wxPython:文件对话框wx.FileDialog
本节看一下文件对话框的使用，先看实例，再介绍具体知识点。
代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Function:绘图
Input：NONE
Output: NONE
author: socrates
blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/
date:2012-07-14
'''
import wx
import cPickle
import os
class PaintWindow(wx.Window):
def __init__(self, parent, id):
wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, id)
self.SetBackgroundColour("Red")
self.color = "Green"
self.thickness = 10
#创建一个画笔
self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
self.lines = []
self.curLine = []
self.pos = (0, 0)
self.InitBuffer()
#连接事件
self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.OnLeftDown)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self.OnLeftUp)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnMotion)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
def InitBuffer(self):
size = self.GetClientSize()
#创建缓存的设备上下文
self.buffer = wx.EmptyBitmap(size.width, size.height)
dc = wx.BufferedDC(None, self.buffer)
#使用设备上下文
dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour()))
dc.Clear()
self.DrawLines(dc)
self.reInitBuffer = False
def GetLinesData(self):
return self.lines[:]
def SetLinesData(self, lines):
self.lines = lines[:]
self.InitBuffer()
self.Refresh()
def OnLeftDown(self, event):
self.curLine = []
#获取鼠标位置
self.pos = event.GetPositionTuple()
self.CaptureMouse()
def OnLeftUp(self, event):
if self.HasCapture():
self.lines.append((self.color,
self.thickness,
self.curLine))
self.curLine = []
self.ReleaseMouse()
def OnMotion(self, event):
if event.Dragging() and event.LeftIsDown():
dc = wx.BufferedDC(wx.ClientDC(self), self.buffer)
self.drawMotion(dc, event)
event.Skip()
def drawMotion(self, dc, event):
dc.SetPen(self.pen)
newPos = event.GetPositionTuple()
coords = self.pos + newPos
self.curLine.append(coords)
dc.DrawLine(*coords)
self.pos = newPos
def OnSize(self, event):
self.reInitBuffer = True
def OnIdle(self, event):
if self.reInitBuffer:
self.InitBuffer()
self.Refresh(False)
def OnPaint(self, event):
dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self, self.buffer)
def DrawLines(self, dc):
for colour, thickness, line in self.lines:
pen = wx.Pen(colour, thickness, wx.SOLID)
dc.SetPen(pen)
for coords in line:
dc.DrawLine(*coords)
def SetColor(self, color):
self.color = color
self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
def SetThickness(self, num):
self.thickness = num
self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
class PaintFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
self.title = "Paint Frame"
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, self.title, size = (800, 600))
self.paint = PaintWindow(self, -1)
#状态栏
self.paint.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnPaintMotion)
self.InitStatusBar()
#创建菜单
self.CreateMenuBar()
self.filename = ""
def InitStatusBar(self):
self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
#将状态栏分割为3个区域,比例为1:2:3
self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-1, -2, -3])
def OnPaintMotion(self, event):
#设置状态栏1内容
self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"鼠标位置：" + str(event.GetPositionTuple()), 0)
#设置状态栏2内容
self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"当前线条长度：%s" % len(self.paint.curLine), 1)
#设置状态栏3内容
self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"线条数目：%s" % len(self.paint.lines), 2)
event.Skip()
def MenuData(self):
'''
菜单数据
'''
#格式：菜单数据的格式现在是(标签, (项目))，其中：项目组成为：标签, 描术文字, 处理器, 可选的kind
#标签长度为2，项目的长度是3或4
return [("&File", ( #一级菜单项
("&New", "New paint file", self.OnNew), #二级菜单项
("&Open", "Open paint file", self.OnOpen),
("&Save", "Save paint file", self.OnSave),
("", "", ""), #分隔线
("&Color", (
("&Black", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), #三级菜单项，单选
("&Red", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO),
("&Green", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO),
("&Blue", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO))),
("", "", ""),
("&Quit", "Quit", self.OnCloseWindow)))
]
def CreateMenuBar(self):
'''
创建菜单
'''
menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
for eachMenuData in self.MenuData():
menuLabel = eachMenuData[0]
menuItems = eachMenuData[1]
menuBar.Append(self.CreateMenu(menuItems), menuLabel)
self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
def CreateMenu(self, menuData):
'''
创建一级菜单
'''
menu = wx.Menu()
for eachItem in menuData:
if len(eachItem) == 2:
label = eachItem[0]
subMenu = self.CreateMenu(eachItem[1])
menu.AppendMenu(wx.NewId(), label, subMenu) #递归创建菜单项
else:
self.CreateMenuItem(menu, *eachItem)
return menu
def CreateMenuItem(self, menu, label, status, handler, kind = wx.ITEM_NORMAL):
'''
创建菜单项内容
'''
if not label:
menu.AppendSeparator()
return
menuItem = menu.Append(-1, label, status, kind)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, handler,menuItem)
def OnNew(self, event):
pass
def OnOpen(self, event):
'''
打开开文件对话框
'''
file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*"
dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Open paint file...",
os.getcwd(),
style = wx.OPEN,
wildcard = file_wildcard)
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
self.filename = dlg.GetPath()
self.ReadFile()
self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename)
dlg.Destroy()
def OnSave(self, event):
'''
保存文件
'''
if not self.filename:
self.OnSaveAs(event)
else:
self.SaveFile()
def OnSaveAs(self, event):
'''
弹出文件保存对话框
'''
file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*"
dlg = wx.FileDialog(self,
"Save paint as ...",
os.getcwd(),
style = wx.SAVE | wx.OVERWRITE_PROMPT,
wildcard = file_wildcard)
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
filename = dlg.GetPath()
if not os.path.splitext(filename)[1]: #如果没有文件名后缀
filename = filename + '.paint'
self.filename = filename
self.SaveFile()
self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename)
dlg.Destroy()
def OnColor(self, event):
'''
更改画笔内容
'''
menubar = self.GetMenuBar()
itemid = event.GetId()
item = menubar.FindItemById(itemid)
color = item.GetLabel() #获取菜单项内容
self.paint.SetColor(color)
def OnCloseWindow(self, event):
self.Destroy()
def SaveFile(self):
'''
保存文件
'''
if self.filename:
data = self.paint.GetLinesData()
f = open(self.filename, 'w')
cPickle.dump(data, f)
f.close()
def ReadFile(self):
if self.filename:
try:
f = open(self.filename, 'r')
data = cPickle.load(f)
f.close()
self.paint.SetLinesData(data)
except cPickle.UnpicklingError:
wx.MessageBox("%s is not a paint file."
% self.filename, "error tip",
style = wx.OK | wx.ICON_EXCLAMATION)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.PySimpleApp()
frame = PaintFrame(None)
frame.Show(True)
app.MainLoop()
测试：
1、保存对话框：
2、打开对话框：
知识点介绍：
wx.FileDialog原型：
wxFileDialog(wxWindow* parent, const wxString& message = "Choose a file", const wxString& defaultDir = "", const wxString&defaultFile = "", const wxString& wildcard = "*.*", long style = wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE, const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,const wxSize& sz = wxDefaultSize, const wxString& name = "filedlg")
方法：
- wxFileDialog::wxFileDialog
- wxFileDialog::~wxFileDialog
- wxFileDialog::GetDirectory
- wxFileDialog::GetFilename
- wxFileDialog::GetFilenames
- wxFileDialog::GetFilterIndex
- wxFileDialog::GetMessage
- wxFileDialog::GetPath
- wxFileDialog::GetPaths
- wxFileDialog::GetWildcard
- wxFileDialog::SetDirectory
- wxFileDialog::SetFilename
- wxFileDialog::SetFilterIndex
- wxFileDialog::SetMessage
- wxFileDialog::SetPath
- wxFileDialog::SetWildcard
- wxFileDialog::ShowModal
参数：
- parentParent window.
- messageMessage to show on the dialog.
- defaultDirThe default directory, or the empty string.
- defaultFileThe default filename, or the empty string.
- wildcard
-
A wildcard, such as "*.*" or "BMP files (*.bmp)|*.bmp|GIF files (*.gif)|*.gif".
Note that the native Motif dialog has some limitations with respect to wildcards; see the Remarks section above.
- styleA dialog style. See wxFD_* styles for more info.
- posDialog position. Not implemented.
- sizeDialog size. Not implemented.
- name
-
Dialog name. Not implemented.
-
附:Style取值
| wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE | Equivalent to wxFD_OPEN. |
| wxFD_OPEN | This is an open dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Open". Cannot be combined with wxFD_SAVE. |
| wxFD_SAVE | This is a save dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Save". Cannot be combined with wxFD_OPEN. |
| wxFD_OVERWRITE_PROMPT | For save dialog only: prompt for a confirmation if a file will be overwritten. |
| wxFD_FILE_MUST_EXIST | For open dialog only: the user may only select files that actually exist. |
| wxFD_MULTIPLE | For open dialog only: allows selecting multiple files. |
| wxFD_CHANGE_DIR | Change the current working directory to the directory where the file(s) chosen by the user are. |
| wxFD_PREVIEW | Show the preview of the selected files (currently only supported by wxGTK using GTK+ 2.4 or later). |