#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; #define MAXN 9999 #define MAXSIZE 10 #define DLEN 4 class BigInt { private: int a[500]; //可以控制大数的位数 int len; //大数长度 public: BigInt(){ len = 1;memset(a,0,sizeof(a)); } //构造函数 BigInt(const int); //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数 BigInt(const char*); //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数 BigInt(const BigInt &); //拷贝构造函数 BigInt &operator=(const BigInt &); //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算 friend istream& operator>>(istream&, BigInt&); //重载输入运算符 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, BigInt&); //重载输出运算符 BigInt operator+(const BigInt &) const; //重载加法运算符,两个大数之间的相加运算 BigInt operator-(const BigInt &) const; //重载减法运算符,两个大数之间的相减运算 BigInt operator*(const BigInt &) const; //重载乘法运算符,两个大数之间的相乘运算 BigInt operator/(const int &) const; //重载除法运算符,大数对一个整数进行相除运算 BigInt operator^(const int &) const; //大数的n次方运算 int operator%(const int &) const; //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算 bool operator>(const BigInt & T)const; //大数和另一个大数的大小比较 bool operator<(const BigInt & T) const; bool operator==(const BigInt & T) const; bool operator>(const int & t)const; //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较 bool operator<(const int &t) const; bool operator==(const int &t) const; void print(); //输出大数 }; bool BigInt::operator==(const BigInt & T) const { return !(*this > T) && !(T > *this); } bool BigInt::operator==(const int &t) const { BigInt T = BigInt(t); return *this == T; } bool BigInt::operator<(const BigInt & T) const { return T > *this; } bool BigInt::operator<(const int &t) const { return BigInt(t) > *this; } BigInt::BigInt(const int b) //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数 { int c,d = b; len = 0; memset(a,0,sizeof(a)); while(d > MAXN) { c = d - (d / (MAXN + 1)) * (MAXN + 1); d = d / (MAXN + 1); a[len++] = c; } a[len++] = d; } BigInt::BigInt(const char*s) //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数 { int t,k,index,l,i; memset(a,0,sizeof(a)); l=strlen(s); len=l/DLEN; if(l%DLEN) len++; index=0; for(i=l-1;i>=0;i-=DLEN) { t=0; k=i-DLEN+1; if(k<0) k=0; for(int j=k;j<=i;j++) t=t*10+s[j]-'0'; a[index++]=t; } } BigInt::BigInt(const BigInt & T) : len(T.len) //拷贝构造函数 { int i; memset(a,0,sizeof(a)); for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) a[i] = T.a[i]; } BigInt & BigInt::operator=(const BigInt & n) //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算 { int i; len = n.len; memset(a,0,sizeof(a)); for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) a[i] = n.a[i]; return *this; } istream& operator>>(istream & in, BigInt & b) //重载输入运算符 { char ch[MAXSIZE*4]; int i = -1; in>>ch; int l=strlen(ch); int count=0,sum=0; for(i=l-1;i>=0;) { sum = 0; int t=1; for(int j=0;j<4&&i>=0;j++,i--,t*=10) { sum+=(ch[i]-'0')*t; } b.a[count]=sum; count++; } b.len =count++; return in; } ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, BigInt& b) //重载输出运算符 { int i; cout << b.a[b.len - 1]; for(i = b.len - 2 ; i >= 0 ; i--) { cout.width(DLEN); cout.fill('0'); cout << b.a[i]; } return out; } BigInt BigInt::operator+(const BigInt & T) const //两个大数之间的相加运算 { BigInt t(*this); int i,big; //位数 big = T.len > len ? T.len : len; for(i = 0 ; i < big ; i++) { t.a[i] +=T.a[i]; if(t.a[i] > MAXN) { t.a[i + 1]++; t.a[i] -=MAXN+1; } } if(t.a[big] != 0) t.len = big + 1; else t.len = big; return t; } BigInt BigInt::operator-(const BigInt & T) const //两个大数之间的相减运算 { int i,j,big; bool flag; BigInt t1,t2; if(*this>T) { t1=*this; t2=T; flag=0; } else { t1=T; t2=*this; flag=1; } big=t1.len; for(i = 0 ; i < big ; i++) { if(t1.a[i] < t2.a[i]) { j = i + 1; while(t1.a[j] == 0) j++; t1.a[j--]--; while(j > i) t1.a[j--] += MAXN; t1.a[i] += MAXN + 1 - t2.a[i]; } else t1.a[i] -= t2.a[i]; } t1.len = big; while(t1.a[t1.len - 1] == 0 && t1.len > 1) { t1.len--; big--; } if(flag) t1.a[big-1]=0-t1.a[big-1]; return t1; } BigInt BigInt::operator*(const BigInt & T) const //两个大数之间的相乘运算 { BigInt ret; int i,j,up; int temp,temp1; for(i = 0 ; i < len ; i++) { up = 0; for(j = 0 ; j < T.len ; j++) { temp = a[i] * T.a[j] + ret.a[i + j] + up; if(temp > MAXN) { temp1 = temp - temp / (MAXN + 1) * (MAXN + 1); up = temp / (MAXN + 1); ret.a[i + j] = temp1; } else { up = 0; ret.a[i + j] = temp; } } if(up != 0) ret.a[i + j] = up; } ret.len = i + j; while(ret.a[ret.len - 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1) ret.len--; return ret; } BigInt BigInt::operator/(const int & b) const //大数对一个整数进行相除运算 { BigInt ret; int i,down = 0; for(i = len - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i--) { ret.a[i] = (a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1)) / b; down = a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1) - ret.a[i] * b; } ret.len = len; while(ret.a[ret.len - 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1) ret.len--; return ret; } int BigInt::operator %(const int & b) const //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算 { int i,d=0; for (i = len-1; i>=0; i--) { d = ((d * (MAXN+1))% b + a[i])% b; } return d; } BigInt BigInt::operator^(const int & n) const //大数的n次方运算 { BigInt t,ret(1); int i; if(n<0) exit(-1); if(n==0) return 1; if(n==1) return *this; int m=n; while(m>1) { t=*this; for( i=1;i<<1<=m;i<<=1) { t=t*t; } m-=i; ret=ret*t; if(m==1) ret=ret*(*this); } return ret; } bool BigInt::operator>(const BigInt & T) const //大数和另一个大数的大小比较 { int ln; if(len > T.len) return true; else if(len == T.len) { ln = len - 1; while(a[ln] == T.a[ln] && ln >= 0) ln--; if(ln >= 0 && a[ln] > T.a[ln]) return true; else return false; } else return false; } bool BigInt::operator >(const int & t) const //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较 { BigInt b(t); return *this>b; } void BigInt::print() //输出大数 { int i; printf("%d", a[len-1]); for (int i = len-2; i >= 0; --i) { printf("%04d", a[i]); } puts(""); } int main() { int t; char a[1000], b[1000]; BigInt ans; scanf("%s%s",a,b); BigInt A(a), B(b); printf("%s + %s = ", a, b); ans = A + B; ans.print(); printf("%s - %s = ", a, b); ans = A - B; ans.print(); scanf("%d",&t); printf("%s * %d = ", a, t); ans = A * t; ans.print(); printf("%s / %d = ", a, t); ans = A / t; ans.print(); printf("%s ^ %d = ", a, t); ans = A ^ t; ans.print(); printf("%s %% %d = ", a, t); ans = A % t; ans.print(); return 0; }
下面是用string类写的模板
两个大整数相加:
/* 大整数加法 调用方式:add(a, b); 返回类型:string */ string add(string a, string b) { string s; reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); reverse(b.begin(), b.end()); int i = 0; int m, k = 0; while(a[i] && b[i]) { m = a[i] - '0' + b[i] - '0' + k; k = m / 10; s += (m % 10 + '0'); i++; } if(i == a.size()) { while(i != b.size()) { m = k + b[i] - '0'; k = m / 10; s += m % 10 + '0'; i++; } if(k) s += k + '0'; } else if(i == b.size()) { while(i != a.size()) { m = k + a[i] - '0'; k = m / 10; s += m % 10 + '0'; i++; } if(k) s += k + '0'; } reverse(s.begin(), s.end()); return s; }
/* 大整数减法 */ #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<string> #include<iostream> using namespace std; string sub(string a, string b) { int i, j, k, s, flag = 1; int tmpa[10000], tmpb[10000], c[10000]; string ans; if(a.size() < b.size() || (a.size() == b.size() && a.compare(b) < 0)) { string tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; flag = 0; } while(a.length() > b.length()) b = '0' + b; int len = a.length(); for(i = 0; i < len; i++) { tmpa[i] = a[i] - '0'; tmpb[i] = b[i] - '0'; } for(i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if(tmpa[i] >= tmpb[i]) c[i] = tmpa[i] - tmpb[i]; else { c[i] = 10 + tmpa[i] - tmpb[i]; tmpa[i-1]--; } } for(i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) if(c[i] != 0) break; for(j = i; j < len; j++) ans = ans + (char)(c[j] + '0'); if(!flag) ans = '-' + ans; return ans; } int main() { string a, b; while(cin >> a >> b) { cout << sub(a, b) << endl; } return 0; }
大整数乘以一个小整数:
/* 大整数乘以小整数(可以用整型变量表示的整数) */ string multi(string a, int k) { if(k == 0) return "0"; int len = a.length(), carry = 0; reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) { int s = (a[i] - '0') * k + carry; a[i] = s % 10 + '0'; carry = s / 10; } while(carry != 0) { a = a + (char)(carry % 10 + '0'); carry /= 10; } reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); return a; }
两个不含前导0的大整数相乘:
/* 两个不含前导0的大整数相乘 */ #include<string> #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; string multi_string_int(string a, int k) { if(k == 0) return "0"; int len = a.length(), carry = 0; reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) { int s = (a[i] - '0') * k + carry; a[i] = s % 10 + '0'; carry = s / 10; } while(carry != 0) { a = a + (char)(carry % 10 + '0'); carry /= 10; } reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); return a; } string add(string a, string b) { string s; reverse(a.begin(), a.end()); reverse(b.begin(), b.end()); int i = 0; int m, k = 0; while(a[i] && b[i]) { m = a[i] - '0' + b[i] - '0' + k; k = m / 10; s += (m % 10 + '0'); i++; } if(i == a.size()) { while(i != b.size()) { m = k + b[i] - '0'; k = m / 10; s += m % 10 + '0'; i++; } if(k) s += k + '0'; } else if(i == b.size()) { while(i != a.size()) { m = k + a[i] - '0'; k = m / 10; s += m % 10 + '0'; i++; } if(k) s += k + '0'; } reverse(s.begin(), s.end()); return s; } string multi_string_string(string a, string b) { string ans = ""; for(int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { string tmp = multi_string_int(b, a[i] - '0'); for(int j = 0; j < a.size() - 1 - i; j++) tmp += '0'; ans = add(ans, tmp); } return ans; } int main() { string a, b; while(cin >> a >> b) { cout << multi_string_string(a, b) << endl; } return 0; }
求大整数除以一个小整数的商:
string division(string str, int x) { string ans = ""; int len = str.length(); int y = 0; for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) { ans += char((y * 10 + (str[i] - '0')) / x + '0'); y = (y * 10 + (str[i] - '0')) % x; } while(*(ans.begin()) == '0' && ans.size() > 1) ans.erase(ans.begin()); return ans; }
求一个大整数对一个小整数的余数:
int Mod(string str, int x) { int len = str.length(); int y = 0; for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) y = (y * 10 + (str[i] - '0')) % x; return y; }
两个大数除法:
/* 大数除法 -- 高精度除高精度 */ #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstring> using namespace std; #define N 2000 /* 1. a.size < b.size 返回-1 2. a.size == b.size && a - b < 0 返回-1 3. a.size == b.size && a - b == 0 返回0 */ // 判断a.size 与 b.size的关系,以及做减法 int Judge(char a[], int a1, char b[], int b1) { int i; if(a1 < b1) return -1; // a.size < b.size bool flag = false; if(a1 == b1) { //a.size == b.size && a < b for(i = a1 - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if(a[i] > b[i]) flag = true; else if(a[i] < b[i]) { if(!flag) return -1; } } } for(i = 0; i < a1; i++) { //前提b中b1--a1部分必须为'0' a[i] = a[i] - b[i] + 48; //'0'的ASCII为48 if((a[i] - '0') < 0) { a[i] = a[i] + 10; a[i+1] = a[i+1] - 1; } } for(i = a1 - 1; i >= 0; i--) { // 返回被除数的长度 if(a[i] != '0') return (i + 1); } return 0; //a.size==b.size&&a==b的情况 } string division(string a, string b) { char x1[N], x2[N]; int ans[N]; int a_len, b_len, i, j; a_len = a.length(); b_len = b.length(); // 初始化 memset(x1, '0', sizeof(x1)); memset(x2, '0', sizeof(x2)); memset(ans, 0, sizeof(ans)); for(i = a_len - 1, j = 0; i >= 0; i--) x1[j++] = a[i]; for(i = b_len - 1, j = 0; i >= 0; i--) x2[j++] = b[i]; // 分析部分 if(a_len < b_len) return "0"; int temp_len = Judge(x1, a_len, x2, b_len); if(temp_len < 0) return "0"; if(temp_len == 0) return "1"; ans[0]++; // 减掉1位, 商加1 int ntimes = temp_len - b_len; if(ntimes < 0) return "1"; // 扩充数位, 加快减法 else if(ntimes > 0) { for(i = temp_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if(i >= ntimes) x2[i] = x2[i - ntimes]; else x2[i] = '0'; } } b_len = temp_len; // 加快除法的部分 for(j = 0; j <= ntimes; j++) { int ntemp; while((ntemp = Judge(x1, temp_len, x2 + j, b_len - j)) >= 0) { temp_len = ntemp; ans[ntimes - j]++; } } for(i = 0; i < N; i++) { if(ans[i] >= 10) { ans[i+1] += ans[i] / 10; ans[i] %= 10; } } // 返回string类型 int k = N - 1; string c = ""; while(ans[k] == 0 && k > 0) k--; for(i = k; i >= 0; i--) c+= (ans[i] + '0'); return c; } int main() { string a, b; while(cin >> a >> b) { cout << division(a, b) << endl; } return 0; }