【翻】虚幻引擎 Unreal engine

【翻】虚幻引擎 Unreal engine

很久以前为了练习英语而翻译的一篇wikipedia.org上的文章,这篇文章对于了解虚幻引擎还是很有帮助的。
翻译得不好,让大家见笑了,如果觉得读着蹩脚,那还是读原文吧^^

虚幻引擎 Unreal engine

 

游戏引擎 game engines

Unreal engine 是一个最流行的 动作游戏(action games)  游戏引擎(g ame engines),第一个创作的游戏是1998年的 第一人称射击(FPS , first-person shooter)  游戏(game) 虚幻(Unreal),它已经成为众多游戏的基础,包括 虚幻竞技场(Unreal Tournament) 和 Tom Clancy的彩虹6号3( Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield)。  Epic Games 公司开发。

Unreal engine 包括对 脚本语言cripting language 的支持,名叫 UnrealScript,它可以用来迅速修改许多游戏的内容而无需钻研C++内涵。

内容

  • 1 Games using the Unreal engine
    • 1.1 Unreal Engine 1
      • 1.1.1 Unreal Engine 1.0
        • 1.1.1.1 Released Games
      • 1.1.2 Unreal Engine 1.5
        • 1.1.2.1 Released games
    • 1.2 Unreal Engine 2
      • 1.2.1 Unreal Engine 2.0
        • 1.2.1.1 Announced games
        • 1.2.1.2 Released games
      • 1.2.2 Unreal Engine 2.5
        • 1.2.2.1 Announced games
        • 1.2.2.2 Released games
    • 1.3 Unreal Engine 3
      • 1.3.1 Unreal Engine 3.0
        • 1.3.1.1 Announced games
      • 1.3.2 Unreal Engine 3.5
    • 1.4 Unreal Engine 4
  • 2 See also
  • 3 References
  • 4 External links

 

Unreal engine在游戏中的应用

为了能加快他们自己游戏的开发,许多其他的公司得到了使用Unreal engine的许可。 这些包括 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen 和 Ion Storm Inc.Deus Ex。新版本的引擎正在用来开发PC游戏例如 Running With Scissors, Inc.Postal², 3D Realms' Duke Nukem ForeverU.S. ArmyAmerica's Army,还有 Ion Storm的Deus Ex: Invisible War 。

Unreal engine 的各个版本都适合 IBM PC (Microsoft Windows, GNU/Linux),Apple Macintosh (Mac OS, Mac OS X) 和其他平台。下面是一个完整的video games发布清单:

Unreal Engine 1

Unreal Engine 1.0

 
Unreal engine 最初用来开发 Unreal 。它的特点是宏大的地图和一个wide color palette in contrast to competing 3D 游戏引擎

Builds 1-226: 最初的Unreal engine公认的开始于Unreal,虽然Legend Entertainment 和 MicroProse 出现的要早一些。 226f 是Unreal的最终补丁Unreal engine 的特性没有出现在当时的其他引擎 ,比如 动态光照(Dynamic Lighting), Detail Textures 等其它一些特性。

发布的游戏:
  • Dr. Brain's Thinking Games: Action/Reaction — (1999) Knowledge Adventure
  • TNN Outdoors Pro Hunter — (1998) DreamForge Intertainment
  • Unreal (uses build 220-226) — (1998) Epic Games
    • Unreal Mission Pack 1: Return to Na Pali (uses build 224-226) — (1999) Legend Entertainment
  • Virtual Reality Notre Dame — (1999) NASA

Unreal Engine 1.5

Unreal Tournament 应用了原有引擎的改进版本Unreal Engine 1.5

 Builds 300-436:原有Build的增强版。 The codebase was forked and the v300 并且增加到目前的版本436。主要对渲染器进行了加强, 以能够彻底地支持Direct3D,最终整合成了Warren Marshall的新引擎UnrealEd 2。另外,这个引擎的PS2Dreamcast 版本在这一时期首次登台亮相,还有对 骨骼动画(keletal animation) 的支持也整合进来了。

发布的游戏:
  • Adventure Pinball: Forgotten Island — (2001) Digital Extremes
  • Clive Barker's Undying — (2001) Dreamworks Interactive
  • Deus Ex — (2000) Ion Storm
  • Deus Ex: The Conspiracy — (2002) Ion Storm
  • Disney's Brother Bear — (2003) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
  • Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets — (2002) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
  • Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone — (2001) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
  • Mobile Forces — (2002) Rage Software
  • Nerf Arena Blast — (1999) Visionary Media, Inc.
  • New Legends — (2002) Infinite Machine
  • Rune — (2000) Human Head Studios
    • Rune: Halls of Valhalla — (2001) Human Head Studios
  • Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen — (2000) The Collective
  • Star Trek: The Next Generation: Klingon Honor Guard — (1998) MicroProse
  • Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror — (2002) Kamehan Studios
  • The Wheel of Time — (1999) Legend Entertainment
  • Twin Caliber — (2003) Rage Software
  • Unreal Tournament (uses build 400-436) — (1999) Epic Games
  • X-COM: Enforcer — (2001) MicroProse

Unreal Engine 2

Unreal Engine 2.0

Unreal Tournament 2003 应用了第二代Unreal engine, 视觉效果和开发的舒适等方面的大量改进使得这个引擎超过了其他众多引擎。

Builds 500-2227: 第二代Unreal engine的builds开始于500,第一次得到许可看到他们是在600以后, 随着America's Army的发布,build 927这个可用的版本才公布。当 Epic 完成了UT2003, build号也跳到了2000+.

重大的技术改进包括对渲染和地图编辑器的检验: 加强 lighting & shading,hardware vertex & pixel shader 的支持, 改进了 texture compressionbump mapping 和 cube mapping, 一个新的 粒子系统(particle system),游戏环境中,smooth skinned geometry 提供了 animated characters 和 complex animated geometry, 面部动画(facial animation) 提供了(包括 lipsynced animation),支持大比例地图,BSP网眼(BSP meshes) 和地形的无缝混合, 支持硬件 transform and lighting,重写了对 PlayStation 2 的支持,以及对 GameCube 和 Xbox的支持,一个新的名叫"Karma"的物理引擎,等等。

这个引擎有时会被错误的叫作 "UT2003 engine", "U2 engine", "UT2 engine",或者类似。 Licensees sometimes refer to it as "Unreal Warfare(冲突)", 虽然"Unreal Warfare" 这个词最初的由来是含混和令人迷惑的。有一点,"Unreal Warfare"是Epic的一个工程的一个代码名,用来辨别这个自己都不清楚的工程是一个游戏还是一个引擎。Theories vary: 有人认为这仅仅是UT2004的代码名,其他人则相信它是Gears of War的原有代码名。尽管Epic 的代表声称最终的gametype名字还没有定下来。有关信息显示, Epic 将向 UT2007 里加入一个gametype,同时称作"Unreal Warfare" 和 "Conquest" 

引擎的命名计划为 Unreal Engine N,或者是Unreal engine的N代。

声名开发的游戏(Announced games)
  • San Guo OnlineWayi
  • Brothers in Arms : Road to Hill 30(PSP)Ubisoft
  • Brothers in Arms : Earned in Blood(PSP)Ubisoft
  • World War II Combat : Road to BerlinDirect Action Games
  • WWII Combat : Iwo JimaDirect Action Games
  • MagnaCarta Portable(PSP)Soft Max

发布的游戏:
  • Advent Rising — (2005) GlyphX
  • America's Army v1.0 ~ v2.3 — (2002) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
  • America's Army : Rise of Soldier — (2005) Secret Level
  • Brothers In Arms: Earned in Blood — (2005) Gearbox Software
  • Brothers In Arms: Road to Hill 30 — (2005) Gearbox Software
  • Combat: Task Force 121 — (2005) Direct Action Games
  • Dead Man's Hand — (2004) Human Head Studios
  • Desert Thunder — (2003) Brainbox Games
  • Deus Ex: Invisible War — (2003) Ion Storm
  • Devastation — (2003) Digitalo Studios
  • Exteel — (2005) NC Soft
  • Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban — (2004) KnowWonder Digital Mediaworks
  • Land of the Dead : Road to Flidder's Green — (2005) Brainbox Games
  • Lineage II — (2003) NC Soft
  • Magic: The Gathering Battlegrounds — (2003) Atari
  • MagnaCarta : Tears of Blood — (2005)
  • Marine Heavy Gunner: Vietnam — (2004) Brainbox Games
  • Men of Valor — (2004) 2015, Inc.
  • Postal² — (2003) Running With Scissors, Inc.
    • Postal²: Share the Pain — (2003) Running With Scissors, Inc.
    • Postal²: Apocalypse Weekend — (2005) Running With Scissors, Inc.
  • SephirothImazic Entertainment
  • Shadow Ops: Red Mercury — (2004) Zombie
  • Star Wars: Republic Commando — (2005) LucasArts
  • SWAT 4 — (2005) Irrational Games
  • Thief: Deadly Shadows — (2004) Ion Storm
  • Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon 2 (PS2 Version, GC Version) — (2005) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 (PS2 version, GC Version, Xbox version) — (2003) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3 : Black Arrow (Xbox Only) — (2004) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Raven Shield — (2003) Ubisoft
    • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Athena Sword — (2004) Ubisoft
    • Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3: Iron Wrath — (2005) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell — (2003) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell : Essentials — (2006) Ubisoft
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow — (2004) Ubisoft
  • Unreal Engine 2 Runtime Edition (uses build 2226-2227) — (2003) Epic Games
  • Unreal II: The Awakening (uses build 829-2001) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
    • Unreal II EXpanded MultiPlayer (XMP)(uses build 2226) — (2003) Legend Entertainment
  • Unreal Tournament 2003 (uses build 2107-2225) — (2002) Digital Extremes
  • Unreal Championship (uses build 927-1018) — (2002) Digital Extremes
  • XIII — (2003) Ubisoft

Unreal Engine 2.5

Builds 2500-3369: Unreal Engine 2 的加强版本,优化了的渲染代码。渲染系统提供了对众多平台的优化支持,如 DirectX versions 7 / 8,OpenGL,甚至用Pixomatic (licensed separately)进行软件渲染。虽然2.5 没有广泛发挥DirectX 9的特性,但是它确实使用了DirectX 9 API ,从而开始有兴致增加DirectX 9.x 图形特性的历史。 Unreal Engine 2.5 还展现了新特性,multipass bump-mapping (normal map/bump map/specular map/diffuse map/gloss map/environment map/opacity map/mask map etc), per-pixel lighting 和 per-pixel shadingvirtual displacement mapping , high dynamic range rendering , soft shadows 和其它DirectX 9或更高版本(如同OpenGL一样) 的图形特性。Unreal Engine 2.5 增加了对64-bit Windows 和 64-bit Linux的支持。还为Xbox 的内存管理系统进行了优化。

声名开发的游戏:
  • America's Army : Special Force OvermatchUS Army
  • America's Army : Stryker OvermatchUS Army
  • BioShockIrrational Games
  • Duke Nukem Forever3D Realms
  • HoopworldStreamline Studios
  • Priston Tale 2Emotion
  • Ragnarok Online 2Gravity Corporation
  • Stargate SG-1 : The AlliancePerception
  • The Chronicles of SpellbornSpellborn International
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double AgentUbisoft
  • Vanguard: Saga of HeroesSigil Games Online
  • Vanguard: first expantion pakSigil Games Online
  • WarPathDigital Extremes
  • Unannounced GamesIrrational Games

发布的游戏:
  • America's Army v2.4 ~ v2.9 — (2005) U.S. Army (The MOVES Institute)
  • Pariah — (2005) Digital Extremes
  • Red Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45 — (2006) Tripwire Interactive
  • SWAT 4: The Stetchkov Syndicate — (2006) Irrational Games
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory — (2005) Ubisoft
  • Tribes: Vengeance — (2004) Irrational Games
  • Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict (uses build 3357-3363) — (2005) Epic Games
  • Unreal Tournament 2004 (uses build 3186-3369) — (2004) Epic Games / Digital Extremes

Unreal Engine 3

这是Unreal Engine 3 技术演示下的狂暴战士(将是 Gears of War 的内容)预示着一个使用了 normal mapping 和 real-time soft self-shadowing技术的复杂模型

Unreal Engine 3.0

Builds 3500 或更高: Unreal Engine 3 合并支持DirectX 9 和下一代 APIs ,包括 XNA, DirectX 10 和 OpenGL 2.x。它放弃了 legacy support 来改善性能和获得在老一代 graphics processors上无法实现的视觉效果。Unreal Engine 3 将要使用NovodeX physics engine, 放弃了自主开发的在Unreal Engine 2.x里使用的“Karma” 物理引擎。 lighting 和shadowing得到了巨大的提升, 使用了实时per-pixel lighting 和 shadowing 技术,例如为人物应用的16x采样 shadow depth buffers ,令人激动的动态光照的stencil shadow volumes 场景和为静态光照交互预处理的 shadow-masks。 Unreal Engine 3 还支持shader models 2, 3 和 4。

声名开发的游戏:
  • All Points BulletinReal Time Worlds
  • America's Army v3.0 — U.S. Army
  • America's Army : Real Heroes — (Xbox 360 and PS3) — U.S. Army
  • Brothers in Arms 3Gearbox Software
  • Endless SagaWebzen Games Inc.
  • Elveon10Tacle
  • Frame City KillerNamco
  • Gears of War — (2006) Epic Games
  • HuxleyWebzen Games Inc.
  • Indiana JonesLucasArts
  • Lineage IIINC Soft
  • Lost OdysseyMist Walker / Feel Plus
  • Magna Carta 2Soft Max
  • Marble Comics OnlineSigil Games Online
  • Mass EffectBioWare
  • Project IM — (unknown) Zero Point Software
  • Project New JerseyObsidian Entertainment
  • RoboblitzNaked Sky Entertainment
  • Section 8Timegate Studios
  • Stranglehold — (2006) Tiger Hill Entertainment
  • Swat 5VUG
  • Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell 5Ubisoft
  • Too HumanSilicon Knights
  • New Turok (placeholder title) — Buena Vista Games
  • Unreal Tournament 2007 (2006) Epic Games
  • Vanguard : second expansion pakSigil Games Online
  • Unannounced title — 2015
  • Unannounced title — Acony
  • Unannounced title — Ensemble Studios
  • Unannounced title — Hirez Studios
  • Unannounced title — Tripwire Interactive
  • Unannounced titles — Atari
  • Unannounced titles — Buena Vista Games
  • Unannounced titles — Cranky Pants Games
  • Unannounced titles — Eidos Interactive
  • Unannounced titles — Gearbox Software
  • Unannounced titles — GlyphX
  • Unannounced titles — High Moon Studios
  • Unannounced titles — inXile Entertainment
  • Unannounced titles — Lucky Chicken Games
  • Unannounced titles — Mad Dog
  • Unannounced titles — Majesco Games
  • Unannounced titles — Microsoft Game Studios
  • Unannounced titles — Midway Games
  • Unannounced titles — Mind Control Software
  • Unannounced titles — Namco
  • Unannounced titles — NC Soft
  • Unannounced titles — Real Time Worlds
  • Unannounced titles — Rocksteady Studios
  • Unannounced titles — Sony Computer Entertainment
  • Unannounced titles — THQ
  • Unannounced titles — Tiger Hill Entertainment
  • Unannounced titles — TimeGate Studios
  • Unannounced titles — Spark Unlimited
  • Unannounced titles — Streamline Studios
  • Unannounced titles — Surreal Software
  • Unannounced titles — Trilogy
  • Unannounced titles — Ubisoft
  • Unannounced titles — Vision Studios
  • Unannounced titles — Vivendi Universal Games
  • Unannounced titles — Webzen
  • Unannounced titles — Zombie Studios

Unreal Engine 3.5

Epic正在用UE3.0 制作Gears of War和Unreal Tournament 2007。但是,Epic 还要继续改进和扩展UE3 ,重写全部的控制台循环,所以重大的加强至少要等3年半(尽管UT2007 在4/4 2006发行)。Unreal Engine 3.5 提供DirectX 11/12 和 shader model 5 或者更高的技术支持。

Tim Sweeney 说 : 关于时间表, 我们会始终积极的开发 Unreal Engine 3 ,考虑到当今的这一代硬件——最终得等到 2009.

http://www.beyond3d.com/#news27836

Unreal Engine 4

Mark Rein (Epic Games的副总裁) August 18, 2005 透露公司在过去的两年里进行了有关Unreal Engine 4 的工作。这个引擎意在the coming generation之后的下一代控制台,as well as the PC. 到目前为止只有 Tim Sweeney一个人在进行此引擎工作,他是Epic的首席程序员(lead programmer) 。

See also

  • Unreal
  • UnrealScript
  • game engine

References

  • Note (1): Rein: "We've been working on Unreal Engine 4 for two years". Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on August 19, 2005.
  • Note (2): Interview: Mark Rein. Computer And Video Games. URL accessed on September 30, 2005.

External links

  • The official Unreal Developer Network documenting the Unreal engine
  • Online community Unreal engine documentation
  • Unreal Technology
  • Unreal Engine 3 Details


Unreal series

Unreal | Unreal II: The Awakening | eXpanded MultiPlayer

Unreal Tournament | Unreal Tournament 2003 | Unreal Tournament 2004 | Unreal Tournament 2007

Unreal Championship | Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict

Totally Unreal

Unreal engine | UnrealScript | Vehicles

Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal_engine"

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