【翻】虚幻引擎 Unreal engine
很久以前为了练习英语而翻译的一篇wikipedia.org上的文章,这篇文章对于了解虚幻引擎还是很有帮助的。翻译得不好,让大家见笑了,如果觉得读着蹩脚,那还是读原文吧^^
虚幻引擎 Unreal engine
游戏引擎 game engines
Unreal engine 包括对 脚本语言cripting language 的支持,名叫 UnrealScript,它可以用来迅速修改许多游戏的内容而无需钻研C++内涵。
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Unreal engine在游戏中的应用
为了能加快他们自己游戏的开发,许多其他的公司得到了使用Unreal engine的许可。 这些包括 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen 和 Ion Storm Inc.的 Deus Ex。新版本的引擎正在用来开发PC游戏例如 Running With Scissors, Inc.的 Postal², 3D Realms' Duke Nukem Forever,U.S. Army的America's Army,还有 Ion Storm的Deus Ex: Invisible War 。
Unreal engine 的各个版本都适合 IBM PC (Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux),Apple Macintosh (Mac OS, Mac OS X) 和其他平台。下面是一个完整的video games发布清单:
Unreal Engine 1
Unreal Engine 1.0
Builds 1-226: 最初的Unreal engine公认的开始于Unreal,虽然Legend Entertainment 和 MicroProse 出现的要早一些。 226f 是Unreal的最终补丁。Unreal engine 的特性没有出现在当时的其他引擎 ,比如 动态光照(Dynamic Lighting), Detail Textures 等其它一些特性。
发布的游戏:
- Dr. Brain's Thinking Games: Action/Reaction — (1999) Knowledge Adventure
- TNN Outdoors Pro Hunter — (1998) DreamForge Intertainment
- Unreal (uses build 220-226) — (1998) Epic Games
- Unreal Mission Pack 1: Return to Na Pali (uses build 224-226) — (1999) Legend Entertainment
- Virtual Reality Notre Dame — (1999) NASA
Unreal Engine 1.5
Builds 300-436:原有Build的增强版。 The codebase was forked and the v300 并且增加到目前的版本436。主要对渲染器进行了加强, 以能够彻底地支持Direct3D,最终整合成了Warren Marshall的新引擎UnrealEd 2。另外,这个引擎的PS2和Dreamcast 版本在这一时期首次登台亮相,还有对 骨骼动画(keletal animation) 的支持也整合进来了。
发布的游戏:
- Adventure Pinball: Forgotten Island — (2001) Digital Extremes
- Clive Barker's Undying — (2001) Dreamworks Interactive
- Deus Ex — (2000) Ion Storm
- Deus Ex: The Conspiracy — (2002) Ion Storm
- Disney's Brother Bear — (2003) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets — (2002) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone — (2001) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Mobile Forces — (2002) Rage Software
- Nerf Arena Blast — (1999) Visionary Media, Inc.
- New Legends — (2002) Infinite Machine
- Rune — (2000) Human Head Studios
- Rune: Halls of Valhalla — (2001) Human Head Studios
- Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen — (2000) The Collective
- Star Trek: The Next Generation: Klingon Honor Guard — (1998) MicroProse
- Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror — (2002) Kamehan Studios
- The Wheel of Time — (1999) Legend Entertainment
- Twin Caliber — (2003) Rage Software
- Unreal Tournament (uses build 400-436) — (1999) Epic Games
- X-COM: Enforcer — (2001) MicroProse
Unreal Engine 2
Unreal Engine 2.0
Builds 500-2227: 第二代Unreal engine的builds开始于500,第一次得到许可看到他们是在600以后, 随着America's Army的发布,build 927这个可用的版本才公布。当 Epic 完成了UT2003, build号也跳到了2000+.
重大的技术改进包括对渲染和地图编辑器的检验: 加强 lighting & shading,hardware vertex & pixel shader 的支持, 改进了 texture compression,bump mapping 和 cube mapping, 一个新的 粒子系统(particle system),游戏环境中,smooth skinned geometry 提供了 animated characters 和 complex animated geometry, 面部动画(facial animation) 提供了(包括 lipsynced animation),支持大比例地图,BSP网眼(BSP meshes) 和地形的无缝混合, 支持硬件 transform and lighting,重写了对 PlayStation 2 的支持,以及对 GameCube 和 Xbox的支持,一个新的名叫"Karma"的物理引擎,等等。
这个引擎有时会被错误的叫作 "UT2003 engine", "U2 engine", "UT2 engine",或者类似。 Licensees sometimes refer to it as "Unreal Warfare(冲突)", 虽然"Unreal Warfare" 这个词最初的由来是含混和令人迷惑的。有一点,"Unreal Warfare"是Epic的一个工程的一个代码名,用来辨别这个自己都不清楚的工程是一个游戏还是一个引擎。Theories vary: 有人认为这仅仅是UT2004的代码名,其他人则相信它是Gears of War的原有代码名。尽管Epic 的代表声称最终的gametype名字还没有定下来。有关信息显示, Epic 将向 UT2007 里加入一个gametype,同时称作"Unreal Warfare" 和 "Conquest"
引擎的命名计划为 Unreal Engine N,或者是Unreal engine的N代。
声名开发的游戏(Announced games)
- San Guo Online — Wayi
- Brothers in Arms : Road to Hill 30(PSP) — Ubisoft
- Brothers in Arms : Earned in Blood(PSP) — Ubisoft
- World War II Combat : Road to Berlin — Direct Action Games
- WWII Combat : Iwo Jima — Direct Action Games
- MagnaCarta Portable(PSP) — Soft Max
发布的游戏:
- Advent Rising — (2005) GlyphX
- America's Army v1.0 ~ v2.3 — (2002) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
- America's Army : Rise of Soldier — (2005) Secret Level
- Brothers In Arms: Earned in Blood — (2005) Gearbox Software
- Brothers In Arms: Road to Hill 30 — (2005) Gearbox Software
- Combat: Task Force 121 — (2005) Direct Action Games
- Dead Man's Hand — (2004) Human Head Studios
- Desert Thunder — (2003) Brainbox Games
- Deus Ex: Invisible War — (2003) Ion Storm
- Devastation — (2003) Digitalo Studios
- Exteel — (2005) NC Soft
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban — (2004) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
- Land of the Dead : Road to Flidder's Green — (2005) Brainbox Games
- Lineage II — (2003) NC Soft
- Magic: The Gathering Battlegrounds — (2003) Atari
- MagnaCarta : Tears of Blood — (2005)
- Marine Heavy Gunner: Vietnam — (2004) Brainbox Games
- Men of Valor — (2004) 2015, Inc.
- Postal² — (2003) Running With Scissors, Inc.
- Postal²: Share the Pain — (2003) Running With Scissors, Inc.
- Postal²: Apocalypse Weekend — (2005) Running With Scissors, Inc.
- Sephiroth — Imazic Entertainment
- Shadow Ops: Red Mercury — (2004) Zombie
- Star Wars: Republic Commando — (2005) LucasArts
- SWAT 4 — (2005) Irrational Games
- Thief: Deadly Shadows — (2004) Ion Storm
- Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon 2 (PS2 Version, GC Version) — (2005) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 (PS2 version, GC Version, Xbox version) — (2003) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 : Black Arrow (Xbox Only) — (2004) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield — (2003) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Athena Sword — (2004) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Iron Wrath — (2005) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell — (2003) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell : Essentials — (2006) Ubisoft
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow — (2004) Ubisoft
- Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Edition (uses build 2226-2227) — (2003) Epic Games
- Unreal II: The Awakening (uses build 829-2001) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
- Unreal II EXpanded MultiPlayer (XMP)(uses build 2226) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
- Unreal Tournament 2003 (uses build 2107-2225) — (2002) Digital Extremes
- Unreal Championship (uses build 927-1018) — (2002) Digital Extremes
- XIII — (2003) Ubisoft
Unreal Engine 2.5
Builds 2500-3369: Unreal Engine 2 的加强版本,优化了的渲染代码。渲染系统提供了对众多平台的优化支持,如 DirectX versions 7 / 8,OpenGL,甚至用Pixomatic (licensed separately)进行软件渲染。虽然2.5 没有广泛发挥DirectX 9的特性,但是它确实使用了DirectX 9 API ,从而开始有兴致增加DirectX 9.x 图形特性的历史。 Unreal Engine 2.5 还展现了新特性,multipass bump-mapping (normal map/bump map/specular map/diffuse map/gloss map/environment map/opacity map/mask map etc), per-pixel lighting 和 per-pixel shading,virtual displacement mapping , high dynamic range rendering , soft shadows 和其它DirectX 9或更高版本(如同OpenGL一样) 的图形特性。Unreal Engine 2.5 增加了对64-bit Windows 和 64-bit Linux的支持。还为Xbox 的内存管理系统进行了优化。
声名开发的游戏:
- America's Army : Special Force Overmatch — US Army
- America's Army : Stryker Overmatch — US Army
- BioShock — Irrational Games
- Duke Nukem Forever — 3D Realms
- Hoopworld — Streamline Studios
- Priston Tale 2 — Emotion
- Ragnarok Online 2 — Gravity Corporation
- Stargate SG-1 : The Alliance — Perception
- The Chronicles of Spellborn — Spellborn International
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent — Ubisoft
- Vanguard: Saga of Heroes — Sigil Games Online
- Vanguard: first expantion pak — Sigil Games Online
- WarPath — Digital Extremes
- Unannounced Games — Irrational Games
发布的游戏:
- America's Army v2.4 ~ v2.9 — (2005) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
- Pariah — (2005) Digital Extremes
- Red Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45 — (2006) Tripwire Interactive
- SWAT 4: The Stetchkov Syndicate — (2006) Irrational Games
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory — (2005) Ubisoft
- Tribes: Vengeance — (2004) Irrational Games
- Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict (uses build 3357-3363) — (2005) Epic Games
- Unreal Tournament 2004 (uses build 3186-3369) — (2004) Epic Games / Digital Extremes
Unreal Engine 3
Unreal Engine 3.0
Builds 3500 或更高: Unreal Engine 3 合并支持DirectX 9 和下一代 APIs ,包括 XNA, DirectX 10 和 OpenGL 2.x。它放弃了 legacy support 来改善性能和获得在老一代 graphics processors上无法实现的视觉效果。Unreal Engine 3 将要使用NovodeX physics engine, 放弃了自主开发的在Unreal Engine 2.x里使用的“Karma” 物理引擎。 lighting 和shadowing得到了巨大的提升, 使用了实时per-pixel lighting 和 shadowing 技术,例如为人物应用的16x采样 shadow depth buffers ,令人激动的动态光照的stencil shadow volumes 场景和为静态光照交互预处理的 shadow-masks。 Unreal Engine 3 还支持shader models 2, 3 和 4。
声名开发的游戏:
- All Points Bulletin — Real Time Worlds
- America's Army v3.0 — U.S. Army
- America's Army : Real Heroes — (Xbox 360 and PS3) — U.S. Army
- Brothers in Arms 3 — Gearbox Software
- Endless Saga — Webzen Games Inc.
- Elveon — 10Tacle
- Frame City Killer — Namco
- Gears of War — (2006) Epic Games
- Huxley — Webzen Games Inc.
- Indiana Jones — LucasArts
- Lineage III — NC Soft
- Lost Odyssey — Mist Walker / Feel Plus
- Magna Carta 2 — Soft Max
- Marble Comics Online — Sigil Games Online
- Mass Effect — BioWare
- Project IM — (unknown) Zero Point Software
- Project New Jersey — Obsidian Entertainment
- Roboblitz — Naked Sky Entertainment
- Section 8— Timegate Studios
- Stranglehold — (2006) Tiger Hill Entertainment
- Swat 5 — VUG
- Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell 5 — Ubisoft
- Too Human — Silicon Knights
- New Turok (placeholder title) — Buena Vista Games
- Unreal Tournament 2007 (2006) Epic Games
- Vanguard : second expansion pak — Sigil Games Online
- Unannounced title — 2015
- Unannounced title — Acony
- Unannounced title — Ensemble Studios
- Unannounced title — Hirez Studios
- Unannounced title — Tripwire Interactive
- Unannounced titles — Atari
- Unannounced titles — Buena Vista Games
- Unannounced titles — Cranky Pants Games
- Unannounced titles — Eidos Interactive
- Unannounced titles — Gearbox Software
- Unannounced titles — GlyphX
- Unannounced titles — High Moon Studios
- Unannounced titles — inXile Entertainment
- Unannounced titles — Lucky Chicken Games
- Unannounced titles — Mad Dog
- Unannounced titles — Majesco Games
- Unannounced titles — Microsoft Game Studios
- Unannounced titles — Midway Games
- Unannounced titles — Mind Control Software
- Unannounced titles — Namco
- Unannounced titles — NC Soft
- Unannounced titles — Real Time Worlds
- Unannounced titles — Rocksteady Studios
- Unannounced titles — Sony Computer Entertainment
- Unannounced titles — THQ
- Unannounced titles — Tiger Hill Entertainment
- Unannounced titles — TimeGate Studios
- Unannounced titles — Spark Unlimited
- Unannounced titles — Streamline Studios
- Unannounced titles — Surreal Software
- Unannounced titles — Trilogy
- Unannounced titles — Ubisoft
- Unannounced titles — Vision Studios
- Unannounced titles — Vivendi Universal Games
- Unannounced titles — Webzen
- Unannounced titles — Zombie Studios
Unreal Engine 3.5
Epic正在用UE3.0 制作Gears of War和Unreal Tournament 2007。但是,Epic 还要继续改进和扩展UE3 ,重写全部的控制台循环,所以重大的加强至少要等3年半(尽管UT2007 在4/4 2006发行)。Unreal Engine 3.5 提供DirectX 11/12 和 shader model 5 或者更高的技术支持。
Tim Sweeney 说 : 关于时间表, 我们会始终积极的开发 Unreal Engine 3 ,考虑到当今的这一代硬件——最终得等到 2009.
http://www.beyond3d.com/#news27836
Unreal Engine 4
Mark Rein (Epic Games的副总裁) August 18, 2005 透露公司在过去的两年里进行了有关Unreal Engine 4 的工作。这个引擎意在the coming generation之后的下一代控制台,as well as the PC. 到目前为止只有 Tim Sweeney一个人在进行此引擎工作,他是Epic的首席程序员(lead programmer) 。
See also
- Unreal
- UnrealScript
- game engine
References
- Note (1): Rein: "We've been working on Unreal Engine 4 for two years". Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on August 19, 2005.
- Note (2): Interview: Mark Rein. Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on September 30, 2005.
External links
- The official Unreal Developer Network documenting the Unreal engine
- Online community Unreal engine documentation
- Unreal Technology
- Unreal Engine 3 Details
Unreal series |
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Unreal | Unreal II: The Awakening | eXpanded MultiPlayer Unreal Tournament | Unreal Tournament 2003 | Unreal Tournament 2004 | Unreal Tournament 2007 Unreal Championship | Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict Totally Unreal Unreal engine | UnrealScript | Vehicles |
Categories: Wikipedia articles needing factual verification | Game engines | Unreal