Spring MVC 框架
Spring 框架提供了构建 Web 应用程序的全功能 MVC 模块。使用 Spring 可插入的 MVC 架构,可以选择是使用内置的 Spring Web 框架还可以是 Struts 这样的 Web 框架。通过策略接口,Spring 框架是高度可配置的,而且包含多种视图技术,例如 JavaServer Pages(JSP)技术、Velocity、Tiles、iText 和 POI。Spring MVC 框架并不知道使用的视图,所以不会强迫您只使用 JSP 技术。Spring MVC 分离了控制器、模型对象、分派器以及处理程序对象的角色,这种分离让它们更容易进行定制。
运行性能上:
Jsp+servlet>struts1>spring mvc>struts2+freemarker>>struts2,ognl,值栈。
开发效率上,基本正好相反。值得强调的是,spring mvc开发效率和struts2不相上下。
Struts2的性能低的原因是因为OGNL和值栈造成的。所以,如果你的系统并发量高,可以使用freemaker进行显示,而不是采用OGNL和值栈。这样,在性能上会有相当大得提高。
基于spring3.0的采用XML配置的spring MVC项目
注:本项目全部基于XML配置。同时,集成了hibernate。采用的是:spring MVC+hibernate+spring的开发架构。
1. 建立web项目
2. 导入jar包(spring.jar, spring-webmvc.jar, commons-logging.jar。其他jar包为hibernate相关jar包)
3. 修改web.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/hib-config.xml,/WEB-INF/web-config.xml,/WEB-INF/service-config.xml,/WEB-INF/dao-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4、 增加web-config.xml(这里包含spring mvc相关的相关配置)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <!-- Controller方法调用规则定义 --> <bean id="paraMethodResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver"> <property name="paramName" value="action"/> <property name="defaultMethodName" value="list"/> </bean> <!-- 页面View层基本信息设定 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <!--<property name="prefix" value="/myjsp/"/>--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!-- servlet映射列表,所有控制层Controller的servlet在这里定义 --> <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="user.do">userController</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="userController" class="com.sxt.action.UserController"> <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property> </bean> </beans>
5、在WEB-INF下增加service-config.xml(这里包含service层类的相关配置)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="userService" class="com.sxt.service.UserService"> <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property> </bean> </beans>
6、在WEB-INF下增加hib-config.xml(这里包含spring集成hibernate相关的配置)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd "> <context:component-scan base-package="com.sxt"/> <!-- 支持aop注解 --> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"> </property> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myhib"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="123456"></property> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource" /> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <!-- key的名字前面都要加hibernate. --> <prop key="hibernate.dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> </props> </property> <property name="packagesToScan"> <value>com.sxt.po</value> </property> </bean> <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate" > <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!--配置一个JdbcTemplate实例--> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理 --> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" /> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(public * com.sxt.service.impl.*.*(..))" id="businessService"/> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="businessService" /> </aop:config> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager" > <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true" propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED" /> <!-- get开头的方法不需要在事务中运行 。 有些情况是没有必要使用事务的,比如获取数据。开启事务本身对性能是有一定的影响的--> <tx:method name="*"/> <!-- 其他方法在实务中运行 --> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> </beans>
7、在WEB-INF下增加dao-config.xml(这里包含dao层类的相关配置)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="userDao" class="com.sxt.dao.UserDao"> <property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"></property> </bean> </beans>
8、javaBean类
package com.sxt.po; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) private int id; private String uname; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUname() { return uname; } public void setUname(String uname) { this.uname = uname; } }
9、dao类
package com.sxt.dao; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate; import com.sxt.po.User; public class UserDao { private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate; public void add(User u){ System.out.println("UserDao.add()"); hibernateTemplate.save(u); } public HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() { return hibernateTemplate; } public void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) { this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate; } }
10、service类
package com.sxt.service; import com.sxt.dao.UserDao; import com.sxt.po.User; public class UserService { private UserDao userDao; public void add(String uname){ System.out.println("UserService.add()"); User u = new User(); u.setUname(uname); userDao.add(u); } public UserDao getUserDao() { return userDao; } public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) { this.userDao = userDao; }
11、control类
package com.sxt.action; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; import com.sxt.service.UserService; public class UserController implements Controller { private UserService userService; @Override public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); req.setAttribute("a", "aaaa"); userService.add(req.getParameter("uname")); return new ModelAndView("index"); } public UserService getUserService() { return userService; } public void setUserService(UserService userService) { this.userService = userService; } }
好了,基于配置文件的spring MVC就算完成了,配置文件还真多,不过项目结构很清晰,有经验的朋友一看就懂。