Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 发布程序的部署问题
VC2005和VC2008编译出来的程序放到别人的电脑上为什么有可能无法运行呢?
这个问题无数人在问,但是很遗憾,没有人给出完整的解释和完美的解决方案。其实我也只有一台电脑,而且装了VC了,这个问题必须要台没有装这类软件的电脑才容易去分析。感谢那些为了测试我小程序的朋友,是你们一次次在如此恶劣的网络速度下收取我一次次修改的dll包和部署文件,才让这个问题的完美解决方案浮出水面。这里就把我的经验给大家分享吧。
1:Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition可以发布软件吗?
能!
很多人说,因为是Express版,不是Studio,所以只是用来练习语言的,不能发布软件——错!
除了没有MFC和ATL,基本上跟 .net 版本是一样的。发布出来的,是完整的可执行文件。
2:VC 2008 (2005) 发布出来的程序必须附带上他们特定的dll文件吗?
不一定。
如果目标系统是个经常升级的系统,微软已经为其打上了所需要的dll文件补丁了,不需要在软件包里面附加特定的dll文件。特别在Vista系统中,你更是不需要VC8和VC9的dll文件。但是在一些老版本的系统中,这些文件就是必须的。
3:VC2008和VC2005特定的dll文件是哪些?
VC8: msvcm80.dll, msvcp80.dll, msvcr80.dll
VC9: msvcm90.dll, msvcp90.dll, msvcr90.dll
4:如何部署文件?
首先,请选择release版本;在生成可执行文件(exe文件)的时候,会得到相应的部署文件(manifest文件)。
比如,得到a.exe文件,就会同时生成a.exe.intermediate.manifest文件。请将这2个文件放在同一文件夹下。
然后,你需要VC8和VC9的部署文件:Microsoft.VC80.CRT.manifest和Microsoft.VC90.CRT.manifest。
请到你的VC安装目录下寻找,比如:
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\redist\x86\Microsoft.VC90.CRT
我这里也把2个部署文件直接贴出来,没装的直接用就是了:
Microsoft.VC80.CRT.manifest
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"
?>
< assembly xmlns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion ="1.0" >
< noInheritable ></ noInheritable >
< assemblyIdentity type ="win32" name ="Microsoft.VC80.CRT" version ="8.0.50727.762" processorArchitecture ="x86" publicKeyToken ="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b" ></ assemblyIdentity >
< file name ="msvcr80.dll" /> < file name ="msvcp80.dll" /> < file name ="msvcm80.dll" />
</ assembly >
Microsoft.VC90.CRT.manifest
< assembly xmlns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion ="1.0" >
< noInheritable ></ noInheritable >
< assemblyIdentity type ="win32" name ="Microsoft.VC80.CRT" version ="8.0.50727.762" processorArchitecture ="x86" publicKeyToken ="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b" ></ assemblyIdentity >
< file name ="msvcr80.dll" /> < file name ="msvcp80.dll" /> < file name ="msvcm80.dll" />
</ assembly >
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"
?>
<!-- Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. -->
< assembly xmlns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion ="1.0" >
< noInheritable />
< assemblyIdentity
type ="win32"
name ="Microsoft.VC90.CRT"
version ="9.0.21022.8"
processorArchitecture ="x86"
publicKeyToken ="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b"
/>
< file name ="msvcr90.dll" /> < file name ="msvcp90.dll" /> < file name ="msvcm90.dll" />
</ assembly >
然后将VC8的3个dll以及这个manifest装到一个文件夹里,并将文件夹命名为Microsoft.VC80.CRT。
<!-- Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. -->
< assembly xmlns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion ="1.0" >
< noInheritable />
< assemblyIdentity
type ="win32"
name ="Microsoft.VC90.CRT"
version ="9.0.21022.8"
processorArchitecture ="x86"
publicKeyToken ="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b"
/>
< file name ="msvcr90.dll" /> < file name ="msvcp90.dll" /> < file name ="msvcm90.dll" />
</ assembly >
同样将VC9的3个dll以及这个manifest装到一个文件夹里,并将文件夹命名为Microsoft.VC90.CRT。
将这2个文件夹放到与exe文件(及其部署文件)所在目录下就OK了。
至于为什么VC9编译的程序要用VC8的dll,大家可以看看我例程部署文件:
<?
xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes'
?>
< assembly xmlns ='urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1' manifestVersion ='1.0'>
<trustInfo xmlns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3" >
< security >
< requestedPrivileges >
< requestedExecutionLevel level ='asInvoker' uiAccess ='false' />
</ requestedPrivileges >
</ security >
</ trustInfo >
< dependency >
< dependentAssembly >
< assemblyIdentity type ='win32' name ='Microsoft.VC90.CRT' version ='9.0.21022.8' processorArchitecture ='x86' publicKeyToken ='1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b' />
</ dependentAssembly >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< dependentAssembly >
< assemblyIdentity type ='win32' name ='Microsoft.VC80.CRT' version ='8.0.50727.762' processorArchitecture ='x86' publicKeyToken ='1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b' />
</ dependentAssembly >
</ dependency >
</ assembly >
VC 2008生成出来就需要VC90和VC80的CRT,我们能有什么脾气呢……
< assembly xmlns ='urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1' manifestVersion ='1.0'>
<trustInfo xmlns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3" >
< security >
< requestedPrivileges >
< requestedExecutionLevel level ='asInvoker' uiAccess ='false' />
</ requestedPrivileges >
</ security >
</ trustInfo >
< dependency >
< dependentAssembly >
< assemblyIdentity type ='win32' name ='Microsoft.VC90.CRT' version ='9.0.21022.8' processorArchitecture ='x86' publicKeyToken ='1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b' />
</ dependentAssembly >
</ dependency >
< dependency >
< dependentAssembly >
< assemblyIdentity type ='win32' name ='Microsoft.VC80.CRT' version ='8.0.50727.762' processorArchitecture ='x86' publicKeyToken ='1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b' />
</ dependentAssembly >
</ dependency >
</ assembly >
也就是说,还别管你exe文件多大,要保证正常运行,我们需要首先拷贝这8个文件……
MinGW(gcc)编译的就没这些麻烦。所以,我现在都是用两个编译器编译两个exe以供发布了。