设计一个复数类(运算符重载)

参考资源：

谷歌大神，《C++程序设计语言》

一，设计要求

要求：复数 由两个实数组成。因此该类至少应包含两个“私有”成员变量，
还应具有如下成员函数：
1）多种构造函数；
2）析构函数；
3）取实部和虚部；
4）求模；
5）求主幅角；
6）单目运算：++等；
7）双目运算：重构运算符操作+ , - , x , /等
8）混合运算

二，代码实现

1，Complex.h代码如下（友元实现的重载运算符，其实也可以用成员函数实现）

#include <iostream>  
#include "math.h"
using namespace std; 
class Complex 
{ 
public: 
	Complex( )
	{real=0;imag=0;} 
	Complex(double r)
	{real=r;imag=0;}
	Complex(double r,double i)
	{real=r;imag=i;}  
	Complex(const Complex& c)//复制构造函数（一定要用引用）
	{real=c.real;imag=c.imag;} 
	~Complex(){}

	double getReal()
	{
		return this->real;
	}
	double getImag()
	{
		return this->imag;
	}
	//使用友元来重载运算符（注意，这些函数都不属于这个类，他没有this指针）

	//输入输出运算符重载  
	friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Complex c); 
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Complex c); 
	//双目运算：加减乘除运算符重载  
	friend Complex operator+(Complex c1,Complex c2); 
	friend Complex operator-(Complex c1,Complex c2); 
	friend Complex operator*(Complex c1,Complex c2); 
	friend Complex operator/(Complex c1,Complex c2); 
	
	//单目运算:自增
	friend Complex operator++(Complex c);//前置
	friend Complex operator++(Complex c,int);//hou置

	//双目运算：混合运算
	friend Complex operator+=(Complex c,double d);
	friend Complex operator+(Complex c1,double d);
	friend Complex operator+(double d,Complex c1);

	//比较运算
	friend bool operator==(Complex c1,Complex c2);
	friend bool operator!=(Complex c1,Complex c2);
	//成员函数
	Complex abs();//求绝对值
	double mod();
	double arg();
private: 
	double real; 
	double imag; 
}; 

//输入运算符重载  
istream & operator>>(istream& in,Complex c) 
{ 
	in>>c.real>>c.imag; 
	return in; 
} 
//输出运算符重载  
ostream & operator<<(ostream &out,Complex c) 
{ 
	if (c.getImag()>=0)
	{
		out<<"("<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"i)"<<"    "; 
	}
	else
	{
		out<<"("<<c.real<<c.imag<<"i)"<<"    ";
	}
	return out; 
} 

Complex operator+(Complex c1,double d) 
{ 
	Complex c; 
	c.real=c1.real+d;
	return c; 
}

Complex operator+(double d,Complex c1) 
{ 
	Complex c; 
	c.real=c1.real+d;
	return c; 
}

bool operator==(Complex c1,Complex c2) 
{ 
	if (c1.imag==c2.imag&&c1.real==c2.real)
	{
		return true;
	}else
	{
		return false;
	}
} 

bool operator!=(Complex c1,Complex c2) 
{ 
	if (c1.imag!=c2.imag||c1.real!=c2.real)
	{
		return true;
	}else
	{
		return false;
	}
} 
//加减乘除运算符重载 
Complex operator+(Complex c1,Complex c2) 
{ 
	Complex c; 
	c.real=c1.real+c2.real; 
	c.imag=c1.imag+c2.imag; 
	return c; 
} 

Complex operator-(Complex c1,Complex c2) 
{ 
	Complex c; 
	c.real=c1.real-c2.real; 
	c.imag=c1.imag-c2.imag; 
	return c; 
} 

Complex operator*(Complex c1,Complex c2) 
{ 
	Complex c; 
	c.real=c1.real*c2.real-c1.imag*c2.imag; 
	c.imag=c1.imag*c2.real+c1.real*c2.imag; 
	return c; 
} 

Complex operator/(Complex c1,Complex c2) 
{ 
	Complex c; 
	c.real=(c1.real/c2.real+c1.imag/c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag); 
	c.imag=(c1.imag/c2.real-c1.real/c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag); 
	return c; 
} 

Complex operator++(Complex c) 
{ 
	
	++c.real;
	++c.imag;
	return c; 
}

Complex operator++(Complex c,int) 
{ 

	++c.real;
	++c.imag;
	return c; 
}

Complex  Complex::abs()
{
	Complex temp;
	temp.real=(this->real>=0)?this->real:(-this->real);
	temp.imag=(this->imag>=0)?this->imag:(-this->imag);
	return temp;
}

double  Complex::mod()
{
	double temp=0.0;
	temp=pow(this->real,2.0)+pow(this->imag,2.0);
	temp=sqrt(temp);
	return temp;
}

double Complex::arg()
{
	double temp=0.0;
	temp=atan(imag/real);
	temp=temp*57.296;
	return temp;
}

（2）主测试程序：

// ConsoleAppComplex.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ComplexNum.h"

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	system("color 0A");
	cout<<"/******************************华丽的分割线*****************************/"<<endl;
	Complex ans; 
	Complex c1(-2.0),c2(1,-0.5),c3=3,c4(c2);
	cout<<"您设定的四个复数"<<"c1:"<<c1<<" c2:"<<c2<<" c3:"<<c3<<" c4:"<<c4<<endl;

	ans=c1*c2;
	cout<<"c1*c2="<<ans<<endl; 

	ans=c1/c2; 
	cout<<"c1/c2="<<ans<<endl; 

	ans=c1+c2;
	cout<<"c1+c2="<<ans<<endl; 

	ans=c1-c2; 
	cout<<"c1-c2="<<ans<<endl; 
	ans=ans.abs();
	cout<<"c1-c2的结果绝对值后："<<ans<<endl; 
	cout<<endl<<"/******************************华丽的分割线*****************************/"<<endl;

	if (c1==c3)
	{
		cout<<"复数c1与c3相等！"<<endl; 
	}else 
	{
		cout<<"复数c1与c3不相等！"<<endl; 
	}
	if (c4==c2)
	{
		cout<<"复数c2与c4相等！"<<endl; 
	}else 
	{
		cout<<"复数c2与c4不相等！"<<endl; 
	}



	cout<<endl<<"/******************************华丽的分割线*****************************/"<<endl;
	double ans1=0.0;
	ans1=ans.mod();
	cout<<"c1-c2的结果取模后:"<<ans1<<endl;
	Complex ans3;
	ans3=c1+ans1;
	cout<<"c1+ans1(模值)="<<ans3<<endl;

	ans3=ans1+c2;
	cout<<"ans1(模值)+c2="<<ans3<<endl;

	double ans2=0.0;
	ans2=ans.arg();
	cout<<"c1-c2的结果主幅角:"<<ans2<<"度"<<endl;

	cout<<"单目运算：第一个复数前置自增"<<++c1<<endl;
	cout<<"单目运算：第二个复数后置自增"<<c2++<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"/******************************华丽的分割线*****************************/"<<endl;
	cout<<"请输入第一个复数的实部与虚部"<<endl;
	cin>>c1; 
	cout<<"请输入第二个复数的实部与虚部"<<endl;
	cin>>c2; 
	cout<<"您输入的两个复数为"<<c1<<"    "<<c2<<endl; 

	ans=c1+c2; 
	cout<<"c1+c2="<<ans<<endl; 

	ans=c1-c2; 
	cout<<"c1-c2="<<ans<<endl; 
	
	system("pause");
	return 0; 
}

（3）测试结果：