Open Session In View探讨

Open Session In View探讨(转)

在没有使用 Spring 提供的 Open Session In View 情况下,因需要在 service(or Dao) 层里把 session 关闭,所以 lazy loading true 的话,要在应用层内把关系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees() ,否则 Hibernate session already closed Exception;     Open Session In View 提供了一种简便的方法,较好地解决了 lazy loading 问题 .

    它有两种配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor OpenSessionInViewFilter(具体参看SpringSide) ,功能相同,只是一个在 web.xml 配置,另一个在 application.xml 配置而已。

    Open Session In View request session 绑定到当前 thread 期间一直保持 hibernate session open 状态,使 session request 的整个期间都可以使用,如在 View 层里 PO 也可以 lazy loading 数据,如 ${ company.employees } 。当 View 层逻辑完成后,才会通过 Filter doFilter 方法或 Interceptor postHandle 方法自动关闭 session


										
     
     
     
     
OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置
  1. <beans>
  2. <bean name= "openSessionInViewInterceptor"
  3. class= "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">
  4. <property name= "sessionFactory">
  5. <ref bean= "sessionFactory"/>
  6. </property>
  7. </bean>
  8. <bean id= "urlMapping"
  9. class= "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
  10. <property name= "interceptors">
  11. <list>
  12. <ref bean= "openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>
  13. </list>
  14. </property>
  15. <property name= "mappings">
  16. ...
  17. </property>
  18. </bean>
  19. ...
  20. </beans>
										
     
     
     
     
OpenSessionInViewFilter配置
  1. <web-app>
  2. ...
  3. <filter>
  4. <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
  5. <filter-class>
  6. org. springframework. orm. hibernate3. support. OpenSessionInViewFilter
  7. </filter-class>
  8. <!-- singleSession默认为true,若设为false则等于没用 OpenSessionInView -->
  9. <init-param>
  10. <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
  11. <param-value>true</param-value>
  12. </init-param>
  13. </filter>
  14. ...
  15. <filter-mapping>
  16. <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
  17. <url-pattern>*. do</url-pattern>
  18. </filter-mapping>
  19. ...
  20. </web-app>

很多人在使用OpenSessionInView过程中提及一个错误:

										
     
     
     
     
  1. org. springframework. dao. InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations
  2. are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode. NEVER ) - turn your Session into
  3. FlushMode. AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition

看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的几个方法

										
     
     
     
     
  1. protected void doFilterInternal (HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain )
    throws ServletException, IOException {
     SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory ( );
     logger. debug ( "Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter" );
     Session session = getSession (sessionFactory );
     TransactionSynchronizationManager. bindResource (
      sessionFactory, new SessionHolder (session ) );
      try {
      filterChain. doFilter (request, response );
      }
     finally {
     TransactionSynchronizationManager. unbindResource (sessionFactory );
     logger. debug ( "Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter" );
     closeSession (session, sessionFactory );
      }
    }




     
  2. protected Session getSession (SessionFactory sessionFactory )
    throws DataAccessResourceFailureException {
     Session session = SessionFactoryUtils. getSession (sessionFactory, true );
     session. setFlushMode (FlushMode. NEVER );
      return session;
    }

  3. protected
    void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
    throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
     SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);
    }

     可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的时候,会把获取回来的session的flush mode 设为FlushMode.NEVER。然后把该sessionFactory绑定到TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整个过程都使用同一个session,在请求过后再接除该sessionFactory的绑定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根据该session是否已和transaction绑定来决定是否关闭session。在这个过程中,若HibernateTemplate 发现自当前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就会获取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法拥有写权限。

										
     
     
     
     
  1. public static void closeSessionIfNecessary (Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory )
  2. throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
  3. if (session == null ||
    TransactionSynchronizationManager. hasResource (sessionFactory ) ) {
  4. return;
  5. }
  6. logger. debug ( "Closing Hibernate session" );
  7. try {
  8. session. close ( );
  9. }
  10. catch (JDBCException ex ) {
  11. // SQLException underneath
  12. throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException ( "Could not close Hibernate session", ex. getSQLException ( ) );
  13. }
  14. catch (HibernateException ex ) {
  15. throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException ( "Could not close Hibernate session", ex );
  16. }
  17. }

    也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER转为Flush.AUTO,拥有insert,update,delete操作权限,如果没有transaction,并且没有另外人为地设flush model的话,则doFilter的整个过程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保护的方法有写权限,没受保护的则没有。

										
     
     
     
     
采用spring的事务声明,使方法受transaction控制
  1.   <bean id="baseTransaction"
    class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
              abstract="true">
            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
            <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>
            <property name="transactionAttributes">
                <props>
                    <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                    <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                    <prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
                    <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                    <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                    <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                    <prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>

  2.     <bean id="userService" parent="baseTransaction">
            <property name="target">
                <bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
            </property>
        </bean>

对于上例,则以save,add,update,remove开头的方法拥有可写的事务,如果当前有某个方法,如命名为importExcel(),则因没有transaction而没有写权限,这时若方法内有insert,update,delete操作的话,则需要手动设置flush model为Flush.AUTO,如

								
    
    
    
    
  1. session. setFlushMode (FlushMode. AUTO );
  2. session. save (user );
  3. session. flush ( );

     尽管Open Session In View看起来还不错,其实副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代码,这个方法实际上是被父类的doFilter调用的,因此,我们可以大约了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter调用流程: request(请求)->open session并开始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->结束transaction并close session.

     一切看起来很正确,尤其是在本地开发测试的时候没出现问题,但试想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的话,那在这期间connection就一直被占用而不释放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在写Jsp这步,一方面可能是页面内容大,response.write的时间长,另一方面可能是网速慢,服务器与用户间传输时间久。当大量这样的情况出现时,就有连接池连接不足,造成页面假死现象。

Open Session In View是个双刃剑,放在公网上内容多流量大的网站请慎用。

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