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对于Servlet 学习过后,那么接触到JSP,那么可以发现JSP编程则会突然喜爱上,因为JSP不仅仅也是一个servlet,还能帮我们直接从servlet的容器(Tomcat)为我们直接生成对应的servlet代码。至于更加详细的介绍大家可以自行baidu~goole
下面让我们首先写一个JSP,然后大家就明白了其用途:
1. 首先我们编写如下一个jsp文件,这里起名 himi.jsp,其内容如下:
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<
html
>
<
head
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<%
out.println("HelloWorld!");
%>
</
body
>
</
html
>
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OK,将其之间放置我们上一篇创建的webapp根目录即可;
然后尝试访问一下这个himi.jsp 观察如下:(这里Himi在tomcat目录下创建的webapp叫“MyWebApp”)
OK,发现Servlet 返回给Client端一个“ Hello World! ”字符串
大家先到tomcat目录下的/work/Catalina/localhost/MyWebApp/org/apache/jsp文件夹下我们可以看到如下两个文件:
a)himi_jsp.class b)himi_jsp.java
不二话打开 himi_jsp.java 如下:
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/*
* Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
* Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.27
* Generated at: 2012-05-24 16:07:57 UTC
* Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
* the last modified time of the source file after
* generation to assist with modification tracking.
*/
package
org.apache.jsp;
import
javax.servlet.*;
import
javax.servlet.http.*;
import
javax.servlet.jsp.*;
public
final
class
himi_jsp
extends
org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements
org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
private
static
final
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private
static
java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
private
javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private
org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
public
java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
return
_jspx_dependants;
}
public
void
_jspInit() {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
_jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
}
public
void
_jspDestroy() {
}
public
void
_jspService(
final
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request,
final
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
throws
java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
final
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session =
null
;
final
javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
final
javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out =
null
;
final
java.lang.Object page =
this
;
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out =
null
;
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context =
null
;
try
{
response.setContentType(
"text/html"
);
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(
this
, request, response,
null
,
true
,
8192
,
true
);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write(
"<html>\n"
);
out.write(
"\t<head>\n"
);
out.write(
"\t</head>\n"
);
out.write(
"\n"
);
out.write(
"\t<body>\n"
);
out.write(
"\t\t"
);
out.println(
"HelloWorld!"
);
out.write(
"\n"
);
out.write(
"\t</body>\n"
);
out.write(
"</html>"
);
}
catch
(java.lang.Throwable t) {
if
(!(t
instanceof
javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if
(out !=
null
&& out.getBufferSize() !=
0
)
try
{ out.clearBuffer(); }
catch
(java.io.IOException e) {}
if
(_jspx_page_context !=
null
) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
}
}
finally
{
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
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看到这里大家应该明白了,当客户端访问jsp后,jsp默认生成一个 servlet 并且编译字节码,(当然是第一次访问生成并编译,后续访问就不会再次编译了);
JSP 语法:
拐回头来看 himi.jsp 代码:
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<
html
>
<
head
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<%
out.println("HelloWorld!");
%>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
【JSP 自动生成的servlet代码,其实内置了一些对象,如下:】
out 就是PrintWriter;
req 就是HttpServletRequest,
resp 就是HttpServletResponse
1. <% … %> 两个符号之间是我们的servlet代码;也就是程序代码块,在其中可以任意放置java代码;
也就是说客户端访问jsp后默认将我们himi.jsp中的内容转换成servlet;
2. 其中注视的方式:
1) <%–… …–%> 2) <%//… …%> 3) <%/*… …*/%>
要注意:以上注视都是服务器端的注视方式,如果你在jsp使用客户端注视方式:
<!– … –> 那要格外注意!如果你在客户端注视方式加入<%…%>如下:
<!– <% %> –>中是无法阻止服务器端的代码!只能保证<%..%>不保证在客户端显示出来罢了;
3. <%! … %> 表示将其中的代码成为自动生成servlet类的成员变量或者成员函数;
4. <%= … %> 等同于 <% out.println(); %>
5. request.getParameter(“xxx”); 可以动态获取到xxx这个属性的参数;
例如传入一个 xxx.jsp?xxx=yyy
6. <%@Directive 属性=”属性值”%> 编译期间的命令;
Directive 常用: a) page b) include c) taglib
JSP服务器端和客户端代码互相调用方法:
示例代码段1:
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xx.jsp
<
script
>
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