Oracle KFED 和 KFOD 工具说明

 

       OracleASM是个封装的磁盘管理工具，所以我们需要对ASM 有充分的认识，否则ASM 出现问题就会非常棘手，KFED 和KFOD 两个命令可以帮助我们了解ASM。

 

一. KFED（Kernel Files Editor） 说明

       KFED是ORACLE 10gR2 自带的一个工具，但是和BBED 命令一样，需要编译过以后才能使用。

 

1.1 编译KFED

[oracle@rac2 lib]$cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib

[oracle@rac2 lib]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib

[oracle@rac2 lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ikfed

 

Linking KFED utility (kfed)

rm -f/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed

gcc -o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/-L/usr/lib -lirc /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskfeded.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/skfedpt.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -ldbtools10-lclntsh  `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10  -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10  -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10   `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib -lm    `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-ldl -lm   -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib

mv -f/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfedO

mv: cannot stat`/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed': No such file or directory

make: [ikfed] Error 1 (ignored)

mv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed

chmod 751/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed

[oracle@rac2 lib]$

 

--查看KFED 位置

[oracle@rac2 lib]$ which kfed

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed

 

1.2 KFED 命令使用

--查看KFED 帮助

[oracle@rac2 lib]$ kfed -h

as/mlib         ASM Library [asmlib='lib']

aun/um          AU number to examine or update[AUNUM=number]

aus/z           Allocation Unit size in bytes[AUSZ=number]

blkn/um         Block number to examine or update[BLKNUM=number]

blks/z          Metadata block size in bytes[BLKSZ=number]

ch/ksum         Update checksum before each write[CHKSUM=YES/NO]

cn/t            Count of AUs to process[CNT=number]

d/ev            ASM device to examine or update[DEV=string]

o/p             KFED operation type [OP=READ/WRITE/MERGE/NEW/FORM/FIND/STRUCT]

p/rovnm         Name for provisioning purposes[PROVNM=string]

s/eek           AU number to seek to [SEEK=number]

te/xt           File name for translated block text[TEXT=string]

ty/pe           ASM metadata block type number[TYPE=number]

 

--查看ASM磁盘组的情况

SYS@anqing2(rac2)> select group_number,disk_number,mount_status,header_status,state,name,path fromv$asm_disk;

 

group_number disk_number mount_sheader_statu state    name       path

------------ ----------- ------------------- -------- ---------- --------------------

1   0OPENED  UNKNOWN   NORMAL  DATA       /dev/mapper/datap1

2   0OPENED  UNKNOWN   NORMAL   FRA_0000  /dev/mapper/frap1

 

SYS@anqing2(rac2)> selectdg.group_number "g.no",dg.name,d.disk_number,d.mount_status,

  2 d.header_status,dg.type,d.name,d.path from v$asm_disk d,v$asm_diskgroupdg

  3 where dg.group_number=d.group_number;

 

g.no NAME       DISK_NUMBER MOUNT_S HEADER_STATUTYPE   NAME       PATH

---------- --------------------- ------- ------------ ------ ---------- ---------------------------

1 DATA                 0 OPENED  UNKNOWN     EXTERN DATA      /dev/mapper/datap1

2 FRA                  0 OPENED  UNKNOWN     EXTERN FRA_0000  /dev/mapper/frap1

 

 

--从系统层面上查看

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks

DATA

FRA

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ ls -lrt /dev/oracleasm/disks/*

brw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 8, 49 Aug  7 07:32 /dev/oracleasm/disks/FRA

brw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 8, 65 Aug  7 07:32 /dev/oracleasm/disks/DATA

 

 

--使用KFED查看ASM磁盘组

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/mapper/datap1 text=datap1.txt

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ ls

datap1.txt Desktop  oradiag_oracle

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ cat datap1.txt

...

kfed 命令可以加text或者不加，如果使用text 参数，那么kfed 读取的内容会保存到text 指定的文档，如果不使用就直接输入到屏幕。

 

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/mapper/datap1

kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01

kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82

kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002:KFBTYP_DISKHEAD

kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01

kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0

kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8NUMB=0x0

kfbh.check:                  1508168608 ; 0x00c:0x59e4d3a0

kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000

kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000

kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000

kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.provstr:     ORCLDISKDATA ; 0x000: length=12

-->磁盘卷名

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1096040772 ; 0x008: 0x41544144

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:            0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.compat:                168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000

kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000

kfdhdb.grptyp:                        1 ; 0x026:KFDGTP_EXTERNAL

--> This indicatesRedundancy for Group.Check TYPE in query output.

kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027:KFDHDR_MEMBER

--> This indicatesDisk Header status. Here it indicates it is member of Group.

kfdhdb.dskname:                    DATA ; 0x028: length=4

--> This indicatesDisk Name

kfdhdb.grpname:                    DATA ; 0x048: length=4

--> This indicates theGroup Name for the disk.

kfdhdb.fgname:                     DATA ; 0x068: length=4

--> This indicates theFailure Group Name.

kfdhdb.capname:                         ; 0x088: length=0

kfdhdb.crestmp.hi:             32952076 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xcDAYS=0x18 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7db

kfdhdb.crestmp.lo:           3374491648 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0MSEC=0xaa SECS=0x12 MINS=0x32

kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi:             32955120 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10DAYS=0x17 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7db

kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo:           3440417792 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0MSEC=0x27 SECS=0x11 MINS=0x33

kfdhdb.secsize:                     512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200

kfdhdb.blksize:                    4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000

kfdhdb.ausize:                  1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000

kfdhdb.mfact:                    113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80

kfdhdb.dsksize:                   11993 ; 0x0c4: 0x00002ed9

kfdhdb.pmcnt:                         2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002

kfdhdb.fstlocn:                       1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001

kfdhdb.altlocn:                       2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002

kfdhdb.f1b1locn:                      2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002

kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]:                0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000

kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]:                0 ; 0x0da: 0x0000

kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]:                0 ; 0x0dc: 0x0000

kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]:                0 ; 0x0de: 0x0000

kfdhdb.dbcompat:              168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000

kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi:             32952076 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xcDAYS=0x18 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7db

kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo:           3374396416 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0MSEC=0x4d SECS=0x12 MINS=0x32

kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]:                   0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]:                   0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]:                   0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]:                   0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]:                   0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]:                   0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]:                   0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]:                   0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]:                   0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]:                   0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]:                  0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]:                  0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]:                  0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]:                  0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]:                  0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]:                  0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]:                  0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]:                  0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]:                  0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]:                  0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]:                  0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]:                  0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]:                  0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]:                  0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]:                  0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]:                  0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]:                  0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]:                  0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]:                  0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]:                  0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]:                  0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]:                  0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]:                  0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]:                  0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]:                  0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]:                  0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]:                  0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]:                  0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]:                  0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]:                  0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]:                  0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]:                  0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]:                  0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]:                  0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]:                  0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]:                  0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]:                  0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]:                  0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]:                  0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]:                  0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]:                  0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]:                  0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]:                  0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]:                  0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]:                  0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]:                  0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]:                  0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]:                  0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq:                  0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk:                  0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000

kfdhdb.acdb.ents:                     0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000

kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare:                 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000

 

 

1.3 ASM 磁盘里的一些名词解释

（1）kfbh.endian

    kf3.h  /*endianness of writer */

      Littleendian = 1

      Bigendian = 0

 

（2） kfbh.hard  

    kf3.h  /*H.A.R.D. magic # and block size */

 

（3） kfbh.type

   kf3.h   /*metadata blocktype              */

 

（4） kfbh.datfmt

   kf3.h  /*metadata block data format       */

 

（5） kfbh.block

   kf3.h  /* blocklocation of thisblock     */               

     blk -- Diskheader should have T=0 and NUMB=0x0

     obj -- Diskheader should have TYPE=0x8 NUMB=<disknumber>

   blk and obj values arederived from a series of macros in kf3.h. See

 

   "KFBL Macros"in kf3.h for more information.

 

（6） kfbh.check

   kf3.h  /* checkvalue to verify consistency */

 

（7） kfbh.fcn

   kf3.h  /*change number of last change     */-

 

（8） kfdhdb.driver

   kf3.h  /*OSMLIB driver reserved block */

      If nodriver is defined "ORCLDISK" is used.

 

（9） kfdhdb.compat

   kf3.h  /*Comaptible software version  */

     example:0x0a100000

     Youget:    

         a=101=1 so 10.1.0.0.0

 

（10） kfdhdb.dsknum

   kf3.h  /* OSMdisknumber              *

     This is thedisk number. The first disk being "0". There can be up to

     ub2 disks ina diskgroup. This allows for 65336 disks 0 through 65335.

 

（11） kfdhdb.grptyp

   kf3.h  /* Diskgrouptype              */

 

（12） kfdhdb.hdrsts

   kf3.h  /* Diskheaderstatus           */

     This is whatis used to determine if a disk is available or not to

     thediskgroup. 0x03 is the correct value for a valid status.

 

 （13）kfdhdb.dskname  /*OSMdisk name      */

 （14）kfdhdb.grpname  /*OSM disk group name */

 （15）kfdhdb.fgname   /*Failure group name */

 （16）kfdhdb.capname  /*Capacity grp, unused*/   

 （17）kfdhdb.crestmp  /*Creationtimestamp           */

 （18）kfdhdb.mntstmp  /*Mounttimestamp              */

       kf3.hTo derive the hi and low time`from an unformated dump use the

   "KFTS Macros" inkf3.h.

 

（19） kfdhdb.secsize

   kf3.h  /* Disksector size (bytes)     */

     This is thephysical sector size of the disk in bytes. All I/O's to the

     disk aredescribed in physical sectors. This must be a power of 2. An

     ideal valuewould be 4096, but most disks are formatted with 512 byte

     sectors.(from asmlib.h)

 

（20） kfdhdb.blksize

   kf3.h  /*Metadata block (bytes)       */

 

（21） kfdhdb.ausize

   kf3.h  /*Allocation Unit (bytes)      */

   

（22） kfdhdb.mfact

   kf3.h  /*Stride between phys addr AUs */

   

（23） kfdhdb.dsksize

   kf3.h  /* Disksize inAUs             */

     Mulitply byAUs to get actual size of disk when added.

     

（24） kfdhdb.pmcnt

   kf3.h  /*Permanent phys addressed AUs */

     Number ofphysically addressed allocation units.

     

（25） kfdhdb.fstlocn

   kf3.h  /* FirstFreeSpace table blk num */

     Used to findfreespace.

     

（26） kfdhdb.altlocn

   kf3.h  /* FirstAlocation table blk num */

     Used to findalocated space.

     

（27） kfdhdb.f1b1locn

   kf3.h  /* FileDirectory blk 1 AU num  */

     Beginging forfile directory.

 

1.4 一个损坏了的disk的KFED 结果

kfbh.endian: 83 ; 0×000: 0×53
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0×001: 0×00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0×002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0×003: 0×00
kfbh.block.blk: 4294967293 ; 0×004: T=1 NUMB=0x7ffffffd
kfbh.block.obj: 65286 ; 0×008: TYPE=0×0 NUMB=0xff06
kfbh.check: 144 ; 0x00c: 0×00000090
kfbh.fcn.base: 136903976 ; 0×010: 0x0828fd28
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 4294953840 ; 0×014: 0xffffcb70
kfbh.spare1: 136905029 ; 0×018: 0×08290145
kfbh.spare2: 30000 ; 0x01c: 0×00007530

 

二.KFOD ( OSM Discovery utility )说明

       这里的OSM是：Order and Service Management，KFOD 命令可以在系统级别对来查找ASM。也可以用来监控ASM.

 

2.1 KFOD的帮助

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfod -h

_asm_a/llow_only_raw_disks              KFOD allow only raw devices[_asm_allow_only_raw_disks=TRUE/(FALSE)]

_asm_l/ibraries         ASMLibraries[_asm_libraries='lib1','lib2',...]

_asms/id                ASM Instance[_asmsid=sid]

a/sm_diskstring         ASM Diskstring[asm_diskstring='discoverystring', 'discoverystring' ...]

d/isks          Disks to discover [disks=raw,asm,all]

g/roup          Group discover [group=controlfile]

n/ohdr          KFOD header suppression[nohdr=TRUE/(FALSE)]

o/p             KFOD options type[OP=DISKS/GROUPS/ALL]

p/file          ASM parameter file[pfile='parameterfile']

s/tatus         Include disk header status[status=TRUE/(FALSE)]

v/erbose                KFOD verbose errors[verbose=TRUE/(FALSE)]

 

 

2.2 KFOD 示例

[oracle@rac2 ~]$kfod 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME                                                         

================================================================================

    +ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1                                 

    +ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1    

 

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfod disk=all

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Disk         Size Path     

================================================================================

  1:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw1

  2:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw2

  3:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw3

  4:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw4

  5:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw5

  6:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw6

  7:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw7

  8:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw8

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME                                                         

================================================================================

    +ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1                                 

    +ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1   

 

 

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ kfod op=disks

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Disk         Size Path     

================================================================================

  1:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw3

  2:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw4

  3:        101 Mb /dev/raw/raw8

 

 

       这篇就简单的介绍一下这2个命令， 在下篇ASM disk header 的备份与恢复中在详细的看一下这2个命令的使用。

 

 

 

 

 

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