get(NULL, "adc");
	if (!adc_clock) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get adc clock source\n");
		return -ENOENT;
	}
	clk_enable(adc_clock);//使能时钟

#ifdef CONFIG_TOUCHSCREEN_S3C2410_DEBUG
	printk(DEBUG_LVL "got and enabled clock\n");
#endif
	//通过ioremap实现物理地址到虚拟地址的转换
	base_addr = ioremap(S3C2410_PA_ADC,0x20);
	if (base_addr == NULL) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to remap register block\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	
	//设置ADCCON控制寄存器为0x4c40,设置预分频有效,预分频值为B:110001 D:49
	//printk("ADCCON is 0x%x\n",S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN | S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(info->presc&0xFF));
	if ((info->presc&0xff) > 0)
		writel(S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN | S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(info->presc&0xFF),\
			     base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
	else
		writel(0,base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);


	/* Initialise registers */
	/*
		设置ADC开始延时寄存器ADCDLY: 0x4e20
	*/
	//printk("ADCDLY: 0x%x\n",info->delay & 0xffff);
	if ((info->delay&0xffff) > 0)
		writel(info->delay & 0xffff,  base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDLY);
	/*
		设置ADC触摸屏控制寄存器ADC_TSC: 0xd3 B:1101 0011
		[8]检测光标按下中断信号
		[7]YM输出驱动有效(GND)
		[6]YP输出驱动无效(AIN5)
		[5]XM输出驱动无效(Hi-z)
		[4]XP输出驱动无效(AIN7)
		[3]XP上拉有效
		[2]普通ADC转换
		[0:1]等待中断模式 测量X和Y的坐标
	*/
	//printk("ADC_TSC: 0x%x\n",WAIT4INT(0));
	writel(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);

	/* Initialise input stuff */
	memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(struct s3c2440ts));

	/*
	下面的函数
	为新的输入设备分配内存。
	使用free_device()释放没有被注册的函数,使用input_unregister_device()解除已经注册的设备
	定义在/drivers/input/input.c
	struct input_dev *input_allocate_device(void)
	{
	struct input_dev *dev;

	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct input_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (dev) {
		dev->dev.type = &input_dev_type;
		dev->dev.class = &input_class;
		device_initialize(&dev->dev);
		mutex_init(&dev->mutex);
		spin_lock_init(&dev->event_lock);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->h_list);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->node);

		__module_get(THIS_MODULE);
	}
	return dev;
	}
	*/
	input_dev = input_allocate_device();

	if (!input_dev) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to allocate the input device !!\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	//下面初始化输入设备信息
	ts.dev = input_dev;
	ts.dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_SYN) | BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) |
			   BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);
	ts.dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] = BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);
	input_set_abs_params(ts.dev, ABS_X, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0);
	input_set_abs_params(ts.dev, ABS_Y, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0);
	input_set_abs_params(ts.dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0, 1, 0, 0);

	//ts.dev->private = &ts;
	ts.dev->name = s3c2440ts_name;
	ts.dev->id.bustype = BUS_RS232;
	ts.dev->id.vendor = 0xDEAD;
	ts.dev->id.product = 0xBEEF;
	ts.dev->id.version = S3C2410TSVERSION;

	ts.shift = info->oversampling_shift;
	//printk("shift: %d\n",ts.shift);
	
	/* Get irqs */
	//申请ADC中断,注意,中断类型为IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM | IRQF_SHARED,这样在使用触摸屏的时候
	//可以调试自己的ADC转换驱动,中断处理函数为adc_irq
	if (request_irq(IRQ_ADC, adc_irq, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM | IRQF_SHARED,
		"s3c2440_action", ts.dev)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2440_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_ADC !\n");
		iounmap(base_addr);
		return -EIO;
	}
	//申请TC中断,中断处理函数为tc_irq
	if (request_irq(IRQ_TC, tc_irq, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,
			"s3c2440_action", ts.dev)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2440_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_TC !\n");
		free_irq(IRQ_ADC, ts.dev);
		iounmap(base_addr);
		return -EIO;
	}

	printk(KERN_INFO "%s successfully loaded\n", s3c2440ts_name);

	/* All went ok, so register to the input system */
	/*这里注册设备
	函数功能:
	 * This function registers device with input core. The device must be
	 * allocated with input_allocate_device() and all it's capabilities
	 * set up before registering.
	 * If function fails the device must be freed with input_free_device().
	 * Once device has been successfully registered it can be unregistered
	 * with input_unregister_device(); input_free_device() should not be
	 * called in this case.
	函数原型如下:
	int input_register_device(struct input_dev *dev)
	{
		static atomic_t input_no = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
		struct input_handler *handler;
		const char *path;
		int error;

		__set_bit(EV_SYN, dev->evbit);

		init_timer(&dev->timer);
		if (!dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && !dev->rep[REP_PERIOD]) {
			dev->timer.data = (long) dev;
			dev->timer.function = input_repeat_key;
			dev->rep[REP_DELAY] = 250;
			dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] = 33;
		}

		if (!dev->getkeycode)
			dev->getkeycode = input_default_getkeycode;

		if (!dev->setkeycode)
			dev->setkeycode = input_default_setkeycode;

		snprintf(dev->dev.bus_id, sizeof(dev->dev.bus_id),
			 "input%ld", (unsigned long) atomic_inc_return(&input_no) - 1);

		error = device_add(&dev->dev);
		if (error)
			return error;

		path = kobject_get_path(&dev->dev.kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
		printk(KERN_INFO "input: %s as %s\n",
			dev->name ? dev->name : "Unspecified device", path ? path : "N/A");
		kfree(path);

		error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&input_mutex);
		if (error) {
			device_del(&dev->dev);
			return error;
		}

		list_add_tail(&dev->node, &input_dev_list);

		list_for_each_entry(handler, &input_handler_list, node)
			input_attach_handler(dev, handler);

		input_wakeup_procfs_readers();

		mutex_unlock(&input_mutex);

		return 0;
	}
	*/
	
	rc = input_register_device(ts.dev);
	if (rc) {
		free_irq(IRQ_TC, ts.dev);
		free_irq(IRQ_ADC, ts.dev);
		clk_disable(adc_clock);
		iounmap(base_addr);
		return -EIO;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int s3c2440ts_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	disable_irq(IRQ_ADC);
	disable_irq(IRQ_TC);
	free_irq(IRQ_TC,ts.dev);
	free_irq(IRQ_ADC,ts.dev);

	if (adc_clock) {
		clk_disable(adc_clock);
		clk_put(adc_clock);
		adc_clock = NULL;
	}

	input_unregister_device(ts.dev);
	iounmap(base_addr);

	return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
static int s3c2440ts_suspend(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state)
{
	writel(TSC_SLEEP, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
	writel(readl(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_STDBM,
	       base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);

	disable_irq(IRQ_ADC);
	disable_irq(IRQ_TC);

	clk_disable(adc_clock);

	return 0;
}

static int s3c2440ts_resume(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	struct s3c2440_ts_mach_info *info =
		( struct s3c2440_ts_mach_info *)pdev->dev.platform_data;

	clk_enable(adc_clock);
	msleep(1);

	enable_irq(IRQ_ADC);
	enable_irq(IRQ_TC);

	if ((info->presc&0xff) > 0)
		writel(S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCEN | S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(info->presc&0xFF),\
			     base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
	else
		writel(0,base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);

	/* Initialise registers */
	if ((info->delay&0xffff) > 0)
		writel(info->delay & 0xffff,  base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDLY);

	writel(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);

	return 0;
}

#else
#define s3c2440ts_suspend NULL
#define s3c2440ts_resume  NULL
#endif
/*
下面是/linux/platform_device.h定义的platform_driver结构体
struct platform_driver {
	int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);//设备的检测,所以需要先前的设备注册
	int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);//删除该设备
	void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *); //关闭该设备
	int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
	int (*suspend_late)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
	int (*resume_early)(struct platform_device *);
	int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
	struct pm_ext_ops *pm;
	struct device_driver driver;//设备驱动,定义在include/linux/device.h中
};
内核提供的platform_driver结构体的注册函数为platform_driver_register(),该函数定义在driver/base/platform.c中
*/
static struct platform_driver s3c2440ts_driver = {
       .driver         = {
	       .name   = "s3c2440-ts",
	       .owner  = THIS_MODULE,
       },
       .probe          = s3c2440ts_probe,
       .remove         = s3c2440ts_remove,
       .suspend        = s3c2440ts_suspend,
       .resume         = s3c2440ts_resume,

};

static int __init s3c2440ts_init(void)
{
	int rc;
	rc = platform_driver_register(&s3c2440ts_driver);
	if (rc < 0)
		printk(KERN_ERR "platform_driver_register error!\n");
	return rc;
}

static void __exit s3c2440ts_exit(void)
{
	platform_driver_unregister(&s3c2440ts_driver);
}

module_init(s3c2440ts_init);
module_exit(s3c2440ts_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("YANMING");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("My s3c2440 touchscreen driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
4、分析完成后对触摸屏的工作过程就有了一个比较明确的认识

从触摸屏被按下到系统相应的过程如下:

(1) 当触摸屏感觉到触摸,触发IRQ_TC中断,然后读取触摸屏控制寄存器的值,判断是否被按下,如果被按下,启动定时器,执行touch_timer_fire()函数启动ADC转换。

(2) ADC转换完成后,会触发IRQ_ADC中断,执行相应的中断处理函数,如果ADC转换次数小于4,再次启动ADC转换;如果ADC转换次数为4,则启动一个系统滴答定时器,执行touch_timer_fire()函数

(3) 执行定时器服务程序时,如果此时触摸屏仍被按下,则上报事件和坐标数据,重复(2);如果没有被按下,上报时间和坐标数据,将触摸屏控制寄存器设置为中断等待状态
可见,触摸屏驱动的服务是一个封闭的循环过程。

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