WCF DataContract and DataMember

 

  这篇来谈一下WCF中重要的两个成员，WCF DataContract and DataMember，如果我们想在客户端调用服务，就需要标注我们的对象或者对象中的属性为契约对象或者契约成员，这样的话，WCF就会将我们的传输的对象转化为XML的格式进行传输。下面还是来做一个小例子，通过在客户端输入用户ID，来从服务端查询用户的信息；在服务端根据WEB端传输的用户ID去库中进行查询。

  1.数据库建立

   

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;">create table tblEmployee
(
	id int,
	name nvarchar(50),
	Gender nvarchar(50),
	DateOfBirth datetime
)

insert into tblEmployee values(1,'MARK','male','10/10/1980')
insert into tblEmployee values(2,'Mary','male','10/10/1980')
insert into tblEmployee values(3,'Job','female','10/10/1980')


create procedure spGetEmployee
	@id int 
	 as
 Begin
		select id,name,gender,dateofbirth from tblEmployee where
		id=@id
End

select * from tblEmployee

create procedure spSaveEmploye
	@id int,
	@name nvarchar(50),
	@Gender nvarchar(50),
	@dateofbirth datetime
	as
	begin
		insert into tblEmployee
		values(@id,@name,@gender,@dateofbirth)

	end
</span>

  上述就是建立了一张简单的表，并且创建了两个村粗过程

  2.建立WCF服务

     与以往一样，也需要建立WCF服务，首先建立契约对象

      

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;">using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
namespace EmployeeService
{
    [DataContract(Namespace="http://EmployeeService/Employee")]
    public class Employee
    {
        private int _id;
        private string _name;
        private string _gender;
        private DateTime _dateOfBirth;

        [DataMember(Name="id",Order=1)]
        public int ID
        {
            get { return _id; }
            set { _id = value; }
        }



        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }


        public string Gender
        {
            get { return _gender; }
            set { _gender = value; }
        }

        public DateTime DateOfBirth
        {
            set { _dateOfBirth = value; }
            get { return _dateOfBirth; }
        }

    }
}
</span>

  员工类建立完后，就是要开始建立WCF两个服务了，在这里提供一个保存和一个查询的方法。

  

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;">using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.Sql;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using System.Data;
namespace EmployeeService
{
    // 注意: 使用“重构”菜单上的“重命名”命令，可以同时更改代码和配置文件中的类名“EmployeeService”。
    public class EmployeeService : IEmployeeService
    {
     
        public Employee GetEmployee(int Id)
        {
            Employee employee = new Employee();
            string cs = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["DBCS"].ConnectionString;

            using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(cs))
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("spGetEmployee", con);
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                SqlParameter parameterId = new SqlParameter();
                parameterId.ParameterName = "@id";
                parameterId.Value = Id;
                cmd.Parameters.Add(parameterId);
                con.Open();
                SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                while (reader.Read()) {
                    employee.ID = Convert.ToInt32(reader["id"]);
                    employee.Name = reader["Name"].ToString();
                    employee.Gender = reader["Gender"].ToString();
                    employee.DateOfBirth = Convert.ToDateTime(reader["DateOfBirth"]);

                }

                return employee;
            }
        }

        public void SaveEmployee(Employee Employee)
        {
         
            string cs = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["DBCS"].ConnectionString;

            using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(cs))
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("spSaveEmploye", con);
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                SqlParameter parameterId = new SqlParameter();
                parameterId.ParameterName = "@id";
                parameterId.Value = Employee.ID;
                cmd.Parameters.Add(parameterId);
                SqlParameter parameterName = new SqlParameter();
                parameterId.ParameterName = "@name";
                parameterId.Value = Employee.Name;
                cmd.Parameters.Add(parameterName);


                SqlParameter parameterGender = new SqlParameter();
                parameterId.ParameterName = "@gender";
                parameterId.Value = Employee.Gender;
                cmd.Parameters.Add(parameterGender);

                SqlParameter parameterDateOfBirth = new SqlParameter();
                parameterId.ParameterName = "@dateofbirth";
                parameterId.Value = Employee.DateOfBirth;
                cmd.Parameters.Add(parameterDateOfBirth);
                con.Open();
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

              
            }
        }
    }
}
</span>

  3.建立宿主

   与以往相同，还是需要建立WCF宿主，为WCF提供运行的场所

  

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;">using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace EmployeeServiceHost
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(EmployeeService.EmployeeService)))
            {
                host.Open();
                Console.WriteLine("host started" + DateTime.Now.ToString());
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
    }
}
</span>

  4.建立客户端

    上述过程建立完后，就可以建立客户端了，鉴于篇幅，就不再此多贴代码了。最后会把DEMO附上

  5.小结

     1.在.net3.5中，我们无须为我们的实体对象加上datacontract的标签，Data ContractSerializer将会自动的序列化我们的Public属性

      2.如果我们标注我们的对象Serializable的话，将会序列化我们所有的属性，包括私有属性。如下所示

     

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

-<xs:schema xmlns:tns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/EmployeeService" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/EmployeeService" elementFormDefault="qualified">


-<xs:complexType name="Employee">


-<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="_dateOfBirth" type="xs:dateTime"/>

<xs:element name="_gender" type="xs:string" nillable="true"/>

<xs:element name="_id" type="xs:int"/>

<xs:element name="_name" type="xs:string" nillable="true"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

<xs:element name="Employee" type="tns:Employee" nillable="true"/>

</xs:schema></span>

  3.如果标注Datacontact或者DataMember的话，将会根据我们的标注进行序列化，这也是最常用的做法。

  4.用DataContract的好处，就是可以更改我们的序列化的对外的名称、顺序和命名空间

  

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;">using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
namespace EmployeeService
{
   [DataContract(Namespace="http://Employee/employee")]
    public class Employee
    {
        private int _id;
        private string _name;
        private string _gender;
        private DateTime _dateOfBirth;

        [DataMember(Name="id",Order=1)]
        public int ID
        {
            get { return _id; }
            set { _id = value; }
        }


        [DataMember(Name = "Name", Order = 2)]
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }


        public string Gender
        {
            get { return _gender; }
            set { _gender = value; }
        }

        public DateTime DateOfBirth
        {
            set { _dateOfBirth = value; }
            get { return _dateOfBirth; }
        }

    }
}
</span>

  本篇博客Demo：WCF中的DataContract和Datamenber