[SO-I] 二维数组中的查找
x86/Debian linux/gcc
1 题目
一个二维整型数组被存在array.dat文件中，从第一行开始，每一行都按照从左到右递增的顺序排序，每一列都按照从上到下递增的顺序排序。请完成几个函数，读取array.dat中的数据到程序中，任意给程序输入一个整数n，并判断此整数是否在此二维数组中。如：
Figure1. array.dat例
2 主函数
(1) main()
/*Filename: main.c
*Function: Call define functions by main()
*Author: One fish
*Date: 2014.11.8 Sat
*Last Modifid: 2014.11.9 Sun
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cfun.h"
/*-----------Function Decalre-------------*/
void main_usage(const int argc);
void free_pp(int **pp, const int r, const int c);
/*@main()
*@Use argc and argv arguments of main()
*@Return 0 when OK, not 0 when except ocurr
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
main_usage(argc);
myrc rc;
int re;
int num;
int **pp;
num = 0;
re = FLASE;
pp = NULL;
//Get row and column of argv[1]
get_file_row_column(argv[1], &rc);
//Allocate memory for data
pp = allocate_mm(rc.r, rc.c);
//Read data of argv[1] into momory allocate just now
if (pp) {
re = read_data_in(argv[1], pp, rc.r, rc.c);
}
//Find the number argv[2]
if (TRUE == re) {
num = atoi(argv[2]);
re = find_num_in_array(pp, rc.r, rc.c, num);
if (TRUE == re) printf("^_^\n");
else printf("Not ^_^\n");
}
//Free memory by pp pointed to
if (pp) {
free_pp(pp, rc.r, rc.c);
}
return 0;
}
/*@main_usage: Give tips for users
*@arg: argc is the number of the command-line
*@exit(1) when users use the program incorrectly
*/
void main_usage(const int argc)
{
if (3 != argc) {
printf("Usage: ./execute arrary.txt number\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/*@free_pp: free allocate memory in order
*@arg: pp is the address of the memory,
r, c is the row and column of the allocate memory
*/
void free_pp(int **pp, const int r, const int c)
{
int i;
printf("\n----In fre_pp() function----\n");
for ( i = 0; i < r; i++) {
printf("Now free pp[%d]: %p\n", i, pp[i]);
free(pp[i]);
}
free(pp);
}
(2) cfun.h
/*@Filename: cfun.h
*@Function: Decalre functions, varibles, macros
*@Author: One fish
*@Date: 2014.11.8 Sat
*@Last modified: 2014.11.9 Sun
*/
/*-----------Macro definition------------*/
#define TRUE 1
#define FLASE 0
/*Golbal varibles definiton*/
typedef struct rc {
unsigned int r;
unsigned int c;
}myrc;
/*----------Function decalration---------*/
//int find_c_in_array(int arry[][ARRAY_SIZE], int c);
/*@Function: Get the rows and columns of the path(file)
*@arg: path is the special file, rc is the pointer of the type of struct myrc
*@revl: none when sucess, otherwise exit(1)
*/
void get_file_row_column(const char *path, myrc *rc);
/*@Function: allocate memory dynamicly accordding to the row, column of one file
*@arg: r is the number of the second class pointer, c is the number of the first class pointer
r is the row of one file, c is the column of one file
*@rel: Address of the memory allocated when success, NULL when fail
*/
int **allocate_mm(const int r, const int c);
/*@Function: Read data fromm path to pp
@arg: path is the location of file, pp is the address of the memory
r and c is row and column of memory pointed by pp, respectlly
@rel: TURE when read success, oterwise FLASE. When pp is NULL exit(1)
*/
int read_data_in(const char *path, int **pp, const int r, const int c);
/*@find_c_in_array: if num if pp memory, find it
@arg: pp is the memory address of the array
r, c is the row and column of file, respectlly
num is the number will be find
@rel: TRUE if find num in pp, FLASE if not find
*/
int find_c_in_array(int **pp, const int r, const int c, const int num);
3 子函数
(1) 获取目标文件的行和列数
/*@Filename: get_file_row_column.c
*@Function: Get the special file's rows and columns
*@Author: One fish
*@Date: 2014.11.4 Thu
*@Last modified: 2014.11.9 Sun
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cfun.h"
/*Macro definition*/
#define LINE_SIZE 165
/*@Function: Get the rows and columns of the path(file)
*@arg: path is the special file, rc is the pointer of the type of struct myrc
*@revl: none when sucess, otherwise exit(1)
*/
void get_file_row_column(const char *path, myrc *rc)
{
FILE *fp;
char buf[LINE_SIZE];
fp = NULL;
rc->r = 0;
rc->c = 0;
if ( !(fp = fopen(path, "r")) ) {
perror("fopen()");
exit(1);
}
//Get columns, fp will point to the end of first line
while ( '\n' != fgetc(fp) ) rc->c++;
rc->c = (rc->c + 1) / 2;
//Get rows
while ( fgets(buf, LINE_SIZE - 1, fp) ) rc->r++;
//Add the first line
rc->r++;
printf("\n----In get_file_row_column() function----\n");
printf("The %s file has %d rows, %d columns\n", path, rc->r, rc->c);
fclose(fp);
}
(2) 动态分配二维内存
/*Filename: allocate_mm.c
*Function: allocate memory dynamicly accordding to the row, column of one file
*Author: One fish
*Date: 2014.11.8 Sat
*Last Modified:2014.11.9 Sun
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/*@Function: allocate memory dynamicly accordding to the row, column of one file
*@arg: r is the number of the second class pointer, c is the number of the first class pointer
r is the row of one file, c is the column of one file
*@rel: Address of the memory allocated when success, NULL when fail
*/
int **allocate_mm(const int r, const int c)
{
int i, j;
int **pp = NULL;
void show_memory_adds(int **, const int, const int);
pp = (int **)malloc(r * sizeof(int));
if ( !pp ) {
printf("Allocat memory for pp failed\n");
return NULL;
}
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i) {
pp[i] = (int *)malloc(c * sizeof(int));
if ( !pp[i] ) {
//Free the heap pointed by p[j]
for (j = i - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
free(pp[j]);
}
//Free the heap pointed by p
free(pp);
printf("Allocate pp[%d] failed\n", i);
return NULL;
}
}
show_memory_adds(pp, r, c);
return pp;
}
//Show the allocated memory information
void show_memory_adds(int ** pp, const int r, const int c)
{
int i, j;
printf("\n----In allocate_mm() function----\n");
printf("----Allocate success, Allocate memory %d rows, they are:\n", r);
for ( i = 0; i < r; i++) {
printf("pp[%d]: ", i);
for ( j = 0; j < c; j++) {
printf("pp[%d][%d]%p\t", i, j, &pp[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
(3) 读取二维数组到动态内存
/*@Filename: read_data_in.c
*@Function: Read data from file into memory
*@Author: One fish
*@Date: 2014.11.8 Sat
*@Last modified:2014.11.9 Sun
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cfun.h"
/*@Function: Read data fromm path to pp
@arg: path is the location of file, pp is the address of the memory
r and c is row and column of memory pointed by pp, repectlly
@rel: TURE when read success, oterwise FLASE. When pp is NULL exit(1)
*/
int read_data_in(const char *path, int **pp, const int r, const int c)
{
int i, j;
char ch;
int intg;
FILE *fp;
ch = 0;
intg = 0;
fp = NULL;
if (!pp) {
printf("Pointer is NULL. In %s, line: %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
if ( !(fp = fopen(path, "r")) ) {
perror("fopen");
return FLASE;
}
printf("\n----In read_data_in() function----\ndata in memory:\n");
for (i = 0; i < r; i++) {
printf("pp[%d] line: ", i);
j = 0;
while ( (j < c) && (2 == fscanf(fp, "%d%c", &intg, &ch)) ) {
pp[i][j] = intg;
j++;
printf("%d\t", intg);
if ( j % c == 0) printf("\n");
}
}
fclose(fp);
if ( i != r) {
printf("Read data error\n");
return FLASE;
}
return TRUE;
}
(3) 判断给定的数是否在二维数组中（算法）
/*Filename: find_num_in_array.c
*Function: find the special number in arrar.dat
*Author: One filsh
*Date: 2014.11.4 Thu
*Last Modified:2014.11.9 Sun
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cfun.h"
/*@find_c_in_array: if num if pp memory, find it
@arg: pp is the memory address of the array
r, c is the row and column of file, respectlly
num is the number will be find in pp
@rel: TRUE if find num in pp, FLASE if not find
*/
int find_num_in_array(int **pp, const int r, const int c, const int num)
{
int i, j;
for ( i = 0, j = c - 1; i < r, j >= 0; ) {
if (num == pp[i][j]) {
printf("\n----In find_num_in_array()----\n%d in palce pp[%d][%d]\n", num, i, j);
return TRUE;
} else if (num < pp[i][j]) {
j--;
} else if (num > pp[i][j]) {
i++;
}
}
printf("i=%d, j=%d\n", i, j);
if (i >= r - 1 && j <= 0) {
printf("\n----In find_num_in_array()----\n%d not in array\n", num);
return FLASE;
}
}
4 Makefile
main: main.o get_file_row_column.o allocate_mm.o read_data_in.o find_num_in_array.o
$(CC) main.o get_file_row_column.o allocate_mm.o read_data_in.o find_num_in_array.o $(OFLAGS) main
main.o: main.c cfun.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) main.c
get_file_row_column.o: get_file_row_column.c cfun.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) get_file_row_column.c
allocate_mm.o: allocate_mm.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) allocate_mm.c
read_data_in.o: read_data_in.c cfun.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) read_data_in.c
find_num_in_array.o: find_num_in_array.c cfun.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) find_num_in_array.c
.PHONY:clean
clean:
-rm *.o
CC=gcc
OFLAGS=-o
CFLAGS=-c
5 编译和执行结果
注：所有的文件都在同一目录下。
使用make命令编译整个程序：
| lly@debian:~/Sword_Offer/14Ten$ make gcc -c main.c gcc -c get_file_row_column.c gcc -c allocate_mm.c gcc -c read_data_in.c gcc -c find_num_in_array.c gcc main.o get_file_row_column.o allocate_mm.o read_data_in.o find_num_in_array.o -o main lly@debian:~/Sword_Offer/14Ten$ |
给定命令行参数执行main:
| lly@debian:~/Sword_Offer/14Ten$ ./main array.dat 7
----In get_file_row_column() function---- The array.dat file has 4 rows, 4 columns
----In allocate_mm() function---- ----Allocate success, Allocate memory 4 rows, they are: pp[0]: pp[0][0]0x9aed020 pp[0][1]0x9aed024 pp[0][2]0x9aed028 pp[0][3]0x9aed02c pp[1]: pp[1][0]0x9aed038 pp[1][1]0x9aed03c pp[1][2]0x9aed040 pp[1][3]0x9aed044 pp[2]: pp[2][0]0x9aed050 pp[2][1]0x9aed054 pp[2][2]0x9aed058 pp[2][3]0x9aed05c pp[3]: pp[3][0]0x9aed068 pp[3][1]0x9aed06c pp[3][2]0x9aed070 pp[3][3]0x9aed074
----In read_data_in() function---- data in memory: pp[0] line: 1 2 8 9 pp[1] line: 2 4 9 12 pp[2] line: 4 7 10 13 pp[3] line: 6 9 11 15
----In find_num_in_array()---- 7 in palce pp[2][1] ^_^
----In fre_pp() function---- Now free pp[0]: 0x9aed020 Now free pp[1]: 0x9aed038 Now free pp[2]: 0x9aed050 Now free pp[3]: 0x9aed068 lly@debian:~/Sword_Offer/14Ten$ ./main array.dat 5
----In get_file_row_column() function---- The array.dat file has 4 rows, 4 columns
----In allocate_mm() function---- ----Allocate success, Allocate memory 4 rows, they are: pp[0]: pp[0][0]0x9703020 pp[0][1]0x9703024 pp[0][2]0x9703028 pp[0][3]0x970302c pp[1]: pp[1][0]0x9703038 pp[1][1]0x970303c pp[1][2]0x9703040 pp[1][3]0x9703044 pp[2]: pp[2][0]0x9703050 pp[2][1]0x9703054 pp[2][2]0x9703058 pp[2][3]0x970305c pp[3]: pp[3][0]0x9703068 pp[3][1]0x970306c pp[3][2]0x9703070 pp[3][3]0x9703074
----In read_data_in() function---- data in memory: pp[0] line: 1 2 8 9 pp[1] line: 2 4 9 12 pp[2] line: 4 7 10 13 pp[3] line: 6 9 11 15
----In find_num_in_array()---- 5 not in array Not ^_^
----In fre_pp() function---- Now free pp[0]: 0x9703020 Now free pp[1]: 0x9703038 Now free pp[2]: 0x9703050 Now free pp[3]: 0x9703068 lly@debian:~/Sword_Offer/14Ten$ |
[2014.11.9 --23:09]
R《Sword to Offer》 Note Over.