ubuntu学习笔记(ssh的安装，SecureCRT连接，vim的安装及使用、jdk的安装)

简介

1.       ubuntu版本：ubuntu-12.04-server-i386.iso

 

安装SSH

安装命令如下，安装过程过于简单就不用说了。

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

 

查看是否安装成功：

ps -e |grep ssh

1329 ?        00:00:00 sshd

看到sshd那说明ssh-server已经启动了

 

查看IP：ifconfig

naxsu@ubuntu:~$ ifconfig eth0      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:e0:32:e5            inet addr:192.168.26.128 Bcast:192.168.26.255 Mask:255.255.255.0           inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fee0:32e5/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1           RX packets:53 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:55 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:5999 (5.9 KB) TX bytes:7364 (7.3 KB)           Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000   lo        Link encap:Local Loopback            inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

 

用SecureCRT连接

安装jdk

1.       下载

wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/6u31-b04/jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

2.       把jdk移到/usr/local/目录下

naxsu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mv jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin /usr/local/

[sudo] password for naxsu:

3.       安装

naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

-bash: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: Permission denied

 

提示没权限

方法一：在前面加上sudo sh

root@ubuntu:/usr/java#sudo sh ./ jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

方法二：加权限

root@ubuntu:/usr/java# sudo chmod u+x jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

root@ubuntu:/usr/java# ./ jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

 

naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ sudo chmod u+x jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ sudo ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin

出问题了，如下：

naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ sudo ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 1: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open html: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 2: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open head: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 3: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open title: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 3: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: Request: not found ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 4: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open META: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 5: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open link: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 6: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open link: No such file : not foundlinux-i586.bin: 7: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 8: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open body: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 9: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open div: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 10: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open table: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 11: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: cannot open tr: No such file ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: 12: ./jdk-6u31-linux-i586.bin: Syntax error: redirection unexpected

用vi编辑器打开，竟是一个网页。

 

只能到官网下载JDK了

 

用VMware Workstation虚拟机来识别USB设备(如U盘)的方法

　首先，要使VM虚拟机能够识别USB设备，也就像Windows中的找到新硬件提示一样，打开虚拟机，运行后，插入USB设备（该设备已被Windows识别），然后按照图示方式选择Removable Devices,选择USB Device，然后在VM的右下角会出现USB设备图标，证明已经被VM识别出来了。

其次，因为在Linux系统中要读取U盘设备，必须通过文件挂载的方式来访问，即把USB设备也当成文件来访问，要挂载设备，首先要知道其设备名，然后在利用挂载命令挂载，可以用fdisk –l或者dmesg命令获得USB设备的设备名假设为sdb1，然后新建一个文件夹目录比如mkdir myusb ,再利用mount –t –vfat 设备名 挂载目录命令挂载，这里可使用mount –t –vfat sdb1 myusb，然后就可以通过myusb目录访问USB设备上的内容。

最后，使用完毕之后要卸载USB，可以使用unmount挂载目录，或者unmount 设备名，即可使用unmount myusb或者unmount sdb1来卸载。

 

 

naxsu@ubuntu:/mnt$ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for naxsu:   Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00063e01      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System /dev/sda1   *        2048    40894463    20446208   83 Linux /dev/sda2        40896510    41940991      522241    5 Extended /dev/sda5        40896512    41940991      522240   82 Linux swap / Solaris   Disk /dev/sdb: 4011 MB, 4011851776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 487 cylinders, total 7835648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00328b06      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System /dev/sdb1   *          63     7835647     3917792+   c W95 FAT32 (LBA)

 

naxsu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/myusb naxsu@ubuntu:~$ ls naxsu@ubuntu:~$ cd /mnt/myusb/ naxsu@ubuntu:/mnt/myusb$ sudo cp jdk-6u24-linux-i586.bin /usr/local/ naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ sudo chmod u+x jdk-6u24-linux-i586.bin naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ sudo ./jdk-6u24-linux-i586.bin ……… Press Enter to continue.....     Done.

 

配置环境变量

用vim编辑，没有就安装

naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24$ vim /etc/profile The program 'vim' can be found in the following packages:  * vim  * vim-gnome  * vim-tiny  * vim-athena  * vim-gtk  * vim-nox Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package> naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24$ sudo apt-get install vim   naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ sudo vim /etc/profile 加入以下代码： #set java environment export JAVA_HOME= /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24 export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH:$HOMR/bin   下面才有效 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24 export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

 

每次都用sudo太麻烦了，我们来激活root用户

naxsu@ubuntu:/usr/local$ sudo -s

root@ubuntu:/usr/local#

修改root用户密码

在终端执行 sudo passwd root 指令后，系统将会提示你设置一个新的 root 帐号密码

如果要禁用 root 帐号，那么可以执行 sudo passwd -l root

 

/etc/profile的设置对su root无效

那如何将/etc/profile的设置在su root也能生效呢？ naxsu@ubuntu:~$ su - root Password: “-”不能省略，它是–login的编写。

 

让当前配置立即生效 root@ubuntu:~# source /etc/profile 测试安装是否成功 root@ubuntu:~# echo $JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24 root@ubuntu:~# echo $PATH /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24/bin:/bin:/jre/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/bin root@ubuntu:~# echo $CLASSPATH .:/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24/lib/dt.jar:/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_24/lib/tools.jar root@ubuntu:~# java -version java version "1.6.0_24" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_24-b07) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 19.1-b02, mixed mode, sharing) root@ubuntu:~# 以上提示说明安装成功。

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