spring管理mongodb

安装Spring for Mongodb

Spring项目为方便对Mongodb的操作,建立了spring-data的子项目,地址在:

http://www.springsource.org/spring-data/mongodb,目前版本是1.0.0M2阶段,已支持对Mongodb的一系列基本操作。我们先从http://www.springsource.org/spring-data/mongodb中下载相关的包:spring-data-document-1.0.0.M2.zip,下载解压后,将解压后的四个JAR文件放到工程路径的lib库中,本文中还将使用Spring 3.0.4的版本,请读者自行下载配置。

Spring Mongodb的配置

目前,可以有两种方式对Spring mongodb进行配置。第一种是使用Spring 3中的注解,另外一种是使用传统的XML配置。下面分别进行讲解:

使用Spring 3中的注解

首先在配置类中,要继承AbstractMongoConfiguration类,代码如下:

packagecom.mkyong.config;
 importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoTemplate;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.config.AbstractMongoConfiguration;
 importcom.mongodb.Mongo;
 /**
 * Spring MongoDB configuration file
 * 
*/
 @Configuration
 publicclassSpringMongoConfig extendsAbstractMongoConfiguration {
     @Override
     public@Bean Mongo mongo() throwsException {
         returnnewMongo("localhost");
     }
     @Override
     public@Bean MongoTemplate mongoTemplate() throwsException {
         returnnewMongoTemplate(mongo(),"yourdb","yourCollection");
     }
 }

这里,引入了MongoTemplate模版类,并且使用对连接数据库的地址,数据库名和collection进行了初始化。

在调用Spring Mongodb配置时,只需要在需要使用的类中调用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext,传入刚才配置好的SpringMongoConfig类即可。如下代码所示:

  ApplicationContext
ctx
= new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringMongoConfig. class );
MongoOperations
mongoOperation
= (MongoOperations)ctx.getBean( " mongoTemplate " );

当获得了mongoOperation对象的实例后,即可进行对mongodb的相关操作。

使用XML配置文件

使用XML配置文件的方法如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:mongo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo/spring-mongo-1.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
     <!--Default bean name is 'mongo' -->
     <mongo:mongo host="localhost"port="27017"/>
     <bean id="mongoTemplate"
                  class="org.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoTemplate">
         <constructor-arg ref="mongo"/>
         <constructor-arg name="databaseName"value="yourdb"/>
         <constructor-arg name="defaultCollectionName"value="yourCollection"/>
     </bean>
     <!--To translate any MongoExceptions thrown in @Repository annotated classes -->
     <context:annotation-config />
 </beans>

注意这里引用相关的命名空间xmlns:mongo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo"
,并且在名为mongoTemplate中注入相关的数据库地址,数据库名即可,使用方法如下:

ApplicationContext ctx = new GenericXmlApplicationContext( " mongo-config.xml " );

使用Spring Mongodb实现增删改查操作

下面通过实例讲解如何使用Spring Mongodb实现增删改查操作,假设我们现在有一个实

体类user如下:

packagecom.mkyong.user;
 publicclassUser {
 privateString id;
 privateString firstname;
 privateString lastname;
 privateintage;
 //getter and setter methods 
}

接下来,我们看具体的操作代码,如下,这里假设要将user类保存到名为userprofile的数据集中。

packagecom.mkyong.core;
 
importjava.util.List;
 
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 importorg.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 importorg.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoOperations;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Criteria;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Query;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Update;
 importcom.mkyong.config.SpringMongoConfig;
 importcom.mkyong.user.User;
 publicclassApp
 {
 publicstaticvoidmain( String[] args )
 {
 ApplicationContext ctx =newAnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringMongoConfig.class);
 MongoOperations mongoOperation =(MongoOperations)ctx.getBean("mongoTemplate");
 User user =newUser("1001", "yong", "mook kim", 30);
 //保存
 mongoOperation.save("userprofile",user);
 //查找
 User savedUser =mongoOperation.findOne("userprofile",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("id").is("1001")),
 User.class);
 System.out.println("savedUser : "+savedUser);
 //更新
 mongoOperation.updateFirst("userprofile",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("firstname").is("yong")), 
Update.update("lastname", "new lastname"));
 User updatedUser =mongoOperation.findOne("userprofile",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("id").is("1001")),
 User.class);
 System.out.println("updatedUser : "+updatedUser);
 //删除
 mongoOperation.remove("userprofile",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("id").is("1001")),
 User.class);
 //显示当前列表
 List<User>listUser =
 mongoOperation.getCollection("userprofile", User.class);
 System.out.println("Number of user = "+listUser.size());
 }
 }

输出结果如下:

savedUser : User [id = 1001 , firstname = yong, lastname = mook kim, age = 30 ]
updatedUser : User [id
= 1001 , firstname = yong, lastname = new lastname, age = 30 ]
Number of user
=

Spring mongodb插入数据

下面详细讲解如何使用spring mongodb插入数据。在spring mongodb中,插入数据到

mongodb有如下几种方法:

User user =newUser("...");
 //将user对象保存到"user"这个collection中
 mongoOperation.save(user);
 //将user对象保存到"new collection"这个collection中
 mongoOperation.save("new collection",user);
 //将user对象保存到"user"这个collection中
 mongoOperation.insert(user);
 //将user对象保存到"new collection"这个collection中
 mongoOperation.insert("new collection", user);
 //将user的对象列表(List)保存到"user"collection中去
 mongoOperation.insertList(userInList);
 //将user的对象列表(List)保存到"new collection"collection中去
 mongoOperation.insertList("new collection", userInList); 

要注意的是,Spring mongodb中,当没有指定collection时,就会把对象保存到以对象命名的collection中。比如上例中的mongoOperation.insert(user),由于没指定collection的名称,所以会把user对象保存到user这个新建立的collection中。

另外请注意其中的save和insert的区别。它们的区别为:

1)save意思是,当记录不存在时插入,或者是当记录已存在是更新,实际上就是saveorupdate的意思。

2) insert的意思是:当记录不存在时插入,而如果记录存在时则忽略,继续插入。

下面举例子说明:

packagecom.mkyong.core;
 importjava.util.ArrayList;
 importjava.util.List;
 importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 importorg.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.MongoOperations;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Criteria;
 importorg.springframework.data.document.mongodb.query.Query;
 importcom.mkyong.config.SpringMongoConfig;
 importcom.mkyong.user.User;
 publicclassApp {
 publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
 ApplicationContext ctx =newAnnotationConfigApplicationContext(
 SpringMongoConfig.class);
 MongoOperations mongoOperation =(MongoOperations) ctx
 .getBean("mongoTemplate");
 //新增一个user对象,并把它放到"ABC"这个collection中
 System.out.println("Case 1...");
 User userA =newUser("1111", "user", "A", 99);
 mongoOperation.save("ABC", userA);
 //查找刚插入的user对象
 User userA1 =mongoOperation.findOne("ABC",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("id").is("1111")), User.class);
 System.out.println(userA1);
 //插入新的user,放到userB这个collection中去
 System.out.println("Case 2...");
 User userB =newUser("2222", "user", "B", 99);
 mongoOperation.save(userB);
 //查找
 User userB1 =mongoOperation.findOne(
 newQuery(Criteria.where("id").is("2222")), User.class);
 System.out.println(userB1);
 //插入对象列表,放到arraylist中
 System.out.println("Case 3...");
 User userC =newUser("3333", "user", "C", 99);
 User userD =newUser("4444", "user", "D", 99);
 User userE =newUser("5555", "user", "E", 99);
 List<User>userList =newArrayList<User>();
 userList.add(userC);
 userList.add(userD);
 userList.add(userE);
 mongoOperation.insertList("ABC-List", userList);
 List<User>users =mongoOperation.find("ABC-List", newQuery(Criteria
 .where("firstname").is("user")), User.class);
 for(User temp : users) {
 System.out.println(temp);
 }
 }
 }

输出结果如下:

Case 1...
User [id
=1111, firstname=user, lastname=A, age=99]
Case
2...
User [id
=2222, firstname=user, lastname=B, age=99]
Case
3...
User [id
=3333, firstname=user, lastname=C, age=99]
User [id
=4444, firstname=user, lastname=D, age=99]
User [id
=5555, firstname=user, lastname=E, age=99]

更新Document

在mongodb中,可以使用save,updateFirst(),updateMulti()方法来进行更新,下面

是相关的例子

publicclassApp {
 publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
 ApplicationContext ctx =newAnnotationConfigApplicationContext(
 SpringMongoConfig.class);
 MongoOperations mongoOperation =(MongoOperations) ctx
 .getBean("mongoTemplate");
 User user =newUser("1000", "user-first", "user-last", 17);
 System.out.println("Case 1...by save()");
 mongoOperation.save(user);
 User userPrint1 =mongoOperation.findOne(newQuery(Criteria.where("id").is("1000")), User.class);
 System.out.println(userPrint1);
 //修改user对象的lastname
 user.setLastname("new last name");
 //更新user对象
 mongoOperation.save(user);
 User userPrint2 =mongoOperation.findOne(newQuery(Criteria.where("id")
 .is("1000")), User.class);
 System.out.println(userPrint2);
 //Case 2 ... update firstname field, $set
 System.out.println("Case 2...by updateFirst() - $set");
 //将id为1000的user对象的firstname属性的值更新为”new firstname”
 mongoOperation.updateFirst("user",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("_id").is("1000")),
 Update.update("firstname", "new first name"));
 User userPrint3 =mongoOperation.findOne(newQuery(Criteria.where("id")
 .is("1000")), User.class);
 System.out.println(userPrint3);
 //对id为1000的user的age加上10
 System.out.println("Case 3...by updateFirst() - $inc");
 Update updateAge =newUpdate();
 updateAge.inc("age", 10);
 mongoOperation.updateFirst("user",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("_id").is("1000")), updateAge);
 User userPrint4 =mongoOperation.findOne(newQuery(Criteria
 .where("_id").is("1000")), User.class);
 System.out.println(userPrint4);
 }
 }

结果为:

Case 1 ...by save()
User [id
= 1000 , firstname = user - first, lastname = user - last, age = 17 ]
User [id
= 1000 , firstname = user - first, lastname = new last name, age = 17 ]
Case
2 ...by updateFirst() - $set
User [id
= 1000 , firstname = new first name, lastname = new last name, age = 17 ]
Case
3 ...by updateFirst() - $inc
User [id
= 1000 , firstname = new first name, lastname = new last name, age = 27 ]

此外,还支持使用updateMulti,updateMulti是将所有的对象进行更新,比如:

mongoOperation.updateMulti( " user " ,
new Query(Criteria.where( " firstname " ).is( " yong " )),
Update.update(
" age " , 40 ));

表示将所有firstname为yong的user对象的age属性全部更新为40。

查询Document

在spring mongodb中,可以使用findOne(),find()和getCollection()去查询mongodb,常见的用法如下:

User user =newUser("...");
 //找到第一个id=1001的user对象
 User user =mongoOperation.findOne("test", newQuery(Criteria
 .where("id").is("1001")), User.class);
 //从test集合中获得所有id<=1000并且age=21的user对象
 List<User>users =mongoOperation.find("test", newQuery(Criteria
 .where("id").lte("2001").and("age").is(21)), User.class);
 //从test 集合中获得所有的user对象列表
 List<User>users =mongoOperation.getCollection("test", User.class); 

删除document

在spring mongodb中, 删除document使用remove方法,示例如下:

 User user =newUser("...");
 //删除user集合中的user对象
 mongoOperation.remove(user);
 //删除test集合下的id=2的user对象 
mongoOperation.remove("test", newQuery(Criteria
 .where("id").is("2")));
 //删除test集合下的,id=3的user对象,最后并且返回这个被删除的对象
 User deletedUser =mongoOperation.findAndRemove("test",
 newQuery(Criteria.where("id").is("3")), User.class);

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