WCF安全之ASP.NET兼容模式

本文是利用ASP.NET兼容模式实现WCF安全的一个完整示例,其中用到了ASP.NET的Forms身份验证及Membership,并启用了角色管理。

由于整套安全方案完全利用ASP.NET相关功能实现,而未用到WCF安全策略相关的包括WCF身份验证、WCF授权及WCF传输安全等元素,所以严格的说,这种模式不能算是WCF的安全模式,但该方案确实实现了特定应用场景下的WCF安全。

相比而言,该方案提供的安全程度比WCF的安全策要低一些(例如,未提供全过程的数据传输安全),因此,本方案适应对安全性要求不高的,以IIS为宿主的WCF应用。

本方案中的WCF服务需要以IIS为宿主,可以通过添加“启用Silverlight功能的WCF服务”的方式建立WCF服务。客户端为Silverlight,并在访问WCF服务时使用了Visual Studio 2008自动生成的代理类。

1、建立项目

通过创建“Silverlight应用程序”建立新的项目WcfSecSample,并建立承载该Silverlight的网站WcfSecSample.Web。

2、在Web项目中建立Service目录,并在该目录下添加WCF服务WeatherService,服务类的完整代码如下:

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace WcfSecSample.Web
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "")]
    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
    public class WeatherService
    {
        private static string s_weather = "Sunny";

        [OperationContract]
        public void SetWeather(string weather)
        {
            if (!HttpContext.Current.User.IsInRole("Admin")) throw new ApplicationException("无权限。");

            s_weather = weather;
        }

        [OperationContract]
        public string GetWeather()
        {
            if (!HttpContext.Current.User.IsInRole("Guest")) throw new ApplicationException("无权限。");

            return s_weather;
        }
    }
}

3、在Web项目中添加用于登录的WCF服务LoginService,该服务类的完整代码如下:

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Activation;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.Security;

namespace WcfSecSample.Web
{
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "")]
    [AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
    public class LoginService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        public bool Login(string userName, string password)
        {
            bool isValid = Membership.ValidateUser(userName, password);

            if (isValid) FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(userName, false);

            return isValid;
        }

        [OperationContract]
        public void SignOut()
        {
            FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
        }
    }
}

4、在Web项目中添加继承自MembershipProvider类的CustomerMembershipProvider类,暂时只实现了本方案所需要的ValidateUser方法。ValidateUser方法的代码如下:

        public override bool ValidateUser(string username, string password)
        {
            return username == "admin" && password == "123456" || username == "guest";
        }

5、在Web项目中添加继承自RoleProvider类的CustomRoleProvider类,暂时只实现了本方案所需要的GetRolesForUser方法。GetRolesForUser方法的代码如下:

        public override string[] GetRolesForUser(string username)
        {
            if (username == "admin") return new []{"Admin", "Guest"};
            return new[] { "Guest" };
        }

需要注意的是,虽然凭感觉HttpContext.Current.User.IsInRole方法应该最终调用RoleProvider类的IsUserInRole方法,但事实却是最终调用了RoleProvider类的GetRolesForUser方法完成的。if (!HttpContext.Current.User.IsInRole("Admin"))还可以换成if (Roles.IsUserInRole(HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name, "Admin")),同样是最终调用了RoleProvider类的GetRolesForUser方法。

6、配置Web.config文件

在system.web节内添加如下内容:

    <authentication mode="Forms" >
      <forms name=".sec" loginUrl="LoginService.svc"></forms>
    </authentication>

    <membership defaultProvider="default">
      <providers>
        <add name="default" type="WcfSecSample.Web.CustomerMembershipProvider, WcfSecSample.Web"/>
      </providers>
    </membership>

    <roleManager defaultProvider="default" enabled="true">
      <providers>
        <add name="default" type="WcfSecSample.Web.CustomRoleProvider, WcfSecSample.Web"/>
      </providers>
    </roleManager>

以上三节内容分别配置了身份验证模式、MembershipProvider及RoleProvider。

然后在示例服务所在的Service目录下添加Web.config文件,禁止对Service目录的匿名访问。该文件的内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
    <system.web>
      <authorization>
        <deny users="?"/>
      </authorization>
    </system.web>
</configuration>

至此,服务端的工作就完成了,接下来建立客户端测试示例。

7、添加服务引用。

在Silverlight项目中添加对WeatherService的服务引用WeatherServiceRef。需注意的是进行该操作时需要暂时允许对Service目录的匿名访问。

8、在MainPage中添加测试代码。完成之后的代码如下:

MainPage.xaml文件:

<UserControl x:Class="WcfSecSample.MainPage"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
    mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignWidth="640" d:DesignHeight="480">
    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Width="200" Margin="100" >
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"></RowDefinition>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"></RowDefinition>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" ></ColumnDefinition>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="*" ></ColumnDefinition>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5">UserName:</TextBlock>
        <TextBox Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5" Name="txtUserName" Text="admin" ></TextBox>
        <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5">Password:</TextBlock>
        <TextBox  Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Margin="5" Name="txtPassword" Text="123456"></TextBox>
        <Button Name="btnLogin"  Grid.Row="2" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="5" Content="Login" Click="Login"></Button>
        <Button Name="btnSignOut" Grid.Row="3" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="5" Content="SignOut" Click="SignOut"></Button>
        <Button Name="btnSetWeather" Grid.Row="4" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="5" Content="SetWeather" Click="SetWeather"></Button>
        <Button Name="btnGetWeather" Grid.Row="5" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Margin="5" Content="GetWeather" Click="GetWeather"></Button>
    </Grid>
</UserControl>
    

MainPage.xaml.cs文件:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using WcfSecSample.LoginServiceRef;
using WcfSecSample.WeatherServiceRef;

namespace WcfSecSample
{
    public partial class MainPage : UserControl
    {
        public MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            this.IsLogin = false;

            this.client.SetWeatherCompleted += new EventHandler<System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs>(client_SetWeatherCompleted);
            this.client.GetWeatherCompleted += new EventHandler<GetWeatherCompletedEventArgs>(client_GetWeatherCompleted);

            this.loginClient.LoginCompleted += new EventHandler<LoginCompletedEventArgs>(loginClient_LoginCompleted);
            this.loginClient.SignOutCompleted += new EventHandler<System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs>(loginClient_SignOutCompleted);
        }

        private bool isLogin;
        private WeatherServiceClient client = new WeatherServiceClient();
        private LoginServiceClient loginClient = new LoginServiceClient();

        private bool IsLogin
        {
            get { return isLogin; }
            set
            {
                isLogin = value;
                this.btnLogin.IsEnabled = !isLogin;
                this.btnSignOut.IsEnabled = isLogin;
            }
        }

        private void Login(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.loginClient.LoginAsync(this.txtUserName.Text, this.txtPassword.Text);
        }

        private void SignOut(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.loginClient.SignOutAsync();
        }

        private void GetWeather(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.client.GetWeatherAsync();
        }

        private void SetWeather(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.client.SetWeatherAsync("Cloudy");
        }

        void loginClient_LoginCompleted(object sender, LoginCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Error == null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Result ? "Login succeed." : "Login faild.");
                this.IsLogin = e.Result;
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
            }
        }

        void loginClient_SignOutCompleted(object sender, System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Error == null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("SignOut.");
                this.IsLogin = false;
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
            }
        }

        void client_GetWeatherCompleted(object sender, GetWeatherCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Error == null) MessageBox.Show(e.Result);
            else MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
        }

        void client_SetWeatherCompleted(object sender, System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Error == null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Set weather succeed.");
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

为了测试登录对访问服务的影响,以上代码并未根据登录状态对SetWeather、GetWeather按钮的可用性进行控制。

运行示例,可以看到在登录之前访问WeatherService是不成功的,如果用Admin角色的账号登录之后可以SetWeather或GetWeather,如果用Guest角色的账号登录则只能GetWeather。登录并调用GetWeather的效果图如下:

WCF安全之ASP.NET兼容模式_第1张图片

示例测试环境:

操作系统:Windows7

开发环境:Visual Studio 2008 + Silverlight 3

IIS:7.5

浏览器:IE8

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